Investment, logistics and sustainable development are opening new opportunities for bilateral cooperation

The value of international cooperation is increasingly measured not by the number of meetings held or documents signed, but by what follows: new businesses, access to markets, lower transport costs and better opportunities for people. This results-oriented approach is particularly relevant to the growing partnership between Uzbekistan and the Sultanate of Oman.

The two countries bring complementary strengths. Uzbekistan is expanding its role as a manufacturing and transport hub in Central Asia, while Oman offers established ports along Indian Ocean trade routes, international investment expertise and access to Gulf markets. Their cooperation can therefore extend well beyond bilateral trade, connecting production, distribution and logistics into more integrated value chains.

President Shavkat Mirziyoyev’s planned visit to Oman could provide fresh momentum. During a telephone conversation on 4 March 2026, President Mirziyoyev and Sultan Haitham bin Tariq Al Said referred to the forthcoming high-level visit to Muscat.

Political trust and investment opportunities

Uzbekistan and Oman established diplomatic relations on 22 April 1992. Their engagement has been shaped by pragmatism, respect for sovereignty and a shared preference for dialogue. The ninth round of foreign-ministry political consultations took place in Muscat on 30 June 2026. On 13 October, the foreign ministers again discussed expanding trade, tourism, investment and transport and logistics projects.

The investment agenda is gaining substance. According to information released after talks on 29 April, ten enterprises with Omani capital were operating in Uzbekistan, while around 20 additional joint projects with a combined estimated value of US$3.2 billion were under development. This figure requires an important distinction: it represents a prospective project pipeline, not capital already invested or disbursed. The priority now is to move promising proposals toward financing, implementation and operating businesses.

The Uzbek-Oman Investment Company, UzOman, provides an existing platform for this effort. Oman Investment Authority holds 75 per cent of its capital and Uzbekistan’s Fund for Reconstruction and Development the remaining 25 per cent. Beyond providing finance, the platform can help connect investment with industrial partnerships, management expertise and export opportunities. Measurable milestones, rather than headline commitments alone, will be central to its long-term impact.

Logistics: linking inland terminals to global trade

A particularly concrete development came on 3 June 2026, when Oman’s Asyad Group announced its acquisition of controlling interests in two Uzbek logistics platforms, Universal Logistics Services and Highway Logistics Center, through a transaction involving Orient Group and UzOman. According to Asyad, the two assets account for approximately 25 per cent of Uzbekistan’s railway container traffic. This was a completed transaction, not merely an expression of interest, and it creates an opportunity to connect Uzbekistan’s inland logistics facilities with Asyad’s international network.

Oman’s ports of Duqm, Sohar and Salalah could offer Uzbekistan additional gateways to overseas markets. Yet the existence of port infrastructure does not automatically make a route competitive. For landlocked Uzbekistan, transit arrangements, border formalities, total freight charges, shipment volumes and delivery times are decisive. The value of a new corridor should therefore be tested through pilot shipments of textiles, processed foods, chemicals and manufactured goods, with transparent comparisons of door-to-door costs against established routes.

Digital exchanges between terminals, ports and customs authorities could make such routes more predictable. If successful, logistics cooperation would mean more than asset ownership: it would offer exporters a practical choice of routes and strengthen supply-chain resilience.

Economic zones as a platform for industrial partnerships

Fresh discussions in Muscat on 10 November highlighted another area of potential cooperation. Qais bin Mohammed Al Yousef, Chairman of Oman’s Public Authority for Special Economic Zones and Free Zones, met a delegation from Uzbekistan’s Ministry of Investment, Industry and Trade. According to the Omani account, the parties explored export-oriented manufacturing, investment facilitation and the exchange of experience in managing economic and free zones.

The talks also considered trade, distribution and logistics centres for Uzbek products in Oman, connected to logistics hubs in Uzbekistan. A joint roadmap, a possible working group and a draft memorandum of understanding were discussed. These remain proposals under consideration; no signed agreement was announced in the reports reviewed.

The discussions come ahead of the Uzbekistan-Oman Business Forum scheduled for 16-17 November in Muscat, alongside a Made in Uzbekistan exhibition. The announced programme covers investment and trade, transport corridors, energy including renewables, mining and chemicals, agriculture, food security and tourism. The forum’s success will ultimately depend on whether business contacts lead to supply contracts, co-investment and commercially viable projects.

Sustainable development and people-to-people ties

Uzbekistan’s development priorities under the Uzbekistan-2030 Strategy and Oman Vision 2040 share a strong emphasis on diversification, efficient resource use and modern technology. Both countries face challenges related to arid climates, water scarcity and extreme heat. Environmental cooperation is therefore closely linked to economic resilience.

During Oman Climate Week in September 2026, Uzbek and Omani representatives discussed desalination, wastewater treatment and reuse, salt-resilient agriculture, ecosystem restoration, youth exchanges and measures to address desertification. These areas align with several United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, including clean water, affordable and clean energy, responsible production, climate action and partnerships. Their practical value, however, should be assessed through measurable improvements, such as water saved, energy efficiency gains, technologies deployed and specialists trained.

People-to-people links can reinforce this cooperation. The launch of direct Muscat-Tashkent flights in July has made travel more convenient for businesses and visitors. Shared interest in cultural heritage, pilgrimage tourism, academic exchanges and museum partnerships offers further scope for sustained interaction between the two societies.

A practical agenda for the next stage

Four steps could help turn opportunity into lasting results. First, the two countries could maintain a joint list of priority investment projects, recording responsible institutions, financing sources, deadlines and implementation status. Second, logistics projects should be accompanied by trial shipments, comparative freight calculations and digital information exchange among ports, terminals and customs services.

Third, cooperation between economic zones could focus on export manufacturing, product certification, workforce development and streamlined investor services. Fourth, joint water and energy projects should be evaluated through clear, publicly understandable performance indicators. Such an approach would make it easier to distinguish announcements from achievements and ensure that cooperation responds to the needs of businesses and communities.

Uzbekistan and Oman have a solid basis for a long-term partnership. The next measure of success will be their ability to translate political trust into operational enterprises, reliable trade routes and stronger economic opportunities. That is also where the lasting significance of the forthcoming high-level dialogue will lie.

Jakhongir Isaev
Head of Department, NGO Center for Sustainable Development

For Uzbekistan, partnership with Oman brings together two long-term objectives: attracting capital into the national economy and expanding access for Uzbek products to markets in the Gulf and East Africa. Investment cooperation has already delivered completed projects, while an Omani operator’s acquisition of freight terminals in Tashkent has established a logistical foundation for the next phase. Ahead of President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev’s visit to Muscat, the priority is to connect these opportunities with new manufacturing facilities and regular shipments.

Top-level dialogue has set specific sectoral priorities for this agenda. In March 2026, Shavkat Mirziyoyev and Sultan Haitham bin Tarik Al Said discussed the regional situation and the forthcoming visit to Muscat. In June, while receiving Oman’s Minister of Economy at the Tashkent International Investment Forum, the President of Uzbekistan paid particular attention to projects in transport and logistics, geology, e-commerce and digital infrastructure.

Talks held in Muscat in September by Minister of Investment, Industry and Trade Laziz Kudratov continued this work at the level of government agencies and companies. The parties discussed industrial projects, market access conditions for goods and the use of Omani ports.

Uzbekistan and Oman have an investment mechanism established well before the current expansion of their cooperation agenda. The decision to establish the Uzbek–Oman Investment Company was taken in 2009. Its charter capital now stands at $266 million. Under bilateral cooperation, 12 projects worth a total of $510.8 million have been completed, while a further 16 projects worth $936.3 million are being implemented. The experience gained provides a basis for investing across a wider range of sectors and involving industrial companies from third countries.

In February 2026, the Uzbek–Oman Investment Company and Türkiye’s Hektaş signed an agreement to establish an agrochemical production facility in the Tashkent region, with planned investment of approximately $75 million. Meanwhile, Suhail Bahwan Group is exploring participation in Max Copper, and OQ Group is examining a project to develop battery energy storage systems (BESS). These initiatives are at different stages. Agreement on their commercial and technical parameters will pave the way for increased copper tube production and new capacity in Uzbekistan’s chemical industry.

The industrial agenda is supported by a logistics transaction that has already been completed. In June, Asyad Group, with the participation of Uzbek partners, acquired controlling stakes in Universal Logistics Services and Highway Logistics Center. These Tashkent facilities handle around a quarter of Uzbekistan’s rail container traffic. Their integration into the Omani operator’s network enables practical work on through-freight services connecting to the ports of Sohar, Duqm and Salalah. The establishment of logistics centres in Uzbekistan’s regions is also under consideration to expand export cargo consolidation capacity.

Bilateral trade is already beginning to realise its considerable potential. In January–September 2026, trade turnover rose to 3.4 times the level recorded in the same period of the previous year. Companies are discussing supplies of Uzbek electrical and textile products and dried fruit, as well as Omani food and polymer products. Broadening the product range and moving to contracts for regular deliveries will help sustain this growth and build a cargo base for new routes.

At the same time, the parties are preparing intergovernmental arrangements. The agenda includes a preferential trade agreement, an update to the agreement on investment promotion and protection, the establishment of a business council and the next meeting of the intergovernmental commission. Work on product lists, tariffs, rules of origin and certification is intended to make supply conditions more predictable for companies. Direct Muscat–Tashkent flights, operating since July 2026, are already facilitating business contacts.

Transactions in recent years are changing the scale of cooperation. The investment mechanism, industrial initiatives and the Omani operator’s presence in Uzbekistan’s logistics sector enable the two sides to build an integrated chain from manufacturer to overseas buyer. As new manufacturing facilities and regular freight services come on stream, the partnership will expand the geographical reach of Uzbekistan’s exports and strengthen Oman’s economic ties with Central Asia.

Introduction

Effective public administration increasingly relies on measurable results and the efficient use of resources. Presidential Decree No. UP-243 of 6 December 2025 identifies results-based management and the development of regional potential among public administration priorities [4]. These principles are particularly relevant to agriculture, where land, water, labour and production inputs must be managed carefully. Effective management requires not only identifying regional opportunities but also linking each intervention to a specific, measurable outcome. Digital technologies, including unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), can support such decisions by supplying timely and geographically referenced information. Their value is best understood as part of the chain “data — analysis — decision — result,” rather than merely as the introduction of new equipment.

UAVs in Uzbekistan’s Agriculture

Agriculture contributes substantially to Uzbekistan’s economy and employment, while consuming a major share of its water resources [2]. Improving efficiency therefore requires reliable information about field conditions. UAVs can survey extensive areas more rapidly than many conventional ground-based methods, producing digital maps and helping identify crop damage, moisture stress, weeds, diseases and other problems. This information helps direct water, fertilizers, plant protection products and labour to locations where they are needed, rather than applying identical quantities across an entire field. For Uzbekistan, such targeted interventions offer opportunities to reduce unnecessary expenditure and support more efficient management of limited land and water resources.

Monitoring and Precision Agriculture

UAVs equipped with cameras and sensors can monitor plant growth, detect water stress, map weeds and help identify early signs of pests and diseases [1, 3]. These applications support precision agriculture, which treats a field as a set of areas with differing conditions rather than a uniform surface. Instead of applying identical inputs everywhere, farmers can adjust interventions to the needs of each area. UAV observations may also be integrated with satellite imagery, meteorological information and soil-moisture data to provide a broader picture of agricultural land. Combining several sources helps place local observations into context and can improve the timing of farming operations. Scientific reviews also identify applications in monitoring plant development and collecting information relevant to expected yields [1, 3]. The main benefit is therefore not aerial photography itself, but processing, analysing and using the collected information to make practical decisions.

Data-Driven Management Efficiency

The contribution of UAVs should be assessed through their impact on agricultural outcomes. First, aerial monitoring can shorten the time needed to assess large territories. Second, earlier identification of crop damage or moisture shortages may enable more timely responses. Third, spatial data support targeted allocation of scarce inputs. Finally, repeated surveys provide a basis for comparing conditions over time and evaluating the results of previous measures. Data accumulated over several growing periods can also help distinguish persistent problems from temporary conditions. Together, these functions can improve operational planning and the evaluation of results, provided that the collected data inform actual management decisions. The effectiveness of digitalization should thus be measured by changes in resource use, timeliness and production outcomes, not simply by the quantity of equipment acquired.

Legal Framework in Uzbekistan

Uzbekistan has progressively established legal and institutional conditions for agricultural UAV use. Presidential Resolution No. PP-5006 of 24 February 2021 provided for UAV-based monitoring of agricultural land and crops in accordance with established procedures [5]. Cabinet of Ministers Resolution No. 658 of 15 November 2022 set out the general rules governing UAV use and storage [6]. Presidential Decree No. UP-130 of 12 August 2025 further addressed the use of modern technologies in agriculture, including mechanisms for requesting UAV-based services through Agroportal, concluding agreements with service providers and making payments [7]. The 2025 decree reflects attention to the organization and accessibility of drone-based agricultural services through digital tools. Taken together, these instruments illustrate the gradual development of legal and institutional mechanisms for using UAVs in the agricultural sector.

Conclusion

UAVs can strengthen agricultural monitoring, precision farming and resource allocation in Uzbekistan. Their potential, however, depends on combining aerial observations with other digital sources and translating the findings into timely action. UAVs should therefore complement existing agricultural practices rather than be treated as stand-alone solutions. Combining these sources can help farmers identify problems earlier, select appropriate interventions and examine their effects over time. The key measure of success is not the number of drones deployed, but verifiable improvements in the use of water and other resources, production processes and management decisions. In this respect, drone technologies are best understood as an enabling tool for results-oriented agricultural management.

Odil Nabiev

Staff Member of the Agency for Public Administration Efficiency

under the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan

Renowned Omani writer Jokha Alharthi:

“We clung so tightly to the wings of the delicate bird of life that they melted in our hands. Then, having drunk the blood of the very bird we had destroyed, we told ourselves: ‘We will carry on regardless.’”

How profoundly true these words are. In her works, the writer explores universal human values. Indeed, as long as a nation has a true poet or writer, there is little reason to fear for its future. A genuine creator lives not merely with personal concerns, but with the aspirations and struggles of an entire nation.

In this regard, Jokha Alharthi is one of those writers whose work is imbued with a deep love for her homeland and people. In 2019, she was awarded the prestigious International Booker Prize. It would be no exaggeration to say that this was not only a personal triumph for the writer, but also a remarkable achievement for Omani literature as a whole.

The peoples of Uzbekistan and Oman share not only literary ties but also longstanding cultural relations. Both countries possess a distinctive historical experience, a rich spiritual heritage and ancient cultural traditions. On one side are the ancient civilisations of Central Asia, cities shaped at the crossroads of the Great Silk Road, and the rich traditions of maqom music and epic storytelling. On the other are the historical heritage of the Arabian Peninsula, its rich oral literary traditions and distinctive artistic culture. I believe that the meeting of these two cultural worlds is particularly significant, as it creates new opportunities for mutual understanding, learning and appreciation.

Today, cultural cooperation between our two countries continues to develop steadily on the basis of a number of agreements signed at the governmental level. Another important dimension of these relations is cooperation within international platforms for cultural dialogue. In particular, collaboration within the framework of the Islamic World Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (ICESCO) helps

integrate the cultural ties between our countries into broader international processes. After all, universal human values, the preservation of historical heritage and respect for cultural diversity are shared principles that bring nations closer together.

The international cultural events held in our country are a practical reflection of the positive relations between Uzbekistan and the Sultanate of Oman. Of particular note is the regular participation of Omani representatives in Uzbekistan's traditional international festivals, including Sharq Taronalari, the Maqom Festival and the Bakhshi Festival, as well as international handicrafts gatherings. These events are far more than platforms for showcasing artistic achievements. They reveal the musical traditions, creative perspectives and national identities of different peoples. The sound of melodies and songs from different countries on a single stage, and the presentation of diverse handicraft traditions at one exhibition, once again demonstrate the boundless nature of culture.

As you may know, on 22 June 2021, I held a meeting with the Ambassador of the Sultanate of Oman to Uzbekistan, during which we discussed the development of bilateral cultural relations. The meeting focused on the current state of cooperation in culture and the arts, its future prospects and emerging opportunities. The importance of such meetings lies not only in reviewing existing relations, but also in identifying new avenues for future cooperation.

At present, the possibility of signing a Memorandum of Understanding on cooperation in the field of culture between the governments of Uzbekistan and Oman is being explored. The essence of this initiative is to establish an even clearer and more sustainable legal framework for cultural relations between our two countries. The proposed document envisages the development of cultural events, programmes and projects; the establishment of information exchange between professionals, specialists, institutions and organisations in the sector; and the promotion of direct contacts between them.

Of particular importance is the organisation of Days of Culture between the two countries, which would provide an opportunity for our peoples to discover each other's customs and traditions. The role of such events is truly invaluable. In particular,

introducing the people of Oman to Uzbekistan's art and culture, while bringing Oman's rich cultural heritage closer to the people of Uzbekistan, will undoubtedly strengthen the spiritual bonds between our nations.

It is no coincidence that the draft Memorandum also devotes special attention to cooperation in the field of librarianship. Books and manuscripts are unique sources that preserve the historical memory of every nation. Their preservation, restoration, protection and digitisation through modern technologies are among the essential conditions for passing cultural heritage on to future generations. Therefore, establishing an exchange of experience and information between libraries and relevant institutions in the two countries is of great importance.

A vivid example of the practical dimension of cultural relations between Uzbekistan and Oman was the International Festival of Bakhshi Art, held from 26 to 30 April 2025 in Khiva, the ancient yet ever-young city of the Khorezm region. The participation of the Al-Shahba ensemble from the Sultanate of Oman demonstrated the genuine interest and attention that Omani representatives give to major cultural events in our country. It also reflects the warm attitude of Oman towards Uzbekistan.

I regard international cooperation in the field of culture first and foremost as an important spiritual process that serves to strengthen mutual understanding and respect between peoples. After all, the strength of relations between states is measured not only by official documents and meetings, but also by the trust and respect that people hold for one another in their hearts.

May the friendship between the peoples of Uzbekistan and Oman, whose literature and art are becoming increasingly intertwined, endure forever!

Ozodbek Nazarbekov Minister of Culture of the Republic of Uzbekistan

There is a country in Southwest Asia that borders Syria to the north, Iraq to the east, Saudi Arabia to the south and southeast, and Israel and Palestine to the west. Its people have a deep appreciation for words and music. They are exceptionally hospitable and passionate about the arts. Have you guessed which country I am referring to? It is Jordan.

In recent years, both economic ties and cultural relations between Uzbekistan and Jordan have reached a new level. Although geographically situated in different regions, the two countries are united by shared values: respect for history, devotion to spiritual heritage, and a profound appreciation for knowledge, education and the arts.

It is no secret that cultural and artistic relations between Uzbekistan and Jordan have been developing steadily in recent years, gaining new substance and opening up fresh opportunities. In particular, the regular participation of Jordanian representatives in international forums and festivals held in our country contributes to strengthening mutual respect and trust between our two peoples.

On 3 October 2024, during our meeting with Her Royal Highness Princess Dana Firas of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, we also discussed the prospects for further cooperation. Particular attention was given to joint educational programmes, projects involving tangible and intangible cultural heritage, creative exchanges and the development of creative industries. We also noted with satisfaction the growing cooperation within the framework of the Islamic World Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (ICESCO).

The participation of Jordanian representatives in the international cultural forum

*“Central Asia at the Crossroads of World Civilisations”*, held in Khiva on 14–16 September 2021, contributed to expanding cultural dialogue between the two regions. It would be no exaggeration to say that Khiva, which holds a special place in world civilisation thanks to its historical legacy and architectural heritage, is an ideal setting for such a dialogue.

The participation of Jordanian representatives in the International Lazgi Dance Festival, held on 25–30 April 2022, as well as in its subsequent edition in 2024,

demonstrates the continuity of our creative ties. Furthermore, the participation of Jordanian representatives in the International Maqom Art Festival, held in Zomin on 26–28 June 2024, created another opportunity for dialogue through our musical heritage. A person listening to maqom may not understand the language in which it is performed, yet they can feel the emotion, elegance and philosophy conveyed through its melodies. This is precisely where the greatness of art lies: it awakens a love of music in

the hearts of people from different nations.

The participation of a Jordanian representative in the international music festival

*“Sharq Taronalari”*, held in Samarkand on 26–30 August this year, also contributed to introducing and sharing the musical traditions of Eastern peoples.

The active participation of Jordanian journalists in the 4th International Festival of Bakhshi Art, organised in Khiva on 26–28 April 2025, revealed another important dimension of cultural dialogue. The art of bakhshi is the historical memory of our people, preserving and conveying their dreams, aspirations and spiritual values across the centuries. Journalism and information exchange also play a significant role in bringing this art to international audiences. After all, introducing one nation's artistic heritage to another is itself an important step towards cultural rapprochement.

Another significant event was the participation of a Jordanian delegation led by Minister of Culture M. Al-Rawashdeh in the opening ceremony of the events marking

*“Samarkand — Cultural Capital of the Islamic World 2025”*, held in Samarkand on 26–28 May 2025.

Indeed, we must not limit ourselves to preserving historical values merely as relics of the past. It is essential to make them meaningful, engaging and relevant to today's generation. In this regard, cooperation between specialists from Uzbekistan and Jordan could create new opportunities for innovative ideas and initiatives.

Cooperation in the fields of creative industries and cultural tourism is also particularly promising. After all, integrating culture into economic and social life further strengthens its role in the development of society.

The results of cultural cooperation cannot be measured solely by the number of festivals or meetings held. I believe its true impact becomes evident when the art of one

nation finds a place in the hearts of another, when new creative connections emerge among young people, and when the preservation of cultural heritage is recognised as a shared responsibility.

I sincerely hope that cultural relations between Uzbekistan and Jordan will continue to grow and develop in this spirit. For us, culture is not merely a means of remembering the past; it is a spiritual force that enables us to build the future together.

Geographical boundaries may determine the distance between countries, but it is culture that brings peoples closer together. And the most beautiful aspect of this closeness is that it allows one nation to understand the spiritual world of another without losing its own identity.

Ozodbek Nazarbekov Minister of Culture of the Republic of Uzbekistan

Expanding trade ties and joint manufacturing projects are emerging as promising areas of cooperation between the two countries.

New Opportunities for Economic Dialogue

Relations between Uzbekistan and Jordan are gaining new practical momentum. The structure of the two economies and their links to international markets create opportunities for mutually beneficial cooperation. Uzbekistan is expanding industrial and agricultural production and strengthening its export potential, while Jordan has extensive experience in the chemical industry, pharmaceuticals, logistics and international trade. This provides a foundation for a partnership that goes beyond bilateral trade and focuses on joint manufacturing.

The planned visit of President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev to Jordan on November 23–24 opens up new opportunities for further developing bilateral cooperation. Ahead of the visit, particular importance is being attached to expanding trade ties, advancing joint investment projects and strengthening direct contacts between the business communities of the two countries.

Diplomatic relations between Uzbekistan and Jordan were established on February 15, 1993. A new phase in bilateral relations began with the state visit of King Abdullah II ibn Al Hussein of Jordan to Uzbekistan in August 2025. Following negotiations in Samarkand, 15 bilateral documents were signed, covering the mutual promotion and protection of investments, the establishment of a joint commission, and cooperation in tourism, agriculture, higher education and other areas. These agreements established an institutional foundation for the further development of economic dialogue.

Steady Expansion of Trade Relations

Between 2017 and 2025, bilateral trade between Uzbekistan and Jordan increased from $850 thousand to $8.53 million, representing an almost tenfold increase. During this period, Uzbekistan's exports rose from $100 thousand to $5.42 million, while imports increased from $750 thousand to $3.11 million. In 2025 alone, bilateral trade grew by 79.2%, with Uzbekistan recording a positive trade balance of $2.31 million for the first time.

In 2025, food products accounted for 94.2% of Uzbekistan's exports to Jordan. The main export items included biscuits, wafers and other confectionery products, dried fruits and raisins. Imports from Jordan consisted primarily of crop protection products, pharmaceuticals and chemical products. This indicates considerable opportunities to diversify the range of goods traded between the two countries.

Opportunities for Uzbek Products in the Jordanian Market

Jordan has an economy that is open to international trade. In 2025, the country's total foreign trade reached $43.9 billion, including $29 billion in imports. Jordan has trade agreements with the United States and several other partners, while the Port of Aqaba plays an important role in regional logistics. These factors make the country a promising market for Uzbek exporters.

According to an analysis by the Center for Economic Research and Reforms (CERR), Jordan's total imports in product categories where Uzbekistan has export potential amounted to approximately $8.9 billion in 2025. This represented 31% of Jordan's total imports and indicates substantial market opportunities for Uzbek producers.

In particular, in 2025 Jordan imported $1.3 billion worth of electrical machinery and equipment, $942.5 million in plastics and plastic articles, $747.5 million in knitted fabrics, $419.5 million in fruits and nuts, and $288.2 million in copper and copper products. Uzbekistan already exports some of these products to international markets in significant volumes. In this regard, it would be worthwhile to explore specific opportunities for supplying electrical equipment, textiles, food products, metals and chemical products to the Jordanian market.

Product certification, the establishment of trading houses, stronger contacts with local distributors and the organization of business forums are important for expanding the geographical reach of exports. Such cooperation would help increase the presence of Uzbek products in the Jordanian market.

Investment and Joint Industrial Projects

There are 18 enterprises with Jordanian capital registered in Uzbekistan. Of these, 4 are joint ventures, while 14 are wholly owned by Jordanian investors. Their activities reflect the emerging practical ties between the business communities of the two countries. The agreement on the mutual promotion and protection of investments, signed in 2025, provides additional legal opportunities for implementing new joint projects.

The textile industry is one of the promising areas for industrial cooperation. Exploring opportunities to establish garment manufacturing enterprises in Jordan's industrial zones using Uzbek yarn and knitted fabrics is of particular interest. Jordan's trade agreements with international partners could offer additional advantages, although access to the relevant preferences depends on compliance with rules of origin and other applicable requirements.

In the chemical industry, Jordan's phosphate and potash resources and Uzbekistan's experience in manufacturing mineral fertilizers offer complementary advantages. There is potential to explore cooperation with Jordan Phosphate Mines Company and Arab Potash Company in the production of compound mineral fertilizers.

Further opportunities are emerging in the pharmaceutical industry. Jordan has a well-developed pharmaceutical manufacturing base, with approximately 75% of its pharmaceutical output exported. Cooperation with companies such as Hikma Pharmaceuticals could include localizing the production of medicines in Uzbekistan, exchanging technologies and expertise in quality standards, and organizing supplies of finished products to Central Asian markets. The implementation of such projects would depend on investment conditions, regulatory requirements and commercial agreements.

Joint initiatives could contribute to the integration of production chains, greater technological exchange and the development of new export opportunities.

Logistics, Water Management and Tourism

The Port of Aqaba and Jordan's free economic zone offer new opportunities for storing, distributing and delivering Uzbek products to regional buyers. The potential establishment of a trading house and warehouse infrastructure in this zone could be of practical interest to businesses in both countries.

Cooperation in water management is also of practical importance. Jordan, which faces severe water scarcity, has accumulated experience in wastewater treatment and reuse technologies, as well as in reducing losses in water distribution networks. The As-Samra Wastewater Treatment Plant has a treatment capacity of 365 thousand cubic meters of wastewater per day. Uzbekistan could benefit from exchanging experience in digital water metering, pressure management in distribution networks and the reuse of treated wastewater.

In tourism, opportunities exist to promote pilgrimage routes in the Jordanian market covering Samarkand, Bukhara and the Imam Bukhari Complex, establish ties between tour operators and train personnel for the hospitality industry. At the same time, service quality, convenient air connections and the development of digital information platforms remain important factors.

Priorities for Further Cooperation

High-level negotiations and the documents signed in 2025 have laid the foundation for a new practical phase in relations between Uzbekistan and Jordan. The business forum and exhibition scheduled to take place in Amman in November 2026 are expected to create additional opportunities for expanding direct contacts between companies from the two countries.

Diversifying the range of traded goods, increasing the number of direct trade contracts and developing joint industrial projects are promising directions for economic partnership. Uzbekistan's manufacturing potential, combined with Jordan's experience in international trade and industry, opens up new economic opportunities for both countries.

The upcoming high-level dialogue in Amman is expected to give further practical impetus to cooperation in trade, investment, industrial collaboration and services. Bringing together the economic strengths of the two countries will provide a solid foundation for a long-term and mutually beneficial partnership.

Latofat Burieva,

Center for Economic Research and Reforms

Tackling climate change is no longer only an environmental necessity.It has become an important factor that determines the economic competitiveness of states, their energy security and their potential for international cooperation. In this context, the 31st Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP31) could open up new opportunities for Uzbekistan to strengthen its international climate diplomacy, attract green investment and accelerate sustainable economic development.

Climate diplomacy: from the global agenda to national interests

Over the past few years climate change has moved to the top of the international relations agenda. Rising global temperatures, shrinking water resources, droughts and more frequent extreme weather events call for more than domestic measures. States also need a coordinated international policy.

For Central Asia the consequences of climate change are particularly serious. Among the region's most pressing tasks are the careful use of water, preventing desertification, adapting agriculture to new climatic conditions and modernizing energy systems.

Uzbekistan takes an active part in these processes and seeks to link the climate agenda with its foreign policy, economic reforms and regional cooperation.

COP31 could become an important diplomatic platform for promoting this approach internationally. Issues of climate finance, the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, adaptation to climate change and the development of environmental technologies are of particular importance from the standpoint of Uzbekistan’s national interests.

Uzbekistan's place in international climate policy

As a party to the Paris Agreement, Uzbekistan pursues a policy aimed at meeting its international commitments on climate action.

The country is carrying out reforms to expand renewable energy, improve energy efficiency, use natural resources more rationally and make economic sectors environmentally sustainable.

Climate diplomacy has a special role in this process. Modern climate policy goes beyond taking part in international agreements. It also involves bringing in advanced technologies, expanding cooperation with international financial institutions, defending national interests and advancing regional initiatives.

Uzbekistan's initiatives to improve the environmental situation in the Aral Sea region are a good example. Mitigating the environmental and social consequences of the Aral Sea tragedy, improving the living conditions of the population and creating opportunities for the sustainable development of the region remain priority areas of international cooperation.

COP31 offers a chance to present this experience to the international community and to attract additional financial and technological resources for projects in the Aral Sea region.

The green economy: a new model of sustainable growth

The shift to a green economy is becoming increasingly important for Uzbekistan's long-term economic development.

The traditional growth model often relies on heavy consumption of energy and natural resources. A green economy, by contrast, seeks to sustain economic development through efficient use of resources, lower environmental impact and the adoption of innovative technologies.

The solar and wind energy projects under way in Uzbekistan are a practical expression of this transformation.

The country's solar potential, the prospects for wind power in certain regions and growing electricity demand together create favourable conditions for investment in renewable energy.

The green economy is not limited to the energy sector, though. Energy-saving technologies at industrial enterprises, wider use of water-saving irrigation, cleaner transport, waste recycling and the modernization of urban infrastructure are also an integral part of the process.

Just as significant, the move to a green economy creates new jobs, accelerates technological modernization and makes domestic products more competitive on foreign markets.

Climate finance and international investment: what opportunities does COP31 open up?

Building a green economy requires substantial investment. For this reason climate finance may turn out to be one of the most important items on Uzbekistan's COP31 agenda.

Cooperation with international financial institutions, development banks and private investors creates additional opportunities to carry out environmental projects in the country.

Of particular importance is broadening the range of funding sources through green bonds, concessional loans, grants, public-private partnership mechanisms and international climate funds.

Attracting investment is not enough on its own, however. Projects also have to be economically viable, their environmental results must be measurable, and they need to be transparent and in line with international standards.

Seen this way, COP31 could serve Uzbekistan as a venue for presenting concrete investment proposals to international partners, negotiating promising projects and building new partnerships.

Projects in water-saving technologies, renewable energy, climate-resilient agriculture and environmental infrastructure are especially relevant.

Strengthening regional climate cooperation in Central Asia

Climate change knows no national borders. Joint action against environmental threats is therefore of strategic importance for the countries of Central Asia.

The region's water resources, transboundary rivers, energy systems and agriculture are closely interconnected. An environmental problem that arises in one country can affect the economic and social life of its neighbours.

Uzbekistan is in a position to strengthen regional dialogue, develop mutually beneficial cooperation on water and energy, and promote joint initiatives on climate adaptation.

Participation in COP31 could bring several important results: putting the shared environmental interests of Central Asian states on the international agenda, expanding data exchange for assessing climate risks and attracting financial resources for regional projects.

Uzbekistan's active involvement in these processes will further strengthen its standing in regional climate diplomacy.

Adapting to climate change: people's well-being comes first

The effectiveness of climate policy is not measured solely by reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. One of its key criteria is how much more resilient people's lives and the economy become in the face of climate risks.

In Uzbekistan's case this means, above all, adapting to water scarcity, maintaining crop yields, reducing the health impact of heatwaves and being better prepared for natural disasters.

An effective adaptation policy depends on scientific research, modern monitoring systems and well-trained specialists.

It is equally necessary to give local communities, young people, women, entrepreneurs and civil society institutions a greater say in environmental decision-making.

After all, the main purpose of the green transition is not only to improve environmental indicators but also to create a safe, healthy and sustainable living environment for people.

Tasks after COP31: from initiatives to practical results

The value of international climate conferences lies not only in the statements adopted there but also in how the agreements reached are put into practice.

It is therefore important for Uzbekistan to orient its participation in COP31 towards tangible economic and institutional results.

The priorities remain building a portfolio of investment-ready green projects, developing the capacity to use international financing mechanisms, ensuring reliable environmental data and strengthening cooperation between the public and private sectors.

Also important are training national experts in climate diplomacy, using evidence-based approaches in international negotiations and adapting the best foreign practices to national conditions.

COP31 thus gives Uzbekistan an opportunity to take its participation in international climate diplomacy to a new level and to accelerate the transition to a green economy.

The country's natural resource potential, its ongoing economic reforms and its openness to international cooperation provide a solid foundation for this.

The main task now is to align global climate initiatives with the specific needs of the national economy, turn international agreements into practical projects and connect environmental sustainability with people's well-being.

Ultimately, green development is not only a responsibility to future generations but also a matter of making rational use of today’s economic opportunities, enhancing the country’s competitiveness and laying the foundation for a sustainable future.

Associate Professor of the Department

of International Economics at UWED

Suriya Turaeva

Today, developing international freight transport, ensuring supply chain resilience, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions are becoming interconnected objectives. The "Global Green Shipping Corridors Initiative" enables the integration of transport infrastructure, clean energy, digitalization, and environmental sustainability through practical projects.

For landlocked Uzbekistan, the efficiency of international corridors is of particular importance. The fast and reliable delivery of goods to their destination largely depends on coordination with transit countries. Every extra hour spent in transit and at the border translates into additional costs, higher fuel consumption, and harmful atmospheric emissions.

This heightens the need to ensure environmental sustainability alongside economic efficiency in the transport sector. Specifically, in line with its updated Nationally Determined Contribution under the Paris Agreement, Uzbekistan aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions per unit of GDP by 50 percent by 2035 compared to 2010 levels. Digitalizing transport, streamlining border-crossing procedures, and expanding low-carbon freight transport will help achieve this goal.

Transport cooperation between Uzbekistan and Türkiye provides a solid foundation for jointly developing practical solutions in this area.

In the first nine months of 2026, freight volume between the two countries totaled 700,000 tons. Of this total freight volume, more than 80 percent was transported by road. This high share of road transport highlights the critical importance of improving border-crossing processes.

At the same time, border-crossing delays in international transport lead to longer delivery times, additional costs, and increased fuel consumption. This negatively affects the quality preservation of perishable goods in particular, driving up their production costs as well as harmful atmospheric emissions. Therefore, streamlining border procedures and coordinating transport operations among transit countries are vital for boosting the economic and environmental efficiency of transport corridors.

In this regard, the Memorandum of Understanding on International Transport Corridors and the Improvement of Existing Practices, signed on January 29, 2026, in Ankara between the transport ministries of Uzbekistan and Türkiye, holds special significance.

The memorandum designates "green" transport solutions as a standalone area of cooperation. It envisions supporting rail transport as a low-carbon alternative mode of transport, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and developing the Middle Corridor into an eco-friendly logistics route. These objectives directly align with the goals of the "Global Green Shipping Corridors Initiative".

The potential of the Middle Corridor, specifically highlighted in the memorandum, is also reflected in growing freight volumes. The volume of Uzbek cargo transported along this route doubled compared to 2021 levels, reaching 1.2 million tons in 2025. Its share in freight transport with European Union countries rose from 12 percent to 28 percent.

Turkiye's accession to the Protocol of the Five-Party Meeting on the Development of the "Asia-Pacific Countries – China – Kyrgyzstan – Uzbekistan – Turkmenistan – Azerbaijan – Georgia – Türkiye – Europe" International Multimodal Transport Corridor (CASCA+) plays a major role in achieving this result.

Under the protocol, the annual tariff discounts offered for rail transport are boosting the corridor's competitiveness. Consistently maintaining these discounts, expanding block-train services, and coordinating port operations will help attract cargo flows to low-carbon transport.

Notably, at the Organization of Turkic States summit held in Ankara this October, President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev emphasized the need to transform the Middle Corridor and its adjacent transport routes into an integrated economic system. To this end, he proposed establishing and jointly managing a "Network of Logistics Complexes of the Turkic States".

Digitalization also remains an indispensable tool for "green" logistics in expediting border crossings and coordinating cargo flows. Together with Türkiye, Uzbekistan was among the first in the world to introduce the e-Permit electronic permit system, which is now being successfully used with China as well. Furthermore, in partnership with Azerbaijan, eTIR technology was implemented for the first time globally, and work is currently underway to adopt the e-CMR electronic consignment note.

Concrete practical steps are needed to build on the results achieved and address the aforementioned challenges. Additionally, the Joint Working Group, established under a memorandum between the transport ministries of Uzbekistan and Türkiye, serves as a vital mechanism for pursuing mutually beneficial goals. Through the joint efforts of this working group and the relevant authorities, it is proposed to strengthen cooperation in three priority areas.

The first area involves introducing a dedicated fast-track mechanism based on the "green corridor" principle for perishable goods along the Türkiye–Iran–Turkmenistan–Uzbekistan route.

The second area focuses on launching container block-train services between Türkiye and Uzbekistan along this route and developing cooperation mechanisms to conduct pilot shipments.

The third area entails exploring with partner countries the possibility of evaluating transport operations along the Middle Corridor and CASCA+ as a "green" pilot route within the framework of the "Global Green Shipping Corridors Initiative." This envisions coordinating rail, road, and maritime transport, pre-booking spaces on ferries, and introducing an electronic queuing system.

In conclusion, translating agreements into concrete projects and strengthening cooperation with transit countries will help jointly reduce transit times, costs, and greenhouse gas emissions. In this regard, Uzbekistan remains open to dialogue, sharing expertise, and implementing joint initiatives.

1. Abdugapparov, Leading Specialist at the Center for the Study of Transport and Logistics Development Problems under the Ministry of Transport of the Republic of Uzbekistan

"The issue of water scarcity is becoming increasingly urgent worldwide. Therefore, from the very first days of our reforms, we have made the rational use of water a priority of state policy."

Shavkat Mirziyoyev,
President of the Republic of Uzbekistan

Water is our most priceless blessing. Wherever it flows, there is life, prosperity, and well-being. Since ancient times, human civilization has taken shape along the water's edge, where cities have risen and agriculture has flourished. Water is not only a daily human necessity, but also a strategic asset that shapes the development of nations and the future of peoples.

However, water, which has been a source of life for centuries, is today becoming a serious challenge for humanity. Climate change, rising global temperatures, shrinking glaciers, and intensifying droughts demand a fundamental reassessment of our approach to water resources.

This issue holds particular significance for Uzbekistan. Nearly 90 percent of the water resources used in our country are allocated to agriculture. Amid a growing population and rising economic demand for water, conserving every cubic meter is a vital necessity.

Scheduled to take place in Antalya, Türkiye, from November 9 to 20 this year, the 31st Conference of the Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP31)  will serve as an important platform for discussing these issues on an international scale.

As part of the conference, a summit of heads of state and government is scheduled for November 11–12. For Uzbekistan, this prestigious event will serve as another opportunity to showcase our country's practical experience in climate change adaptation, rational water management, and environmental sustainability to the international community, as well as to discuss new avenues of cooperation.

Water Conservation: A Strategic Goal and Practical Outcome

At the ceremonial event dedicated to the 35th anniversary of our country's independence, President Shavkat Mirziyoyev outlined the priority tasks of the fourth national program, which is aimed at fundamentally changing our attitude toward water and nature. A goal has been set to expand the coverage of croplands with water-saving technologies to 100 percent over the next five years. This means transforming water conservation from an isolated best practice into a universal standard for irrigated agriculture.

Let us analyze the results. For the 2026 growing season, the water withdrawal limit for economic sectors was set at 32.6 billion cubic meters, while 34.2 billion cubic meters of water resources were actually supplied (105 percent of the established limit).

From January to October 2026, 10.69 billion cubic meters of water were saved across the Republic of Karakalpakstan and the regions by implementing the following measures. Specifically:

- 4.935 billion cubic meters through the introduction of water-saving technologies and laser land leveling;

- 3.14 billion cubic meters by repairing, restoring, and lining irrigation networks with concrete;

- 670 million cubic meters through the adoption of digital technologies;

- 1.945 billion cubic meters of water were saved by increasing the share of drought-tolerant crops and implementing additional agrotechnical practices across farmlands.

While water-saving technologies were used on just 28,000 hectares in 2017, their coverage has now reached 2.8 million hectares—nearly 65 percent of all irrigated land.

During the first ten months of this year, water-saving technologies and laser land leveling were implemented across 654,000 hectares.

Specifically, drip irrigation was introduced on 144,000 hectares, and sprinkler irrigation on 28,000 hectares. Surge irrigation and flexible pipe methods were applied on another 110,000 hectares, while plastic mulch irrigation was established on 70,000 hectares.

Furthermore, 302,000 hectares of land were leveled using laser equipment.

Modern Irrigation: A Key Factor in Climate Change Adaptation

Even if water-saving technologies are used in the fields, the expected results cannot be fully achieved if water is lost in transit from the source to the consumer. Therefore, priority is being given to lining canals with concrete, reconstructing hydraulic structures, and modernizing networks.

In 2026, 2.2 trillion soums were allocated for irrigation and land reclamation, resulting in the concrete lining of 1,030 kilometers of inter-farm canals and over 15,000 kilometers of on-farm canals. This helps reduce water seepage into the soil, ensure a stable supply to consumers, and increase the efficiency of existing resource use.

Land Reclamation: A Vital Prerequisite for Food Security

The degradation of irrigated land conditions can lead to lower crop yields, excessive water consumption, and a loss of soil fertility. Therefore, alongside water resource management, Uzbekistan is consistently working to improve the condition of its agricultural lands.

As a result of land reclamation measures implemented during the first ten months of 2026, the total area of saline land in the country decreased by 36,000 hectares compared to the previous year. Notably, heavily and moderately saline areas shrank by 17,000 hectares. Additionally, areas with problematic groundwater levels were reduced by 21,000 hectares.

         Digital Management: Tracking Every Cubic Meter of Water

         The primary prerequisite for effective water resource management is accurate accounting. Without proper measurement, it is impossible to distribute water efficiently or reliably determine the volume of losses.
         To this end, a total of 13,310 "Smart Water" devices have been installed at water management facilities, along with online water meters at 1,915 pumping stations, to track and monitor water resources.

Additionally, 108 major water management facilities have been automated, and an online system for monitoring water levels and volumes has been introduced at 43 large reservoirs.

In collaboration with the Ministry of Digital Technologies and Uzinfocom LLC, the "Water Accounting" information system was integrated with the systems of the Cadastre Agency and the Tax Committee. This has enabled the online generation of water usage statements and the automatic calculation of corresponding taxes.

A "Unified Water Management Platform" has been developed, consolidating all existing information systems in the sector into a single platform.

These upgrades are expanding capabilities to track the movement of water resources in real time, minimize human error in accounting, and make prompt management decisions. Most importantly, digitalization is becoming a vital tool for ensuring accuracy and transparency in water distribution.

 Water and energy conservation: Interconnected tasks

Energy efficiency also plays a crucial role in the development of the water sector. This is because nearly 60 percent of the irrigation water in our country is delivered via pumping stations—a process that consumes vast amounts of electricity.

Modernizing pumping stations, replacing outdated units with energy-efficient equipment, and utilizing renewable energy sources simultaneously deliver both economic and environmental benefits.

Over the first ten months of this year, 172 pumps and 168 electric motors that had reached the end of their service life were replaced across the ministry's system.

To harness alternative energy sources, solar photovoltaic panels with a total capacity of 15,660 kilowatts and 66 capacitor units were installed.

As a result of the measures taken, electricity consumption has been steadily declining. Specifically, while annual electricity consumption at pumping stations stood at 8.3 billion kWh in 2017, this figure is projected to drop to 6.3 billion kWh by 2026. This represents a reduction of 2 billion kWh per year, or nearly 24 percent, compared to 2017.

Regional Cooperation — A Guarantee of Shared Water Security

Transboundary rivers account for a large share of water resources in Central Asia. Therefore, using them rationally, strengthening mutual trust among states, and improving cooperation mechanisms are vital for the region's sustainable development.

On international platforms, President of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev consistently champions the fair and efficient use of water resources, joint adaptation to the impacts of climate change, and environmental sustainability in the Aral Sea region.

Climate change knows no national borders. Shrinking glaciers, droughts, and shifts in river flow affect the entire region. Consequently, mutual trust, science-based decisions, and practical cooperation are crucial for managing transboundary waters.

Uzbekistan to Chair the International Fund for Saving the Aral Sea Starting in 2027

On April 22, 2026, at a meeting of the Council of Heads of Founding States of the International Fund for Saving the Aral Sea (IFAS) in Astana, the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Shavkat Mirziyoyev, was elected President of the Fund for 2027–2029. Consequently, starting in 2027, Uzbekistan will assume the chairmanship of this prestigious regional organization. This opens up new opportunities for our country's initiatives in water diplomacy and ensuring environmental security in Central Asia.

During Uzbekistan's chairmanship, key priorities will include mitigating the consequences of the Aral Sea disaster, ensuring the sustainable management of water resources, adapting to climate change, and strengthening regional cooperation. Our Head of State put forward a series of initiatives to institutionally improve the Fund's operations, modernize its legal and financial mechanisms, attract international investments and grants for environmental and social projects, and enhance the effectiveness of ongoing programs.

Our President also proposed launching the "Water of the Future" ("Kelajak Suvi") regional program, aimed at fostering a culture of sustainable water use and broadly introducing water-saving technologies. This initiative will serve to improve water efficiency in agriculture, boost the exchange of advanced technologies and scientific developments, and instill a responsible attitude toward water resources among the younger generation.

At the same time, an initiative was put forward to declare 2026–2036 as the "Decade of Practical Action for the Rational Use of Water in Central Asia." This proposal aims to unite the efforts of the countries in the region amid growing water scarcity, and to elevate cooperation on the mutually beneficial and efficient use of transboundary water resources to a new level.

COP31: From National Experience to Global Cooperation

The upcoming COP31 conference in Antalya holds great significance in terms of translating international commitments to combat climate change into tangible results.

For Uzbekistan, this forum will serve as a vital platform for dialogue on broadly adopting water-saving technologies, developing modern irrigation systems, enhancing digital governance, building climate-resilient infrastructure, and expanding opportunities for international investment and innovative cooperation.

Our country's experience demonstrates the importance of having a clear goal, a consistent state policy, and a practical implementation mechanism in addressing climate change challenges.

Both the scale and the responsibility of the tasks before us are immense. Further expanding the reach of water-saving technologies, reducing losses in irrigation networks, increasing the energy efficiency of pumping stations, fully digitalizing water accounting, and putting scientific achievements into practice will remain the priority areas of our future work.

Today, water management reforms in Uzbekistan are entering a new phase. Most importantly, the approach to water use is shifting: accounting for, conserving, and efficiently using every cubic meter of water is becoming an integral part of state policy, economic development, and environmental security.

In short, the consistent reforms implemented under the leadership of our President Shavkat Mirziyoyev serve not only to advance our country's prosperity, but also to strengthen mutual trust and cooperation across Central Asia. 

Shavkat Khamraev,
Minister of Water Resources of the Republic of Uzbekistan,
Honored Irrigator of Uzbekistan

Amid rapid geopolitical and geoeconomic change, mutually beneficial cooperation between the countries of Central Asia and the Arabian Peninsula is becoming increasingly important. Expanding trade and economic ties, developing new transport corridors, strengthening investment cooperation and implementing joint projects are creating favourable conditions for a stronger partnership between the two regions.

Against this backdrop, relations between the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Sultanate of Oman are entering a new phase, marked by a shift from traditional diplomatic dialogue to practical cooperation across a broad range of areas.

The policy of openness and economic modernisation pursued under President Shavkat Mirziyoyev provides a solid foundation for this rapprochement. In turn, Oman Vision 2040, implemented under Sultan Haitham bin Tariq Al Said, seeks to advance industry, logistics and tourism and attract foreign investment, reflecting the two countries’ shared approach to sustainable development.

In this context, Uzbekistan could become an important economic partner for Oman in Central Asia, while Oman could become a promising logistics partner for Uzbekistan in the Gulf region. Further potential exists in food security, pharmaceuticals, education, information technology and workforce training.

Under these circumstances, a key priority is to translate political agreements and investment intentions into concrete projects that deliver tangible results. The joint Intergovernmental Commission serves as the main driver and coordinator of this process. This mechanism is intended to connect diplomacy with business, ensuring that agreements are implemented and that both countries’ potential is used effectively.

The talks held in Muscat in September 2026 were a practical step in this direction. The two sides discussed preparations for the sixth meeting of the Intergovernmental Commission, the establishment of a bilateral business council and the organisation of a joint business forum. Particular attention was paid to identifying priority projects and establishing clear mechanisms to monitor their implementation.

The strategic complementarity of the two economies is becoming a major factor bringing the countries closer together. Uzbekistan has considerable industrial and agricultural capacity, a substantial workforce and a strong resource base, while Oman offers well-developed port infrastructure, financial resources and access to international maritime trade routes.

Political dialogue as a foundation for a lasting partnership

Uzbekistan and Oman are developing relations based on mutual respect, trust, equality and consideration for each other’s national interests. Regular high-level and intergovernmental contacts demonstrate both sides’ interest in adding new substance to bilateral ties. The Central Asia–Gulf Cooperation Council dialogue offers further opportunities.

In early 2025, President Shavkat Mirziyoyev received Oman’s Minister of Foreign Affairs, Badr bin Hamad Al Busaidi, who conveyed a personal message from Sultan Haitham bin Tariq Al Said. The two sides discussed trade, economic, investment and financial cooperation, interparliamentary ties, cultural and people-to-people exchanges, and prospects for launching direct air services.

In mid-2025, the President of Uzbekistan met with Oman’s Minister of Commerce, Industry and Investment Promotion, Qais bin Mohammed Al Yousef, on the sidelines of the Tashkent International Investment Forum. Particular attention was paid to joint projects in energy, geology, the food, textile and chemical industries, transport and finance.

A year later, in June 2026, President Shavkat Mirziyoyev received an Omani delegation led by Minister of Economy Khamis bin Saif Al Jabri. The meeting addressed cooperation in transport, logistics, geology, e-commerce and digital infrastructure. Following the talks, the two sides agreed to hold the next meeting of the joint Intergovernmental Commission in Muscat.

As a result, political dialogue has steadily become more substantive, with a focus on specific investment projects, transport routes and mechanisms for expanding trade.

Trade and economic cooperation: significant potential for growth

Bilateral trade has been growing. Nevertheless, despite the favourable political environment, its scale does not yet reflect the economic potential of the two countries.

Uzbekistan can supply the Omani market with textiles, food products, chemicals, electrical goods and agricultural produce. Oman, in turn, can offer petrochemical products, industrial materials and equipment, as well as participation in joint production chains.

Particular importance lies in moving beyond trade transactions to establish manufacturing operations that generate high added value. This would help increase trade and enable companies from both countries to establish a lasting presence in the markets of Central Asia and the Middle East.

In late September 2026, the two sides discussed a proposed preferential trade agreement and an update to the agreement on the promotion and protection of investments. They also considered simplifying certification and customs procedures and establishing joint ventures. Oman’s free economic zones could provide an effective means of putting these plans into practice. This would open up substantial opportunities for Uzbek companies to establish export-oriented production facilities and enter promising markets in the Gulf countries, East Africa and South Asia.

Investment partnership as a key driver of bilateral relations

To attract Omani investment into Uzbekistan’s economy, an Uzbek delegation held talks in Muscat in 2025 with major companies and financial institutions. These included the Oman Investment Authority, Suhail Bahwan Group, Sohar International Bank, Oman Cables, Asyad Group and MB Holding. Projects were also presented in petrochemicals, energy, mining, machinery manufacturing, agriculture, logistics and tourism.

The Uzbek-Oman Investment Company (UzOman) plays an important role, having financed more than ten projects across various sectors of the economy.

Investment cooperation is gradually becoming more systematic, encompassing financing, technology transfer, the establishment of production facilities and specialist training. A notable example is the agri-food technology centre operated by Atyab International Services, a leading Omani testing, inspection and certification body, which has been active in Uzbekistan for two years.

Transport and logistics: new opportunities to access global markets

For landlocked Uzbekistan, diversifying transport routes is strategically important. Oman could become a promising logistics partner for Uzbekistan, providing additional access to international routes through the Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean.

The Uzbekistan–Turkmenistan–Iran–Oman corridor, which envisages multimodal links between Central Asia and the port infrastructure of the Arabian Peninsula, is particularly significant.

On 16 February 2026, representatives of the two countries’ transport authorities discussed cooperation under the Ashgabat Agreement, increasing cargo flows through the ports of Salalah, Sohar and Duqm, and developing multimodal routes. According to the U.S. International Trade Administration, these three deep-water ports connect to 86 ports in 40 countries.

However, putting these transport initiatives into practice will require coordination of transit tariffs, improvements to customs procedures, the digitalisation of transport operations and stronger links between logistics operators.

The strategic objective is to establish Oman as a maritime trade and logistics hub serving Uzbekistan, and Uzbekistan as a link between Oman and Central Asia.

Direct air services as an important step towards closer ties

In the middle of this year, Tashkent International Airport welcomed the first scheduled Oman Air flight on the Muscat–Tashkent route. The service was introduced with three flights per week. Direct air connectivity facilitates business travel, tourism exchanges and contacts between entrepreneurs. It could stimulate Omani interest in Uzbekistan’s historic cities and provide more opportunities for Uzbek citizens to visit Oman.

Direct air services provide an important infrastructure foundation for expanding economic and people-to-people ties.

New horizons for industrial cooperation and the green economy

Uzbekistan is implementing reforms to develop renewable energy, improve energy efficiency and introduce resource-saving technologies. Similar objectives also feature prominently in Oman Vision 2040.

At the beginning of this year, Oman unveiled its Five-Year Development Plan for 2026–2030, which sets a target for average annual economic growth of around 4% and envisages a transition to a low-carbon economy.

In this context, promising areas of cooperation include solar and wind energy, water-saving technologies, environmentally friendly industry, waste recycling and sustainable agriculture. Investment in energy infrastructure, energy storage systems and efficient water use is important for Uzbekistan.

The green economy could become a new area of strategic cooperation, bringing together investment resources, industrial potential and a shared interest in sustainable development. This environmental focus is complemented by a digital agenda encompassing e-commerce, payment systems and logistics platforms.

Cultural and people-to-people ties as a foundation for friendship

Cultural and people-to-people cooperation draws on the rich spiritual heritage and historical contacts between the peoples of Central Asia and the Arabian Peninsula. These traditions provide a favourable basis for expanding cooperation in education, science, culture and tourism.

Pilgrimage and cultural tourism hold particular promise. Samarkand, Bukhara, Khiva and Termez are attractive destinations thanks to their architectural monuments and scholarly heritage. Oman, in turn, offers historic forts, natural attractions and a distinctive culture.

Alongside tourism, people-to-people cooperation is also expanding, with a focus on academic exchanges, joint educational programmes, scientific conferences and contacts between cultural institutions. Last year, 30 women entrepreneurs from Uzbekistan took part in a business forum in Muscat for the first time, broadening business ties between the two countries.

Overall, relations between Uzbekistan and Oman are entering a new stage of development, opening up opportunities to deepen political dialogue, expand economic cooperation and strengthen people-to-people ties. The complementarity of their economic potential and the convergence of their strategic interests are central to success, enabling joint initiatives to strengthen connectivity between Central Asia and the Arabian Peninsula.

Uzbekistan and Oman therefore have all the necessary foundations for a long-term, mutually beneficial and multifaceted partnership that serves the interests of both peoples.

Dilorom Mamatkulova

Leading Research Fellow
Institute for Strategic and Regional Studies

under the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan

The 31st session of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP31) will take place in Antalya, Türkiye, from 9 to 20 November 2026. Uzbekistan will take an active part in this international climate forum, presenting national initiatives, forward-looking projects and practical experience in addressing climate change, protecting the environment and transitioning to a green economy.

One of the main platforms for the country’s participation will be the Uzbekistan National Pavilion, which will operate from 8 to 20 November. It will host an extensive programme of thematic events involving representatives of government agencies, international organisations, financial institutions, the research community, the private sector and young people. The programme will focus on promoting national climate priorities, expanding international partnerships and mobilising investment for environmental and climate-related projects.

In recent years, under the leadership of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the country has undertaken large-scale reforms aimed at environmental protection, climate action, the development of a green economy and the sustainable use of natural resources. Particular attention is being paid to the introduction of modern technologies, the advancement of environmental science and the strengthening of the country’s research and educational capacity.

The National Centre for Climate Change and Green University operate under the National Committee on Ecology and Climate Change, providing scientific, analytical and expert support for environmental and climate policy. The Centre contributes to the development of national climate policy documents, the preparation of projects on adaptation and greenhouse gas emissions reduction, and the mobilisation of international climate finance. Green University advances research in ecology, climate change and the restoration of natural ecosystems. In 2026, the University opened an innovative laboratory for forest and ornamental plants, as well as an In Vitro laboratory for producing high-quality planting material.

At COP31, the National Committee on Ecology and Climate Change and its affiliated organisations will present initiatives in climate finance, environmental monitoring and the restoration of natural ecosystems. Uzbekistan’s participation will provide an opportunity to demonstrate to international partners the results of the ongoing reforms and the country’s practical steps towards a sustainable and environmentally sound future.

From climate commitments to practical results

One of the key areas of Uzbekistan’s participation will be the implementation of its updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 3.0). Under the target set, the country aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions per unit of GDP by 50 per cent by 2035, compared with 2010 levels.

At COP31, Uzbekistan plans to present its national approaches to achieving this target, including the expansion of renewable energy, improvements in energy efficiency, the introduction of modern technologies and stronger climate resilience across various sectors of the economy.

Several events at the National Pavilion will focus on this agenda, including a session entitled “Implementing Uzbekistan’s Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 3.0): From Climate Commitments to Practical Action”, as well as discussions on industrial decarbonisation, climate finance and the development of carbon markets.

Another important area will be Uzbekistan’s participation in the international Climate Implementation Bridge (BRIDGE) initiative. Uzbekistan is one of five pilot countries in this initiative, which is being implemented under the COP31 Presidency with the participation of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). The initiative aims to help translate national climate plans into concrete investment projects, facilitate access to international finance and provide expert support.

Climate adaptation and water security: shared regional priorities

Climate change adaptation, the sustainable use of water resources and strengthening the resilience of the most vulnerable areas will feature prominently in Uzbekistan’s agenda.

The National Pavilion will host thematic discussions on water and climate resilience in Central Asia, agricultural adaptation, land restoration and strengthening the resilience of the Aral Sea region.

Particular attention will also be given to climate risks in mountain regions, food security, and the impact of changing water and climate conditions on the country’s economy.

Promoting cooperation on climate-induced human mobility will be another important regional initiative. On 10 November, the Uzbekistan National Pavilion will host a high-level event entitled “Facilitating Human Mobility in the Context of Climate Change: Towards the Silk Road Declaration on Climate Mobility”.

The event is expected to see the signing of the Silk Road Declaration on Human Mobility in the Context of Climate Change by the countries of Central Asia and the South Caucasus.

The document is intended to provide a regional framework for strengthening cooperation on climate-related migration, protecting vulnerable communities and developing coordinated approaches to addressing the impacts of climate change.

Uzbekistan will also contribute to advancing joint regional projects. In particular, the launch of a trilateral AFOLU project, funded by the Green Climate Fund and involving Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, is scheduled for 9 November.

Ecosystem restoration, afforestation and biodiversity conservation

Another priority will be to present Uzbekistan’s initiatives in nature conservation and the restoration of natural ecosystems.

The international platform will showcase approaches to implementing the nationwide Yashil Makon (Green Space) project, establishing forest plantations on the dried bed of the Aral Sea, combating desertification, restoring degraded land and conserving biodiversity.

The pavilion programme will include discussions on scaling up nature-based solutions, developing forestry and landscape projects, and using carbon markets to mobilise additional resources for environmental initiatives.

The initiative to proclaim the 2027–2036 period the United Nations Decade of Action for Afforestation and Reforestation is of particular significance. On 17 November, Uzbekistan and the Republic of the Congo will present this global initiative and hold a dialogue on international partnerships in this area.

Other events will address synergies among international environmental conventions in the Aral Sea region, the sustainable management of land and water resources, and the conservation of natural heritage.

Green economy, climate finance and innovation

A substantial part of the programme will focus on mobilising climate investment, developing the circular economy and introducing innovative technologies.

Participants will discuss, among other topics, the role of financial institutions and banks in mobilising climate finance, investment opportunities in sustainable agriculture, and the development of a Central Asian carbon credit standard for drylands.

Separate sessions will address sound waste management, the development of the circular economy, industrial decarbonisation and more efficient use of natural resources.

The science and technology agenda will include discussions on greenhouse gas emissions monitoring, assessing solar energy potential, digital meteorology and the application of artificial intelligence to improve forecasting and early warning systems.

The development of climate-resilient cities will also be an important area of focus. Participants will consider integrated urban planning, the expansion of public green spaces and the incorporation of nature-based solutions into urban infrastructure.

Youth and environmental education: investing in the future

Promoting environmental education initiatives and engaging young people in the climate agenda will be an important part of Uzbekistan’s participation.

The National Pavilion will host events on developing a network of eco-schools, nurturing a new generation of climate leaders and supporting youth-led initiatives.

Particular attention will be paid to practical mechanisms for youth participation in implementing climate solutions, fostering environmental awareness and expanding educational opportunities.

Overall, Uzbekistan’s programme at COP31 covers a broad range of interconnected priorities, from emissions reduction and climate change adaptation to ecosystem restoration, the development of a green economy and stronger regional cooperation.

The country’s participation in the conference will provide an important opportunity to share national experience with the international community, advance joint initiatives, expand partnerships and mobilise additional resources for climate projects.

The overarching objective is to move from stated climate goals to concrete action, investment and results that contribute to the environmental sustainability of Uzbekistan and the wider Central Asian region.

COP31 in Antalya is taking place as the global climate agenda shifts from making commitments to implementing them. For Uzbekistan, the conference offers an opportunity to strengthen its international standing, expand partnerships and advance regional initiatives. In recent years, climate issues have become an important dimension of both domestic reforms and the country’s foreign policy. Uzbekistan’s engagement on international platforms is underpinned, above all, by sustained reforms at home.

Domestic reforms as the foundation of climate diplomacy

Uzbekistan is steadily developing a national climate policy framework. Following its ratification of the Paris Agreement in 2018 and the adoption of the Strategy for the Transition to a Green Economy for 2019–2030, the country updated its commitments through its third Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 3.0). These envisage reducing greenhouse gas emissions per unit of GDP by 50% by 2035 compared with 2010 levels and achieving carbon neutrality by 2055. Notably, Uzbekistan has already met its previous target of reducing emissions per unit of GDP by 35% by 2030 ahead of schedule.

Renewable energy development plays a central role in achieving these objectives. The installed capacity of solar and wind power plants has exceeded 6.3 GW, while renewable sources, including hydropower, now account for 31% of electricity generation. This share is expected to reach 54% by 2030. According to the Ministry of Energy, the target could be exceeded if the current pace of development is maintained. This indicates that the country’s energy transition has gained sustained momentum.

Alongside energy, particular attention is being paid to water conservation and land restoration, especially as water scarcity intensifies. In 2020, water-saving technologies covered just 4% of irrigated land; by 2026, this figure had reached 60%. Together with broader improvements in irrigation infrastructure and water management, these measures have helped achieve annual water savings of more than 10 billion cubic metres. The Water Resources Management and Irrigation Sector Development Programme for 2025–2028 envisages increasing annual savings to 14 billion cubic metres by 2028.

Under the Yashil Makon (Green Space) project, 200 million saplings are planted annually, while protective forest cover has been established across 2 million hectares of the dried bed of the Aral Sea. This demonstrates that, alongside emissions reduction, the country is placing increasing emphasis on climate change adaptation.

The reforms are also supported by the development of the necessary mechanisms and institutions. In November 2025, the Ministry of Ecology was reorganised into the National Committee on Ecology and Climate Change, reporting directly to the President. This reflects the growing importance of environmental policy within the system of public administration.

In addition, the Law on Limiting Greenhouse Gas Emissions was adopted in 2025, establishing a legal framework for carbon accounting and carbon unit trading. Through the Innovative Carbon Resource Application for Energy Transition (iCRAFT) project, Uzbekistan became the first country in the world to receive a World Bank payment for emissions reductions achieved through a policy crediting programme, reflecting the results of its energy sector reforms.

The Central Asian University for the Study of Environment and Climate Change (Green University) was established in 2023. A network of green technical colleges is being developed within its academic cooperation framework, with enrolment expected to reach 10,000 students by the 2028/2029 academic year. This is building the skills base for long-term green development.

Regional cooperation in Central Asia

Water scarcity, desertification and land degradation affect every Central Asian country to varying degrees. Addressing these challenges effectively therefore requires coordinated action.

Uzbekistan advocates the development of joint mechanisms for managing water and energy resources. One example is the Kambarata-1 Hydropower Plant project, being pursued jointly with Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan. It reflects the countries’ commitment to the coordinated use of the region’s water and energy potential. A shared policy framework is also taking shape: the countries of the region developed the Regional Climate Change Adaptation Strategy for Central Asia, presented at COP28.

At the same time, Uzbekistan, Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan are advancing a green energy corridor project to export electricity to Europe.

Cooperation among experts and research institutions is also expanding. Tashkent hosts the Central Asian Regional Research Center for Combating Desertification and Developing the Desert Economy, as well as the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s Central Asia Office, which opened at Green University in 2025 and serves all five countries of the region. These institutions are helping to establish Tashkent as a regional centre of environmental expertise.

Uzbekistan also supports the coordination of Central Asian countries’ positions in international forums, including through the Mountain Group and the Group of Landlocked Developing Countries. This strengthens the region’s negotiating capacity.

Partnerships with other countries

The implementation of national and regional priorities is accompanied by expanding cooperation with international partners across investment, technology and expertise.

Cooperation with the Gulf states has been particularly extensive in renewable energy. The portfolio of joint projects with ACWA Power and other Saudi companies has reached $24 billion, while power plants with a combined capacity of more than 1.2 GW have been commissioned in partnership with the UAE’s Masdar. The scale of this cooperation demonstrates the appeal of Uzbekistan’s green energy sector to foreign investors.

Cooperation with Japan is developing through the Joint Crediting Mechanism under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement, while Chinese expertise is being applied to establish halophyte gardens for the restoration of saline land.

Cooperation with the European Union also holds an important place. The Central Asia–EU Summit in Samarkand in April 2025 gave fresh impetus to interregional engagement. Of the €12 billion Global Gateway investment package, €6.4 billion is earmarked for water, energy and climate projects.

Initiatives in international forums

Uzbekistan’s engagement in international forums has evolved from participation in discussions to proposing initiatives of its own. Statements by the country’s leadership at the United Nations clearly illustrate this development.

A starting point was President Shavkat Mirziyoyev’s address to the 72nd session of the UN General Assembly in 2017, when he called for concerted international efforts to address the consequences of the Aral Sea disaster. In 2018, at Uzbekistan’s initiative, the UN Multi-Partner Human Security Trust Fund for the Aral Sea Region was established. In 2021, the UN General Assembly adopted a resolution declaring the Aral Sea region a zone of ecological innovations and technologies. These steps secured global recognition of a regional environmental challenge.

At the same time, the country expanded its participation in UN climate conferences. At COP26 in Glasgow in 2021, Uzbekistan presented its updated NDC. At COP27 in Sharm el-Sheikh, it proposed establishing a Regional Climate Council. At COP28 in Dubai, the President proposed creating a Climate Science Forum at Green University and called for an early agreement on the Global Goal on Adaptation. The emphasis thus gradually broadened from national commitments to regional cooperation and scientific mechanisms.

This approach was particularly evident at COP29 in Baku, where the President of Uzbekistan proposed establishing an International Centre for Climate Loss and Damage Assessment to support developing countries and developing a Declaration on Obligations to Ensure the Ecological Safety and Health of River Ecosystems under UN auspices. At COP30 in Belém, the country presented NDC 3.0, while at the 80th session of the UN General Assembly it proposed international partnership and coordination on climate migration.

Hosting major international events in Samarkand has provided another means of advancing the environmental agenda. These include a session of the Committee for the Review of the Implementation of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification; meetings of the Conferences of the Parties to the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals and the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES); and the Assembly of the Global Environment Facility. The choice of Uzbekistan as the venue for such events reflects the international community’s confidence in the country.

In less than a decade, Uzbekistan’s international environmental agenda has thus expanded from the Aral Sea crisis to encompass climate finance, adaptation and the social consequences of climate change.

COP31: opportunities to advance national priorities

The COP31 agenda, centred on finance, climate change adaptation and the practical implementation of commitments, closely aligns with Uzbekistan’s national priorities. This enables the country to bring specific requests and proposals to Antalya.

Access to finance remains a central priority. Uzbekistan’s climate financing needs through 2030 are estimated at almost $50 billion, with adaptation accounting for approximately one-third of the total. The COP30 call to triple adaptation finance therefore has direct practical relevance for the country. However, mobilising funding depends on the ability to put forward well-prepared projects. In this regard, Uzbekistan’s inclusion among the first pilot countries in the Climate Implementation Bridge (BRIDGE) initiative offers a means of translating national commitments into concrete investment decisions.

The regional dimension is equally important. The proposed adoption of the Silk Road Declaration on Human Mobility in the Context of Climate Change builds on the approach outlined at the 80th session of the UN General Assembly. It brings international attention to an issue of growing relevance to Central Asia, enabling Uzbekistan to consolidate its role in shaping a shared regional agenda.

Türkiye’s COP31 presidency is also significant. Ankara’s priorities, particularly zero waste and green energy, align with Uzbekistan’s national projects. This creates opportunities to add a substantive environmental dimension to the two countries’ comprehensive strategic partnership.

Uzbekistan’s participation in COP31 is therefore an important instrument for strengthening its climate diplomacy. The conference enables the country to build on the results of domestic reforms, advance Central Asia’s interests and translate earlier initiatives into concrete projects and financing arrangements. This contributes to strengthening Uzbekistan’s international standing and enhancing the region’s role in the global sustainable development agenda.

Madinabonu Kayumova

Leading Researcher of the Institute for Strategic and Regional Studies  under the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan