Zilola Akhmedova,

Dunyo IA.

At the border checkpoint, the line moves slowly forward. A border guard opens a passport, glances through its pages for a second, and presses down a fresh stamp. The traveler continues on their way undisturbed. At first glance, this is an ordinary, everyday procedure. Yet behind those few seconds lie years of intergovernmental negotiations, complex agreements, mutual trust and balanced diplomacy.

On the eve of the 35^th Anniversary of Independence, looking back at the path Uzbekistan has traversed, one can say with confidence that one of its most critical achievements has been the creation of an atmosphere of open and trusting good-neighborliness.

After all, Independence is not merely political sovereignty. Independence is a nation's right to live freely, to determine its own destiny, to build peaceful and mutually beneficial cooperation with neighboring states, and to engage in equal dialogue with the global community.

However, today's open borders and the environment of trustful good-neighborliness did not emerge on their own. Borders test not only history, but diplomacy itself. What now seems natural and familiar is the result of years of painstaking work, political will and a shared commitment to consensus.

Following the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, five Independent States appeared on the map of Central Asia. While political sovereignty was proclaimed, a significant portion of state borders remained unratified under international law. Lines that were considered mere administrative boundaries during the Soviet era turned into international frontiers overnight. The situation was particularly complex in the Fergana Valley, where borders cut through residential settlements, irrigation systems, pastures and motorways.

In those years, border demarcation was more than a political or legal issue - it directly impacted the daily lives of thousands of people. To travel from one village to a neighboring one located across the border, residents often had to make a detour of dozens of kilometers. Family visits became complicated and logistics costs for local entrepreneurs surged dramatically.

In this context, I would like to share a childhood story that deeply impacted me and one I still cannot recall without tears.

Exactly fourteen years ago, when I was twelve years old, my parents and I went on a trip across Uzbekistan. Along the way, we stopped for lunch. A woman was sitting at the adjacent table. Watching my father and me laugh and joke lightheartedly, she suddenly burst into tears. For a moment, I was confused and did not know what to do. Then she spoke:

“My name is Gulzoda. I was also the only and beloved daughter of my father. When I grew up, I married into a neighboring village. Only ten to fifteen minutes separated us from my parents' home. But then the border divided us. Our village remained in Uzbekistan, while my parents ended up in Tajikistan...”

She paused for a second as tears rolled down her cheeks again.

“A few years later, my father passed away. And I could not be there to bid him a final farewell. They did not let me cross the border...”

Now that I am older, I understand that a border is not just a line on a map. It is something that can profoundly shape human destinies.

Therefore, resolving border issues meant far more than simply drawing state lines. It restored trust between nations, served as a crucial step toward reviving economic ties, and laid a solid foundation for the overall development of the entire region.

A New Diplomatic Paradigm

Ongoing shifts in the global geopolitical landscape demanded new approaches, different policies and a fresh mindset capable of securing a strong international standing for the nation. It was under these conditions that the past decade became a period of profound transformation, new opportunities and rapid progress for Uzbekistan.

Foreign policy of New Uzbekistan designated Central Asia as its core priority. Open dialogue with neighboring states, practical cooperation, and the principle of mutual benefit formed the bedrock of this new diplomatic strategy. Its core idea was straightforward: the sustainable development of the region depends not on the isolated achievements of individual states, but on the harmonious alignment of their shared interests.

This policy translated into concrete action through the opening of new border crossing points, the revival of transport links and the steady expansion of trade and economic ties.

For instance, on March 1^st, 2018, “Jartepa – Sarazm” checkpoints on the Uzbek-Tajik border resumed operations. In August 2025, “Khovosobod – Zafarobod” and “Bekobod Auto – Khashtiyak” checkpoints in the Syrdarya region were officially granted international status. This enabled seamless border crossings for third-country citizens as well as passenger vehicles.

Along the Kyrgyz border, “Uch-Kurgan Auto” checkpoint in the Namangan region and the “Ken-Sai Auto” checkpoint in Kyrgyzstan were reopened. Today, they serve as a major transport corridor capable of processing over 500 cargo trucks and 300 passenger cars daily. Operations were also restored at the “Khanabad – Bek-Abad” checkpoints connecting the Andijan region with Kyrgyzstan, alongside the opening of the modern “Mingtepa – Kara-Bagysh” post. Furthermore, “Ak-Kiya” checkpoint leading to Shakhimardan and “Chashma” checkpoint serving the Sokh district were modernized and converted to 24/7 operations. On the border between the Fergana and Batken regions, new “Sogment – Chorbagh” border complex was launched.

On the Uzbek-Turkmen border, a New Free Trade Zone was launched near the “Shavat – Dashoguz” border checkpoint in the adjacent territories of the Khorezm and Dashoguz regions.

On the Kazakh front, the largest and busiest checkpoint, “Gishtkuprik – Zhibek Zholy”, underwent large-scale reconstruction. As a result, its daily capacity increased from 30,000 to 70,000 people, while its vehicle processing capacity exceeded 2,000 passenger cars per day. “Navoi – Kaplanbek” checkpoint in the Tashkent region was similarly modernized: traffic lanes were expanded from two to six, reducing average border crossing times to 30 minutes.

March 31^st, 2025, holds a special place in the modern history of Central Asia. On this day in Khujand, one of the region's most significant political and diplomatic events took place. Presidents Shavkat Mirziyoyev, Emomali Rahmon and Sadyr Japarov signed a historic Treaty on the Junction Point of the State Borders of the three nations. Simultaneously, Khujand Declaration was adopted and a symbolic Friendship Stele was unveiled at the border intersection.

History values specific documents not only for their legal weight, but for their power to transform the spirit of an era. The landmark agreements reached in Khujand marked the beginning of a fundamentally new chapter in Central Asian diplomacy. The legal settlement of border issues - long one of the region's most complex challenges - transformed not only the nature of relations between the three states, but the entire political climate of Central Asia, positively impacting the lives of millions today and for generations to come.

In geopolitics, trust is considered one of the most valuable assets. Where trust takes root, new transport corridors open, investments flow, trade volumes grow and security strengthens.

Concrete numbers clearly illustrate the practical outcomes of this trust. While Uzbekistan's trade turnover with Central Asian countries stood at approximately $2.5 billion in 2016, it exceeded $8 billion by the end of 2025.

Bilateral trade with Kazakhstan reached $5 billion, accounting for 60.2% of Uzbekistan's total regional trade. Trade volume with Turkmenistan and Kyrgyzstan reached $1.2 billion each, while trade turnover with Tajikistan surpassed $900 million.

Global Recognition and a New Geopolitical Reality

In recent years, regional cooperation initiatives put forward by Uzbekistan have gained strong backing within the United Nations. The adoption of UN General Assembly resolutions aimed at strengthening peace, stability, and sustainable development in Central Asia serves as practical proof that Uzbekistan's foreign policy is earning international confidence.

In the assessments of international experts, Central Asia is increasingly viewed as a region moving along a shared course, bound by solidarity, brotherhood, and common aspirations for the future. Uzbekistan's policy of resolving issues with neighboring states through negotiation has fostered mutual trust, accelerated transport and logistics projects, and created a more favorable climate for foreign investors. Particular significance is attached to the legal resolution of border issues, which is seen as a key step toward transforming Central Asia into a unified, interconnected economic space.

Specifically, according to Li Yonghui, Senior Research Fellow at the Institute of Russia, Eastern Europe and Central Asia at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, President of Uzbekistan's visit to Khujand and his trilateral meeting with the leaders of Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan represented a pivotal moment in strengthening regional cooperation and stability in Central Asia. “The unveiling of the Friendship Stele symbolizes the strengthening of good-neighborly relations, trust, and strategic partnership among the three brotherly nations”, the expert noted.

Tazin Akhtar, Editor of “Pakistan in the World”, highlighted:

“In an era of global instability, strengthening regional alliances provides a solid foundation for stability and mutual support. Achievements in border delimitation, rising trade volumes, and joint infrastructure projects make Central Asia more open to external partnerships. Uzbekistan has demonstrated a firm commitment to constructive diplomacy, creation, and integration”.

Overall, Uzbekistan's foreign policy today built on openness, pragmatism and mutual benefit is cultivating a new atmosphere of friendship and trust across Central Asia. Borders between neighboring brotherly states have transformed from dividing lines into symbols of cooperation, trade and dialogue.

Return to the Border Post

...The border guard takes the next passport, verifies the document, applies the stamp and the gate opens. The traveler moves forward without looking back. They may not even realize how much political will sits behind that brief moment. Yet that is precisely the greatest success of state policy: it frees individuals from anxiety and obstacles on their journey, allowing them to focus on their goals and dreams.

Past decade of independence has been a period for New Uzbekistan not only to reinforce its sovereign statehood, but to construct a new architecture of trust and collaboration in Central Asia. Open borders, lasting good-neighborliness and the vision of shared development are now becoming part of everyday life.

Sadriddin Suyarov,

Journalist

A Tashkent evening in midsummer can resemble a vibrant Mediterranean metropolis transplanted into the heart of Central Asia.

On a summer terrace in the city center, young people move effortlessly between Uzbek and English while discussing a new fintech startup. A few kilometers away, their peers are presenting an exhibition where traditional Uzbek ikat textiles meet digital art.

This is more than a snapshot of modern Tashkent. It is the face of Uzbekistan in 2026, a country marking the 35th anniversary of its independence.

Three and a half decades may be a brief moment in history, but for Uzbekistan, the anniversary carries a particular meaning. More than 60 percent of the population is under 30. Those turning 35 today are, in a sense, the same age as the independent Uzbek state itself. They are known as the ‘Mustaqillik Generation’ - Generation of Independence.

They have no personal memory of shortages, the Iron Curtain or a centrally planned economy. Their worldview was shaped instead by global connectivity, increasingly open borders and sweeping reforms of the past decade. Today, this generation is increasingly taking the helm and helping define Uzbekistan’s future.

From Caravans to Code

For centuries, the Silk Road connected East and West through Samarkand, Bukhara, Khiva and Shakhrisabz. Today, that historic exchange is taking on a new form.

Caravans have given way to fiber-optic networks, while technology hubs are emerging where caravanserais once stood. The most valuable resources of the new Silk Road are no longer silk and spices, but data, technology and human capital.

Over the past several years, Uzbekistan has made a significant leap in the IT sector, moving from a regional consumer of technology toward an exporter of digital services. At the center of this transformation is IT Park Uzbekistan, which has created an ecosystem for technology companies and helped connect them with international markets. Uzbek digital services are increasingly reaching clients in the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, the UAE, and beyond.

Behind these figures are individual stories. Young programmer and entrepreneur Ziyobek Turdiev, drawing on his experience in a U.S.-based logistics company specializing in vehicle transportation, founded TheCarGo, an AI-powered platform designed for American auto-transport brokers. Today, the company serves the US market and continues to expand.

His experience reflects a broader transformation: for a growing number of young Uzbeks, global markets can be reached from Tashkent itself.

This transformation has been supported by economic liberalization and a strong emphasis on education. Programs such as ‘One Million Uzbek Coders’ opening of branches of leading foreign universities and tax incentives for the IT sector have helped create an environment where entrepreneurship and innovation can flourish.

A New Diplomacy of Openness

Historic Silk Road prospered when trade routes were open and travelers could move freely between its cities. Uzbekistan’s recent transformation has increasingly revived this principle.

Introduction of visa-free travel for citizens of more than 90 countries has helped turn Uzbekistan from one of the region’s more difficult destinations to access into an increasingly attractive tourism and business hub.

But the change goes deeper than mobility. Over the past decade, constitutional reform, stronger protection of human rights, the ban on forced labor and a greater role for civil society have contributed to a broader transformation of Uzbekistan’s social and political landscape.

A younger generation of lawyers, diplomats, civil servants and entrepreneurs, many educated at universities in Europe, the United States and Asia, is bringing international experience into national practice.

Their growing engagement is also visible on the global stage. The 14th UNESCO Youth Forum, held in Samarkand in October 2025, brought together 145 young leaders from 135 UNESCO Member States and Associate Members. Held for the first time in Central Asia, the forum focused on climate action and its social impact on young people, while Uzbek participants contributed to discussions on climate and cultural heritage.

A More Connected Central Asia

This opening has also changed Uzbekistan’s role in Central Asia.

Rather than being defined by the rivalries of the past, the region is increasingly becoming a space for cooperation, connectivity and shared economic opportunity. Young entrepreneurs and activists from Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan are increasingly working together across borders, seeing Central Asia less as a geopolitical fault line and more as a shared home.

Recent youth initiatives illustrate this shift. The international ‘Eco-Zakovat’ intellectual tournament in Samarkand brought together around 150 young participants from Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan.

Eco-Camp 2026 in Tashkent Region brought together around 300 young environmental activists for discussions, competitions and practical initiatives focused on environmental protection.

For this generation, regional cooperation is becoming less a diplomatic slogan and more a natural way of thinking and acting.

Tradition Reimagined

‘Mustaqillik Generation’ is also redefining how Uzbekistan presents its cultural identity to the world.

Traditional textiles such as adras and khan-atlas, produced through the distinctive ikat technique, are being reimagined by young designers and combined with contemporary fashion. Uzbek patterns and craftsmanship are increasingly appearing in collections aimed at audiences in Paris, Milan, New York and other global cultural centers.

Young designers such as Nigora Hashimova and Marjona Sadinova illustrate this new creative confidence, bringing Uzbek-inspired designs to international platforms.

Country’s participation in the 2026 Venice Biennale, through its national pavilion The Aural Sea, offers another example. Bringing together Uzbek artists, young creatives and international collaborators, the pavilion explores the ecological transformation of the Aral Sea through contemporary art and storytelling.

Cultural revival is not simply about preserving the past. Traditional crafts, from Rishtan ceramics to Bukhara gold embroidery, are also supporting local communities, creating economic opportunities and sustaining environmentally responsible production.

For international audiences, this creates a different image of Uzbekistan: not a country frozen in its historical heritage, but a living cultural space where tradition and innovation coexist.

The Age of Conscious Maturity

For an individual, 35 can mark the transition from youthful ambition to greater maturity and a clearer understanding of one’s place in the world. For a state, meaning can be much the same.

As Uzbekistan marks 35 years of independence, its transformation is increasingly becoming more than a government-led process. It is being reinforced by a generation that has grown up with greater access to information, greater mobility and a stronger connection to the outside world.

This generation may ultimately prove to be the most important guarantee that Uzbekistan’s opening to the world will continue.

Modern Uzbekistan is therefore revealing itself in a new light. It is no longer simply viewed through the prism of its Soviet past or as an exotic destination along the old Silk Road. It is emerging as a dynamic, increasingly open and future-oriented state, with an expanding role in the economic and diplomatic architecture of Central Asia.

The great legacy of the Silk Road was never only about trade. At its heart was the movement of people, ideas, knowledge and cultures.

Today, a new generation of Uzbeks is carrying that legacy forward - not with caravans, but with technology, entrepreneurship, diplomacy and creativity.

As Uzbekistan celebrates the 35^th Anniversary of its Independence, it is not merely commemorating its past. It is writing a new chapter in its global story.

Recently, President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev received a special letter from President of the United States Donald Trump. In this message, which is of great significance in political and diplomatic circles, the U.S. President highly commended our Head of State’s active and constructive participation in the inaugural meeting of the Peace Council in Washington. The letter specifically acknowledged the innovative reforms being implemented by our esteemed President in New Uzbekistan and the results achieved, and invited him to the next meeting of the Peace Council as well as to the prestigious G20 Summit to be held in Miami.

It concluded with the words, “May the Creator bless you and the great people of Uzbekistan,” expressing the highest respect.

Do you know the geopolitical significance of this development?

It is an open acknowledgment that the leader of the world’s most powerful country regards New Uzbekistan not as a small Central Asian state, but as a strategic partner helping to shape global peace, security, and a new world order. The attention and invitation extended by the head of the White House represent the international community’s true assessment of the balanced, enlightened, and pragmatic foreign policy pursued by our President.

What force lies behind this diplomatic success? Why is Washington listening so closely to Tashkent’s views and position today, at a time of intensifying rivalry among global powers?

The answer is clear and well founded: humanity stands on the threshold of a profound paradigm shift. Indeed, the world’s geopolitical architecture is currently undergoing a stage of fundamental renewal, transformation, and restructuring.

Traditional methods in international relations—the use of force, financial pressure, and artificially constructed political alliances—are losing their value. At a time when humanity is caught in a vortex of unexpected global crises and conflicts, a new form of peace diplomacy—grounded in reason, science, rational analysis, enlightenment, and logic—is emerging on the geopolitical stage.

Therefore, President Donald Trump’s letter is far more than a matter of ordinary diplomatic courtesy or symbolic protocol. It demonstrates that New Uzbekistan is becoming a firm pillar of the global political architecture.

Those of us in the academic and scientific community must examine this process at a deep, fundamental level: Why is the leader of the world’s most powerful country paying such close attention to Uzbekistan’s voice and to its balanced, enlightened position?

It should be noted that the international community has recently come to recognize Tashkent’s foreign policy as a “phenomenon of pragmatism grounded in humanism and enlightenment.” Uzbekistan is therefore no longer a mere observer at global flashpoints. Tashkent proposes addressing problems through clear, systematic solutions based on reason and knowledge. This is precisely why Donald Trump attaches fundamental importance to Tashkent’s role in the Peace Council established in Davos and at the Washington summit. His views indicate that Uzbekistan has already moved beyond the status of a “geopolitical player in the shadows” or a “small state.” Our country is emerging as a pillar of stability in Central Asia and a strong bridge for peace in global diplomacy.

In his historic address at the Peace Council’s first summit in February of this year, our Head of State stated clearly and firmly: “We must seize this historic opportunity to build a New Gaza—a prosperous region with decent living conditions for its people.”

The Uzbek leader’s initiative to build homes, kindergartens, schools, and hospitals in crisis-stricken areas is a fundamental concept conveying to the world that war and destruction can be overcome only through enlightenment, education, socioeconomic recovery, and science diplomacy.

Clear evidence of this can be seen in the period from 2022 to 2026, which has been marked by entirely new initiatives, major investments, and the rapid expansion of academic exchanges in education and science. Data from the Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Innovation of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the U.S. Embassy in Tashkent, and international organizations such as American Councils clearly demonstrate the scale of this growth.

In recent years, thousands of local English-language teachers have been retrained in accordance with international standards through the English Speaking Nation (ESN) program, implemented with the support of the U.S. Department of State. American specialists—English Teaching Assistants (ETAs)—have been directly involved in teaching at schools and universities across various regions of Uzbekistan.

With U.S. support, modern teaching and learning packages for English and computer science (IT), meeting international standards, were also developed and introduced for grades 1–11 in general education schools.

Cooperation in higher education has advanced beyond student exchanges to the level of institutional development:

• The expansion of the Fulbright and FLEX programs significantly increased the quotas for academic exchanges intended for researchers, graduate students, and schoolchildren. Young Uzbek scholars and teachers gained opportunities to conduct research at leading U.S. universities, including the University of California, Berkeley, and the University of Texas.

• Franchising and partnerships with American universities have developed, while the network of joint educational programs—including double-degree programs—and academic cooperation with U.S. higher education institutions has expanded. The Tashkent branch of Webster University has further broadened its activities and continues to train highly qualified professionals through its undergraduate and graduate programs.

The number of joint research projects between the Ministry and U.S. higher education institutions in IT, alternative energy, agricultural technologies, and sociolinguistics has increased. Educational resources open to the wider public have also been developed beyond formal educational institutions. A network of modern libraries, STEM laboratories, and free language-learning centers has been established in Tashkent, Karshi, Namangan, Termez, and other cities. These centers have become free platforms for young people to acquire knowledge and exchange information. Special grants and training programs have also been introduced to increase the participation of women and girls in STEM—science, technology, engineering, and mathematics.

In addition, from July 13 to 18, a delegation from the Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Innovation was sent on an official visit as part of the international Future 100 internship program.

The program arranged internships at the world’s leading universities, technology companies, accelerators, and other organizations. In particular:

• Visits were organized to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (TOP 1), Stanford University (TOP 3), Harvard University (TOP 5), the University of California, Berkeley (TOP 17), and San Francisco State University.

• The delegation learned about the work of Coursera, Google, OpenAI, the StartX Accelerator, the Office of the Mayor of San Francisco, and the United Nations, and took part in seminars.

Recent years have marked a fundamental shift, both quantitative and qualitative, in Uzbek-American educational relations. This cooperation serves as an important driver for developing human capital in Uzbekistan, training professionals who can compete in the global labor market, and modernizing the education system.

Today, we can say with confidence that a strong foreign policy rests upon strong enlightenment and a powerful economic foundation. In this regard, the scale of past and present economic and social cooperation between Washington and Tashkent deserves particular recognition. The agreements reached within the framework of the Tashkent International Investment Forum and business dialogues in Washington—with the leadership of the Export-Import Bank of the United States and the U.S. International Development Finance Corporation (DFC), as well as with such global corporate giants as BlackRock, John Deere, Traxys, and Valmont Industries—are no coincidence.

Major projects in healthcare, critical-mineral processing, green energy, artificial intelligence, digitalization, data centers, and the construction of a new airport hub in Tashkent are the practical fruits of intellectual power grounded in science and technology.

The United States’ view of Uzbekistan as a strategic partner is also closely linked to the reforms underway in our country’s higher education and research sectors. In modern competition, it is not raw materials but intellectual capital and advanced technologies that are becoming decisive. Science is the only universal human phenomenon that knows no borders and can show the way toward rational compromise in any situation. The global peace initiatives advanced by Uzbekistan embody the following three principal enlightened solutions:

• Resolving conflicts not through political or military pressure, but by rebuilding society’s social and cultural fabric and establishing educational infrastructure.

• Ensuring that every peace mechanism—including efforts such as the reconstruction of Gaza—is supported by the local population and founded on sustainable economic models.

• Demonstrating New Uzbekistan’s readiness to assume geopolitical responsibility and offer solutions at the world’s most painful flashpoints.

This is precisely why the United States and the international community see Shavkat Mirziyoyev as a new, reliable, and balanced guarantor of global stability.

It is evident that, in the twenty-first century—when global competition is becoming increasingly fierce—our country has its own voice, its own conceptual model, and a firmly established place on the world stage. We believe that the G20 Summit in Miami and the upcoming meetings of the Peace Council will elevate Uzbekistan’s active participation in shaping the global political agenda to an even higher level.

For our part, we must support this honorable and prudent diplomatic course led by our esteemed President through science, innovation, and a highly skilled workforce, while demonstrating to the world the strength of the Uzbek tradition of enlightenment.

Thus, New Uzbekistan is a new global center of peace, enlightenment, academic intellect, and international cooperation. This message will continue to resound from international platforms and unite the entire world around the cause of goodness.

Fazliddin MUMINOV
Head of Department, Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Innovation

Transforming water from an object of competition into a factor of cooperation is a vital condition for regional stability.

Water is a precious resource and a source of life. It is not merely a natural resource but also a strategic factor that determines a country's food and energy security, economic development, environmental stability, and the well-being of its people.

Against this backdrop, there is a growing need for political dialogue and practical cooperation aimed at the rational, equitable, and mutually beneficial use of transboundary rivers and shared water resources. In other words, water diplomacy is needed to turn water into a tool of cooperation that brings states together rather than a source of conflict.

The founding documents of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization list the rational use of natural resources, including water, environmental protection, and the implementation of joint ecological programs as main areas of cooperation. Therefore, the issue of water is not a topic that was later added to the SCO agenda, but one of the organization's initial priorities.

In recent years, the political and legal foundations of this area have been further strengthened. The SCO's Dushanbe and Samarkand Declarations identified access to safe drinking water and the integrated, rational management of water resources as important conditions for sustainable development.

At the seventh meeting of the heads of ministries and agencies of SCO member states responsible for environmental protection, held in Bishkek on April 3, 2026, issues of climate change adaptation, glacier preservation, and water resource management were discussed. This indicates that the topic of water is taking on an increasingly important role in the organization's practical agenda.

At the same time, representatives of the SCO member states are seeking practical solutions to water-related issues through meetings, consultations, and negotiations in various formats. On August 7, 2026, the 94th meeting of the Interstate Commission for Water Coordination (ICWC) was held in the city of Turkestan, Republic of Kazakhstan.

The water management ministers and officials from Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan reviewed proposals for water limits and operating regimes for reservoirs in the Syr Darya and Amu Darya basins for the 2026 growing season, as well as a plan to introduce an automated water accounting system in the Syr Darya basin. The development of the document was approved, and special working group is expected to be established by September of this year.

Furthermore, the parties discussed the implementation of the $20 million Regional Cooperation for Improving the Efficiency of Water Resources Use in Central Asian Countries (CAWEC) grant project, in partnership with the World Bank, as well as the execution of tasks stemming from the decisions of the Council of Heads of the Founding States of the International Fund for Saving the Aral Sea.

With the support of the German Agency for International Cooperation (GIZ), measures are being taken to implement a pilot project to automate the water resources monitoring and accounting system at transboundary water facilities between Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan.

From August 10-12, 2026, a three-day regional training was held in Tashkent on the topic "Introduction of Water-Saving Irrigation Technologies and Digital Solutions in the Water Management Sector of Central Asia under Climate Change."

The training was organized at the initiative of the Ministry of Water Resources of the Republic of Uzbekistan, within the framework of the National Water Resources Management Project in Uzbekistan and the Blue Peace Central Asia (BPCA) project, with the participation of the "Suvchilar maktabi" (School of Water Professionals).

Water management specialists from Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan participated in the event.

The primary objective of the event was to enhance the professional capacity of water management specialists from Central Asian countries, expand the mutual exchange of experience, and strengthen practical cooperation in the efficient use of water resources, the introduction of modern irrigation technologies, and the digitalization of the sector, as well as to familiarize them with the advanced solutions being implemented in Uzbekistan.

It is important to emphasize that Uzbekistan views water diplomacy not only as an instrument of foreign policy but also as a logical continuation of the large-scale reforms being implemented domestically. Indeed, to promote the idea of efficient water use in regional dialogue, each state must first reduce water waste within its own territory and establish a modern management system.

In his Address to the Oliy Majlis and the people of Uzbekistan, President Shavkat Mirziyoyev noted that water scarcity is becoming an increasingly urgent global issue; for this reason, the rational use of water was elevated to the level of state policy from the very first days of the reforms.

The results achieved in the sector in recent years are reflected in the figures . In 2025, construction and reconstruction work was carried out at 258 irrigation and melioration facilities, and 723 kilometers of canals were lined with concrete. Additionally, 158 kilometers of irrigation and 303 kilometers of collector-drainage networks were built or reconstructed. As a result, the water supply for 364,000 hectares of land was improved, and the loss of more than 500 million cubic meters of water was prevented.

In 2026, a total of 2 trillion 199 billion soums were allocated from the state budget for construction and reconstruction work under 308 irrigation and melioration projects.

As of August 1 of the current year, construction work worth 1.3 trillion soums has been completed, which constitutes 59% of the established annual plan. Specifically, 637 kilometers of canals were lined with concrete and reconstructed. Furthermore, 52 kilometers of irrigation networks—flumes and pipes—and 27 hydraulic structures were built and reconstructed. To increase the energy efficiency of water management facilities and ensure uninterrupted water supply, pumping stations with a capacity of 13 m3/sec, 31 irrigation wells, 33 kilometers of pressure pipelines for pumping stations, and 268 kilometers of collector-drainage networks were built and reconstructed.

Significant progress is also being made in the introduction of water-saving technologies. By the end of 2025, the coverage of such technologies reached 2.6 million hectares, or 61% of irrigated areas. Of this, drip irrigation technology was introduced on 664,000 hectares. Thanks to these technologies, 3 billion cubic meters of water were saved. By the end of 2026, the goal is to increase the coverage of water-saving technologies to 3.1 million hectares and save 5 billion cubic meters of water. To date, water-saving technologies have been implemented on a total of 638,000 hectares across the republic.

These figures are significant not only for the national economy but also for the regional water balance. Every cubic meter of water saved in one country reduces the pressure on the entire basin. In this sense, lining irrigation canals with concrete and implementing water-saving technologies are not only national-level initiatives but also diplomatic contributions that strengthen regional trust.

To manage water effectively, it must be accurately measured. Where there is no accounting, it is difficult to assess savings, identify losses, and ensure fair distribution.

From this perspective, the digitalization efforts underway in Uzbekistan's water management sector not only increase the efficiency of domestic management but also create a technological foundation for the reliable exchange of transboundary water data in the future.

In 2025, the Center for Digitalization and Monitoring of Water Management was established, and a modern Situational Center was launched to consolidate industry data at a single point. Ten information systems were introduced. The "State Water Cadastre" and "Melioration" information systems were enhanced with the capability to analyze data, generate forecasts, and develop recommendations using artificial intelligence.

Forty-four sensors were installed in reservoirs, enabling remote monitoring of water levels and volumes. A design organization is conducting nationwide studies for the installation of 272 devices to measure water intake across the state border in real time, as well as for the installation of specialized equipment at 1,895 points for the online management and monitoring of inter-district water resources.

The significance of such projects goes beyond technical convenience. Reliable real-time data increases transparency in water distribution, reduces the human factor, and prevents contentious situations.

In the future, it may be possible to coordinate the national information systems of the SCO member states. This does not mean transferring all data to a single center. On the contrary, it envisions the formation of a mechanism for exchanging necessary hydrological indicators in an agreed-upon format, while respecting the sovereignty and national legislation of each state.

The water-energy-food nexus is a prerequisite for sustainable development. Within the framework of the SCO, it is advisable to form a permanent mechanism that integrates cooperation between water, energy, and agriculture agencies. Such a mechanism would enable the joint analysis of seasonal reservoir operation, electricity exchange, irrigation needs, and ecological flows.

The SCO region has accumulated extensive experience in using drip and sprinkler irrigation, canal lining, closed pipeline networks, smart water meters, energy-efficient pumps, and forecasting systems based on artificial intelligence.

By consolidating this experience, it is possible to implement model projects adapted to various climatic conditions. For example, within the SCO, it would be beneficial to establish pilot zones to demonstrate water-saving technologies, train specialists and farmers, and evaluate the results based on a unified methodology.

Sound decisions on water issues must be based on scientific research. Therefore, it is important to implement joint scientific programs among the research institutes, universities, and water management organizations of the SCO countries.

When managing water resources, considering only today's needs is insufficient. The impact of every decision on future generations, natural ecosystems, and the interests of neighboring states must also be thoroughly assessed.

Today, it is not enough to view water diplomacy solely as a means of preventing conflict. It must also stimulate economic development, attract investment, accelerate the exchange of technologies, and strengthen food and energy security.

The SCO is a major regional structure capable of uniting these opportunities. Cooperation within the Organization must transition from negotiations over water distribution to the stage of creating common economic benefits and ensuring sustainable development through water.

Indeed, water does not recognize state borders. Its flow interconnects the destinies, well-being, and futures of peoples.

The rational use of water is economic development, its just management is good neighborliness, and conserving every drop is our shared responsibility for the future.

Zokir Ishpulatov,

First Deputy Minister of Water Management of the Republic of Uzbekistan

Over the past five years, the open dialogue between the President of Uzbekistan and entrepreneurs has evolved from a new feedback format into a stable mechanism of economic policy. Its importance is defined not only by the number of appeals received or proposals voiced. The main result has been a consistent transition from removing individual barriers to changing the rules of doing business themselves – in taxation, lending, access to land and infrastructure, export support, digitalization of services, and protection of entrepreneurs’ rights.

The logic of the five meetings held so far is clearly reflected in their dynamics. The first dialogue in 2021 focused on removing the most urgent post-pandemic restrictions and restoring trust between the state and the private sector. The second established a categorized approach to businesses and territories. The third set the goal of helping companies grow from microbusiness to small business, from small to medium-sized and large enterprises. The fourth expanded access to capital, land, energy, and markets. The fifth focused on legalizing entrepreneurial activity, developing digital financial services, simplifying tax administration, supporting startups, and protecting investments.

It is important to note that entrepreneurship indicators are the result of the full range of economic reforms, not only the annual meetings. However, the open dialogues have become the platform where business problems are translated into specific decisions, and their practical implementation is reviewed at the next meeting.

As Uzbekistan approaches the upcoming sixth dialogue, scheduled for August 2026, the country has a fundamentally different business climate from the one with which this process began.

2021: The First Dialogue

The first open dialogue took place on August 20, 2021. At that time, entrepreneurship was emerging from a difficult pandemic period, and businesses needed affordable financial resources, predictable taxation, simplified exports, protection of property, and reduced administrative pressure.

More than 15,000 appeals were received before the meeting, and about half of them were resolved on the spot. Following the discussion, the President outlined seven main areas of work and proposed holding the open dialogue annually. August 20 was designated as Entrepreneurs’ Day.

One of the central issues was access to financing. To strengthen banks’ resource base, $600 million was allocated through the Fund for Reconstruction and Development, and Eurobonds worth about $417 million were placed in the national currency. Foreign-currency loans of around 6,000 entrepreneurs, totaling about $1 billion, were converted into the national currency. This reduced currency risks for borrowers and expanded opportunities for long-term local-currency lending.

Conditions for microfinance organizations were simplified, while in the tax sphere the reduction of the tax burden and simplification of administration continued. For exporters, a mechanism was introduced to refund 80% of VAT within 7 days instead of 60 days, without additional inspections.

Significant changes also affected exports and logistics. Enterprises exporting goods with high added value were given the opportunity to receive compensation for up to 50% of transport costs for deliveries to neighboring countries and up to 70% for deliveries to the EU. The requirement for repeated national certification of a number of types of equipment, components, and raw materials already certified in countries with advanced quality control systems was abolished.

In regulation, more than 40 duplicating control functions were eliminated. The digitalization of permitting procedures expanded, while the process of receiving subsidies was transferred to a Single Window system.

As a result, by August 2022, the number of exporting enterprises reached 7,500, while total exports grew by 30%. In the first seven months of 2022, exporters received about $14.2 million in transport subsidies, and the geography of exports expanded by another 32 markets. A total of 15,800 land plots were put up for online auction, while more than 54,000 vacant land plots with a total area of over 22,000 hectares were entered into the YerElectron system.

2022: The Second Dialogue

The second open dialogue took place on August 22, 2022. Before the meeting, more than 12,000 appeals were received. Entrepreneurs were mainly concerned with issues related to financing new projects, working capital, connection to infrastructure, allocation of land, tax administration, and inspections.

The main decision of the dialogue was the categorization of businesses. Enterprises were divided by annual turnover: up to about $83,000 as microbusinesses, up to about $834,000 as small businesses, and up to about $8.3 million as medium-sized businesses. This made it possible to apply differentiated regulatory and support measures based on the scale, financial capacity, and stage of development of each enterprise. As a result, smaller companies no longer had to bear the same regulatory burden as larger businesses.

Starting in 2023, a single turnover tax rate of 4% was introduced for microbusinesses, replacing the previous range of 4% to 25%. For enterprises moving to the general taxation regime as their turnover increased, a twofold reduction in profit tax for one year was introduced. This measure helped 370,000 entrepreneurs move to the next stage of development.

Another major decision was the reduction of the VAT rate to 12% from January 1, 2023. At the same time, about $167 million of debt arising from the application of increased tax rates on unused buildings and land plots was written off.

The categorization of districts and cities according to business conditions was also important. Territories were divided into five groups, for which different regimes of taxation, subsidies, interest compensation, guarantees, and infrastructure connection began to be formed. Special tax, credit, and financial conditions were introduced in 60 districts of the republic.

A principle was also established under which a decision to allocate land or property to an entrepreneur can be canceled only by a court. In addition, criminal liability for violating trade rules was abolished.

By August 2023, the results of the second dialogue were already reflected not only in regulatory acts but also in measurable indicators. State support measures began to depend on the scale of a company and the conditions of a territory, while business growth no longer automatically meant a sharp increase in the regulatory burden.

2023: The Third Dialogue

The third open dialogue was held on August 18, 2023. It announced the creation of a comprehensive system for training entrepreneurs, preparing projects, providing financing, and finding new markets and partners.

Fourteen small business centers were established in each region with the aim of helping 150,000 small business entities get on their feet, moving 25,000 companies into the medium-sized category, and creating 250,000 permanent jobs.

To support the transition from small to medium-sized business, an industrial mortgage system was launched, providing businesses with ready-made production facilities. The program “New Uzbekistan: A Country of Competitive Products,” which previously covered 100 leading exporters, was expanded to 500 enterprises. The state moved from general export support to targeted work with companies capable of entering new markets and introducing international standards.

By August 2024, more than 700 issues, initiatives, and new projects proposed by entrepreneurs had been supported. An additional about $667 million was allocated, while another about $1.5 billion was directed to industry, agriculture, services, and entrepreneurial infrastructure.

The turnover of entrepreneurs grew by 25% over the year and reached about $82.2 billion. The number of medium-sized enterprises with turnover from about $834,000 to $8.3 million doubled, while the number of large companies with turnover above about $8.3 million exceeded 2,200, also roughly doubling compared to the previous year.

Joint work by the tax, banking, and financial-economic systems at the level of mahallas and clients helped 16,000 previously loss-making enterprises earn about $542 million in profit in half a year. The number of enterprises in categories “A” and “B” in the entrepreneurship rating increased by 91,000, while another 170,000 companies moved out of the lowest “D” category.

The level of business sustainability was especially telling: the share of enterprises operating for more than three years reached 76%, while the number of such active entities approached 300,000 for the first time.

2024: The Fourth Dialogue

The fourth open dialogue took place on August 20, 2024, in Nukus. During the year, the government, the Chamber of Commerce and Industry, the Business Ombudsman, and khokims worked with entrepreneurial initiatives on a permanent basis. As a result, a number of effective economic measures were adopted.

The amount of microcredit was tripled to about $25,000, while collateral was no longer required for part of the loan up to about $8,300. Work began on preparing a law on Islamic finance, which was estimated as a source of an additional $5 billion in resources. VAT on land purchased through auctions was abolished. Installment payment terms for land were set at up to 3 years in Tashkent and regional centers, up to 5 years in other regions, and up to 10 years in districts of the fourth and fifth categories.

For industrial enterprises, the procedure for paying for electricity and gas when consumption limits were exceeded was softened. To launch the production of new types of domestic products based on long-term orders, $100 million was allocated.

As a result, by August 2025, 1,600 microenterprises had increased their turnover above about $834,000 and moved into the medium-sized category. Another 143 microenterprises exceeded turnover of about $8.3 million and became large businesses, while 122 small enterprises also entered the large business category.

In 2024 alone, 16 types of licenses and permits were abolished, which, according to estimates, saved entrepreneurs about $29.2 million.

By the time of the fifth dialogue, more than 600 startups were operating in the country. In the first seven months of 2025, they attracted $264 million in foreign investment, four times more than in the whole of 2024.

2025: The Fifth Dialogue

The fifth open dialogue took place on August 20, 2025, in New Tashkent. In preparation for the dialogue, meetings and consultations were held with almost 7,000 entrepreneurs representing 26 sectors. In addition, more than 13,000 appeals and initiatives were received through call centers.

The main result of the five-year cycle was that hundreds of entrepreneurial initiatives had already been enshrined in legislation. The agenda of the fifth meeting focused on further reducing the cost of doing business and supporting the transition from the informal sector to the legal economy.

The largest changes affected 300,000 individual entrepreneurs and 5.5 million self-employed people. A special legal regime was introduced for them until 2030, with digital services from registration to reporting, remote biometrics, electronic wallets for salary payments, and a universal QR code for accepting payments.

In addition, starting from January 1, 2026, individual entrepreneurs and self-employed people with annual turnover of up to about $83,000 pay turnover tax at a rate of 1% instead of 4%. Thus, the tax burden for businesses with turnover of up to about $83,000 was reduced by 3 to 4 times.

According to Presidential Decree No.214 of November 14, 2025, the principle of “Starting a business in 15 minutes” is introduced from January 1, 2026. Under this approach, when registering a business, an entrepreneur immediately receives an electronic digital signature, a bank account, the ability to formalize a lease, register a cash register, and submit the necessary notifications. This further simplifies the start of entrepreneurial activity and makes opening one’s own business more accessible.

It is important to note that 2025 data show that 493,000 enterprises were operating in the country, while 82,400 new enterprises were created during the year. The share of small business amounted to 52.2% of GDP, 36.6% of exports, and 28.5% of industrial production. In construction, its share reached 75.6%; in trade, 83%; and in services, 47.2%.

These figures show that entrepreneurship has become one of the pillars of Uzbekistan’s economy, accounting for a significant share of production, trade, construction, services, and exports. The scale of the private sector that has been formed creates a solid foundation for the further expansion of business activity, higher competitiveness, and sustainable economic growth in Uzbekistan.

Conclusion

The five open dialogues have formed a new tradition of interaction between the state and the business community. Its key feature is continuity: each new year begins with an assessment of already implemented decisions and then expands the horizon of new tasks.

During this period, many effective and useful decisions for business development have been adopted. However, the main outcome lies not so much in the number of measures taken as in the formation of a stable class of entrepreneurs capable of creating jobs, investing, introducing new technologies, and competing in foreign markets.

The sixth dialogue will be important precisely as the next stage of this trajectory. It is expected that particular importance will be attached to decisions that help introduce artificial intelligence and digital technologies into business, train managerial and engineering personnel, improve energy efficiency, implement international standards, and create competitive national brands.

If these expectations are translated into measurable decisions and implemented with the same continuity as in previous years, the open dialogue format will continue to perform its main function: turning the accumulated experience of entrepreneurs into a practical development program for the entire economy.

Khurshed Asadov,

Deputy Director of the Center for Economic Research and Reforms

Sport represents one of the most effective instruments for enhancing a nation’s image and visibility on the global stage. A country that consistently prioritizes the development of this sector achieves sustainable and measurable results over time. Such achievements are reflected through the dedication, professionalism, and patriotism of its citizens. At the same time, success in this field requires not only talent and perseverance, but also comprehensive state support and an enabling institutional environment. Under these conditions, the younger generation is empowered to pursue its goals with confidence and determination.

Occasions when the national flag is raised and the national anthem is performed at international arenas serve as profound expressions of national pride and dignity. In this context, sport constitutes an important unifying factor that embodies shared values and collective aspirations.

The World Nomad Games represent a unique international sports and cultural initiative that reflects these principles. Since their inception in 2014 in the Kyrgyz Republic, the Games have steadily evolved into a significant international platform. Subsequent editions held in 2016 and 2018 in Kyrgyzstan, as well as in 2022 in the Republic of Türkiye, have demonstrated consistent growth in both scale and international recognition.

The forthcoming hosting of the VI World Nomad Games in the Republic of Uzbekistan constitutes a major milestone. This event not only represents an important development in the field of sport, but also serves as a clear indication of the country’s growing international standing and engagement.

It should be emphasized that the World Nomad Games extend beyond the framework of sporting competition. They represent an integrated platform combining sport, culture, and knowledge. In this regard, Uzbekistan’s role as the host country provides an opportunity to present its rich historical heritage and cultural identity to the international community in a contemporary and compelling manner. The territory of Uzbekistan has historically been a crossroads of civilizations, where diverse cultures, traditions, and peoples have interacted for centuries.

Ancient caravan routes, equestrian traditions, national wrestling, and elements of oral heritage constitute an integral part of this legacy. The World Nomad Games contribute to the preservation and revitalization of these traditions.

At the same time, this initiative serves as an important platform for strengthening international cultural cooperation. In particular, during the 23rd Meeting of Ministers of Culture of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization member states, held in July 2026 in Cholpon-Ata (Kyrgyz Republic), key issues related to the development of cultural and humanitarian cooperation were thoroughly discussed. A number of initiatives were advanced to expand collaboration in the fields of theatre, cinema, music, museum studies, and the safeguarding of intangible cultural heritage.

Such multilateral dialogue and coordinated initiatives significantly enhance the substance and long-term impact of major international projects such as the World Nomad Games. These initiatives function not only as sporting events, but also as platforms for intercultural dialogue and mutual understanding among nations.

The project also possesses considerable economic and tourism potential. The participation of international athletes, experts, and visitors contributes to raising global awareness of Uzbekistan’s cultural heritage and contemporary development. This, in turn, supports the promotion of national tourism, traditional crafts, and creative industries.

Moreover, the World Nomad Games provide an important opportunity to further showcase Uzbekistan’s cultural heritage on the international stage. Hosting such a large-scale event underscores the country’s cultural capacity and its commitment to preserving and promoting its historical legacy within the global cultural landscape.

Relations between Uzbekistan and the United States of America have reached a new level in recent years. Today, this cooperation encompasses strategic areas such as transport and logistics, aviation, infrastructure, digital technologies, financial services, industrial cooperation, and the development of international transport corridors.

As a nation located in the heart of Central Asia, Uzbekistan places special emphasis on accessing international markets, expanding its export geography, and actively integrating into global supply chains. From this standpoint, modernizing the country's transport and logistics infrastructure has become one of the foremost priorities of its economic policy.

The United States, with its advanced technologies, a developed aviation industry, major financial institutions, digital solutions, and global logistics expertise, is a key partner capable of providing Uzbekistan with practical support in achieving these strategic goals.

Following meetings with leading American companies held in New York in September 2025, a portfolio of contracts and promising projects was formed in the fields of civil aviation, mining, finance and innovation, chemicals, energy, and other priority sectors, with a total value exceeding $100 billion.

In 2025, of the total 60,400 tons of cargo transported between Uzbekistan and the US, 44,200 tons were carried by rail. Road transport accounted for 13,800 tons, and air freight for 2,400 tons.

In the first six months of 2026, 31,200 tons of cargo were transported between Uzbekistan and the US. Of this volume, 30,700 tons were imports from the US to Uzbekistan.

The intensification of high-level political dialogue creates an important institutional foundation for advancing economic and infrastructure projects. During high-level meetings in Washington in November 2025, discussions focused on the further development of the Uzbek-American strategic partnership, the expansion of trade, economic, and investment cooperation, and the deepening of practical engagement between Central Asia and the United States in the "C5+1" format. The parties particularly emphasized the need to improve institutional mechanisms for promoting joint projects.

Meetings in June 2026 with leading U.S. companies, financial institutions, and business circles also demonstrated that the bilateral economic partnership is entering a practical phase. These meetings were attended by representatives of the U.S. EXIM Bank, the U.S. International Development Finance Corporation (DFC), the American-Uzbekistan Chamber of Commerce, and major companies such as Boeing, Visa, JP Morgan, Meta, BlackRock, and Air Products. Discussions focused on advancing specific projects in areas such as critical minerals, energy, metallurgy, finance, artificial intelligence, and digital technologies, among others.

The direct link between these sectors and the transport and logistics system is that modern industrial and export chains cannot develop without a reliable logistics infrastructure. Delivering critical minerals, industrial products, high-tech goods, and agricultural products to foreign markets requires multimodal transportation, containerization, warehouse and customs terminals, electronic tracking systems, and responsive transport services.

In this context, infrastructure initiatives such as the construction of a new international airport in Tashkent, data centers, and dry ports hold a special place on the transport and logistics agenda of Uzbek-American cooperation. The new international airport will help expand the country's air transport capabilities, developing air cargo, postal services, express delivery, e-commerce, pharmaceutical transport, and international transit services.

Currently, direct flights are operated on the Tashkent–New York–Tashkent route. This route is vital for developing business ties, tourism, and trade between the two countries.

At the same time, this route serves as an important logistics channel for high-value cargo requiring rapid delivery.

One of the most significant steps in the aviation sector relates to agreements between Uzbekistan Airways and Boeing. In September 2025, the national carrier signed an agreement to acquire 14 Boeing 787-9 Dreamliner aircraft with an option to purchase an additional 8. Later, during the C5+1 summit, the agreement for the additional 8 aircraft was converted into a firm order, bringing the total number of Boeing 787-9 aircraft ordered by Uzbekistan Airways to 22.

The new fleet of long-haul aircraft will allow Tashkent to be transformed into a major air hub connecting North America, Europe, the Middle East, and Asia. This will not only increase passenger traffic but also create new opportunities for international air freight.

Uzbekistan's accession to the World Trade Organization is also of great importance for the transport and logistics industry. At a meeting on June 25, 2026, with a delegation led by the U.S. Trade Representative, special attention was given to continuing cooperation with and support from the United States in our country's WTO accession process. WTO membership will help harmonize trade rules with international standards, simplify customs procedures, increase the transparency of documentation, and reduce unnecessary barriers in foreign trade.

Uzbekistan's accession to the World Trade Organization is also of great importance for the transport and logistics industry. At a meeting on June 25, 2026, with a delegation led by the U.S. Trade Representative, special attention was given to continuing cooperation with and support from the United States in our country's WTO accession process. WTO membership will help align trade rules with international standards, simplify customs procedures, ensure transparency in documentation, and reduce unnecessary barriers in foreign trade.

This process directly leads to lower logistical costs, shorter cargo clearance times, and the creation of a competitive environment for exporters. Furthermore, a trade system compliant with international standards establishes a reliable legal framework for foreign investors and logistics companies. As a result, this expands investment opportunities in modern warehouses, logistics centers, dry ports, customs terminals, and multimodal transportation services.

Growth in trade figures also confirms this trend. While trade turnover between the two countries reached $882 million in 2024, the volume of mutual trade exceeded $1 billion in 2025. Moreover, the activity of approximately 340 American companies in our country's market shows that the United States has become one of Uzbekistan's key economic partners. Major projects being implemented in the energy, critical minerals, transport, agriculture, information technology, and other sectors are further enriching the practical content of bilateral cooperation. This means that the entry of Uzbek products into the US market is becoming a stable trend, and in turn, the demand for transport and logistics services will grow.

Another important area of cooperation is related to digital services and high technology. The growth in exports of IT and digital services targeting the US market indicates the formation of new export sectors in Uzbekistan's economy.

Cooperation within the C5+1 format adds a regional dimension to Uzbek-American transport and logistics relations. The dialogue between the countries of Central Asia and the United States on strengthening trade, investment, the digital economy, supply chains, and transport connectivity is accelerating the region's integration into global markets. For Uzbekistan, this process expands opportunities to diversify international transport corridors, enhance its transit potential, and develop into a regional logistics hub.

Large-scale programs are being implemented in the country to modernize its road and rail networks, terminals, and airports. The fact that more than $12 billion is planned to be allocated for the development of transport infrastructure by 2030 clearly demonstrates the scale and long-term significance of reforms in this area.

This cooperation serves the goals of modernizing Uzbekistan's transport and logistics system, increasing its export potential, integrating into global supply chains, and becoming a competitive logistics hub in Central Asia.

1. Abdusamatov, Leading Specialist

Center for the Study of Transport and Logistics Development Problems

at the Ministry of Transport of the Republic of Uzbekistan

The current and future development of Uzbekistan's economy is directly determined by the freedom of the private sector, equal and favorable opportunities created for businesses, and robust legal protections. The Open Dialogue between the Head of State and entrepreneurs, which has become a solid tradition in our country, is not merely another routine event. Instead, it serves as the primary mechanism of a direct, pragmatic, and highly effective strategic alliance between business and government. This direct platform enhances the country's investment attractiveness while playing a crucial role in supporting national businesses and unlocking new opportunities.

Practical Results and Benefits

Direct, face-to-face interaction with the President has emerged as the most powerful driver for fundamentally improving the country's business climate. The systemic decisions made and incentives granted within this platform have delivered tangible, practical benefits to business entities rather than remaining on paper. Below are select outcomes demonstrating the impact of these strategic initiatives:

Transformation of the Financial and Credit System

The government optimized the direct financing procedures for large state-owned enterprises, shifting the focus toward directing banking resources to private sector projects. The Business Development Bank, microfinance institutions and banks, factoring services, venture capital funds, and industrial support funds were established. A state guarantee system for entrepreneurs' bank deposits was also introduced.

Land, Property, and Infrastructure Reform

Land parcels and real estate were transformed into full-fledged economic assets. Taxes on land acquired through auctions were adjusted, payment installment periods were extended, and incorporating land into charter capital was permitted. Changing the intended use of land was simplified via a unified classifier. Energy limits were regulated, and private capital was attracted to the development of mineral deposits and subsoil resources.

Foreign Trade, Logistics, and Exports

The economy pivoted toward WTO accession and integration into global supply chains. Monopoly and exclusive rights in foundational sectors such as metallurgy, chemicals, and energy were abolished. Subsidies for pre-export financing, logistics, and international certification were expanded. The "E-logistika" platform was launched to ensure transparent distribution of transport permits, and the VAT refund mechanism for export operations was simplified.

IT, Services, and Innovation

The state implemented joint-equity co-financing models and patent fee reimbursement mechanisms to boost IT sector development, artificial intelligence, and startups. A VAT cashback mechanism and corporate income tax reductions were introduced for the catering, tourism, and hospitality sectors. Certification and consulting services in construction and tourism were transitioned to the private sector.

Liberalization of Tax and Oversight Systems

Tax administration was enhanced: the VAT "tax-gap" coefficient was abolished, and a transparent rating system for compliant businesses was introduced. A moratorium was declared on the application of new penalties. Commercial banks were prohibited from forcing collateral into unauthorized liquidation and unlawfully suspending business activities.

Legal Protection and Local Manufacturing

The authority of state bodies to confiscate property without a court order or cancel land allocation decisions was restricted. The statute of limitations for tax disputes was reduced to three years. To support domestic manufacturers, a "local content" requirement in public procurement and a system of long-term guaranteed orders were established.

Representatives of the business community feel the real impact of the platform in their daily operations.

Shavkat Kholboev, head of the "AslCab" enterprise, states: "Based on proposals submitted during last year's Open Dialogue, an automated electronic VAT refund system for exports was launched. Consequently, our enterprise recovered approximately 10 to 12 billion UZS in working capital within a short period, channeling these funds into purchasing raw materials and expanding our export footprint."

Firat Deniz, a foreign investor and owner of a major textile enterprise, emphasizes: "The Open Dialogue with the President is one of the most effective platforms globally for directly hearing and protecting investor interests. My proposal to create additional opportunities for enterprises exporting over $50 million annually was immediately supported and implemented."

Preparations for the 6th Open Dialogue: Numbers and Analysis

In preparation for the upcoming 6th Open Dialogue, a Republican Headquarters comprising representatives from over 50 ministries and agencies was established on May 15, operating around the clock (24/7). Nearly 6,000 inquiries have been received via call centers and official bots. As part of the processing efforts, over 4,200 inquiries were resolved positively, while approximately 1,800 remain under review.

By topic, the inquiries include: over 940 regarding strengthening legal protections for entrepreneurs, over 910 on banking issues, over 750 on production space allocation, nearly 680 on simplifying business regulations, over 660 on infrastructure provision, nearly 530 on tax system improvements, and over 480 on financial support for business. Regionally, the highest volume of inquiries originated from Kashkadarya region, Tashkent city, Samarkand region, and Fergana region.

Additionally, responsible organizations conducted over 750 meetings attended by more than 8,800 entrepreneurs, raising over 3,500 proposals and issues. Furthermore, over 130 meetings organized by the Business Ombudsman and the Chamber of Commerce and Industry brought together more than 5,700 entrepreneurs who raised nearly 1,500 issues. Expert groups are analyzing 300 systemic problems identified during these sessions, the majority of which cover: simplifying business regulation (nearly 70), improving the tax system (60), and foreign economic activity and investment (over 50). Proposals are being developed in collaboration with relevant ministries and agencies to address these issues fundamentally and improve current legislation.

Abdumannop Buriev, Business Ombudsman under the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan for the Protection of Rights and Lawful Interests of Entrepreneurs, highlighted priority areas in the sector: "We focus primary attention on building a preventive system that averts issues before they arise and protects entrepreneurs' rights early on. Through extensive digitization and the integration of electronic resources into a unified network, potential risks are eliminated in advance. The live dialogues held ahead of the main event create a solid foundation for modern tools that protect business from both legal and digital standpoints."

Davron Vakhabov, Chairman of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Uzbekistan, emphasized the positive momentum: "Today, the private sector has become the primary driving force of our national economy. Regular open dialogues and the systemic decisions arising from them offer invaluable opportunities for entrepreneurs to expand their operational scale, increase export capacity, and strengthen competitiveness in international markets."

Preparations for the President's upcoming Open Dialogue are entering their final stage. Every submitted proposal and inquiry serves to further improve the business environment in our country. We invite all entrepreneurs and investors to actively participate in shaping the agenda for the upcoming high-level dialogue. Inquiries and proposals are accepted 24/7 via phone numbers 1100 and 1094, web platforms business.gov.uz and my.chamber.uz/ochiq_muloqot/oz, as well as Telegram communication channels @biznesombudsmanrasmiy_bot and @ochiqmuloqot2026_bot.

Interview of Akramjon Nematov, First Deputy Director of the Institute for Strategic and Regional Studies under the President of Uzbekistan (ISRS), with Dunyo IA.

- The historic state visit of the President of Uzbekistan to the Kyrgyz Republic has once again drawn considerable attention within the expert community to the construction of the China–Kyrgyzstan–Uzbekistan railway. What place did this project occupy during the high-level talks in Bishkek and which aspects were at the center of the discussions between the two leaders?

- Indeed, recent state visit was truly a historic event, opening a new chapter in the development of Uzbekistan–Kyrgyzstan relations. The high-level talks took place in an atmosphere of unprecedented trust, mutual understanding, and strategic partnership, confirming that bilateral cooperation has advanced to the fundamentally new level of an alliance.

A central item on the agenda was the practical implementation of what is already widely referred to as the “project of the century” - the China–Kyrgyzstan–Uzbekistan railway. Following many years of discussion, the project has entered the active construction phase and the two leaders held detailed discussions on the progress of this unprecedented undertaking.

Of particular significance was President of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev's emphasis on the need to accelerate construction of the China–Kyrgyzstan–Uzbekistan railway, describing it as one of the key drivers of the region's long-term economic development.

In essence, this is far more than another infrastructure project. A new architecture of Eurasian connectivity is taking shape - one that will enable Central Asia to strengthen its strategic agency, expand access to global markets, and diversify its external economic ties. This explains why the two leaders devoted such close attention to coordinating the practical implementation of the project and to the further development of regional transport infrastructure.

It is equally important to note that, thanks to close coordination at the highest political level, construction is progressing ahead of the original schedule. Although initially planned to take at least five years, the project is now expected to be completed one year earlier than originally anticipated.

This reflects an exceptional level of resource mobilization. More than 10,000 specialists and over 7,000 pieces of heavy construction equipment are already engaged on site. The railway is opening an entirely new chapter in the development of Central Asia, fundamentally reshaping both the geopolitical and geoeconomic landscape of the region.

- What is the geoeconomic significance of this corridor for Eurasia as a whole, and how will it transform the position of the region, particularly Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan?

- Project fundamentally redraws the transport and logistics map of Eurasia by creating the shortest and most efficient overland route between East and West a modern “Iron Silk Road”.

Traditionally, Central Asia has been viewed in global trade primarily as a landlocked region with limited transit potential. The commissioning of this railway will transform the region from a logistical cul-de-sac into one of the principal crossroads of Eurasian trade.

Projected annual capacity of the new railway will reach 15 million tonnes. To appreciate its scale, it is worth noting that the entire railway network of Kyrgyzstan transported 10.5 million tons of cargo in 2025. In other words, once the railway reaches its designed capacity, the China–Kyrgyzstan–Uzbekistan railway alone will be capable of handling a greater freight volume than the current throughput of Kyrgyzstan's entire national railway system.

For Uzbekistan, project represents a major step toward consolidating its position as a regional transit hub, providing direct and secure access to the markets of South Asia, the Middle East and, ultimately, Europe.

For Kyrgyzstan, it will facilitate the large-scale economic integration of previously hard-to-access mountainous regions, create new jobs, and stimulate national economic development.

Railway will shorten the route from China to Europe and the Middle East by approximately 900 kilometres, while reducing cargo delivery times by seven to eight days, thereby decreasing dependence on the limited number of northern and maritime transport corridors.

However, project's significance extends well beyond shorter routes and faster delivery times. Railway is becoming a key element in shaping the new economic geography of Central Asia. It will transform the region from a passive transit area into an active organizer of Eurasian transport flows. This fundamentally changes the position of our countries within the global economy.

- How does this railway fit into the broader architecture of Eurasian connectivity alongside the Middle Corridor, Trans-Afghan routes and transport corridors through Iran?

- Rather than competing with other transport routes, it complements them by forming a single, integrated network of connectivity. First, the railway will connect directly with the Middle Corridor or Trans-Caspian International Transport Route (TITR), creating a seamless freight corridor linking China through Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan, across the Caspian Sea and onward to the Caucasus and Europe.

Second, by integrating with the emerging Trans-Afghan transport projects and Iran's transport network, the railway will create a powerful north-south and east-west transport crossroads. Central Asia will become a pivotal hub for continental trade, where cargo flows from China to South Asia, the Middle East, and Europe converge.

Looking at the broader picture, it becomes clear that integrating the China–Kyrgyzstan–Uzbekistan railway with the Middle Corridor, Trans-Afghan route and transport links through Iran will establish an entirely new system of Eurasian connectivity.

Central Asia will no longer depend on just one or two external transport routes. Instead, it will gain the flexibility to redistribute trade flows across multiple corridors simultaneously. This will significantly strengthen the region's economic resilience while enhancing its strategic autonomy.

The greater the number of complementary transport corridors available to Central Asia, the greater its ability to determine its own development trajectory and the less vulnerable its economies will be to external geopolitical disruptions.

That is why this project should be viewed not merely as a transport initiative, but as a long-term investment in the resilience of Central Asia as an integrated economic space.

- You mentioned that, in the future, this corridor is expected to connect with the Trans-Afghan route. How is the implementation of the Termez–Naibabad–Maidanshahr–Logar–Kharlachi railway progressing today, and what impact could the success of the “project of the century” have on it?

- Work on the Trans-Afghan railway is also moving forward steadily. Active practical efforts are underway, and following the completion of field surveys, the feasibility study for this major transport corridor is expected to be finalized by the end of the year.

At the same time, the rapid pace of construction of the China–Kyrgyzstan–Uzbekistan railway and the scale of resources committed to the project clearly demonstrate Uzbekistan's capacity to successfully implement some of the world's most complex cross-border infrastructure projects.

The success of this “project of the century” significantly strengthens our engineering and organizational capabilities, demonstrates the country's unwavering political commitment and serves as a powerful catalyst for future initiatives.

Practical implementation of the China–Kyrgyzstan–Uzbekistan railway has established an exceptionally high benchmark in terms of both pace and execution, creating strong positive momentum for advancing the Trans-Afghan railway, which will provide Central Asia with the shortest overland access to the ports of the Indian Ocean.

- Some observers argue that the railway will primarily serve as a transit corridor. Will it also become a driver of industrial development and economic growth, particularly in the Fergana Valley?

- It is a misconception to view the railway solely as a transit pipeline for foreign goods. The project has been designed as both a multimodal transport corridor and an industrial development framework. Alongside its transit function, the railway will become a powerful catalyst for the development of domestic industry and manufacturing. Growth zones are already emerging around the railway's key junctions.

A good example is the construction of the Makmal freight transfer station in Kyrgyzstan. It is being designed not merely as a technical railway facility but as a fully-fledged regional transport and logistics hub, incorporating cargo terminals, warehouses, manufacturing and processing facilities, and a wide range of service infrastructure.

Industry will benefit from reliable and efficient logistics for both raw materials and finished products, reducing transportation costs while enhancing competitiveness. The Fergana Valley will be among the principal beneficiaries of the project.

As one of the most densely populated and economically dynamic regions of Central Asia and historically the heart of the region - Fergana Valley has been presented with a unique opportunity to reclaim the pivotal role it played for centuries.

Historically, some of the most important branches of the Great Silk Road passed through this region. Today, thanks to the new railway, the Fergana Valley is once again becoming a center of Eurasian connectivity. Rather than remaining on the periphery of the regional transport system, the valley will evolve into a major production, logistics, and investment hub for the entire continent.

Running through Kashgar, Torugart, Arpa, Makmal, Jalal-Abad and Andijan, the railway will connect the key nodes of this macro-region, attracting investment, revitalizing cross-border trade and removing longstanding logistical bottlenecks. This fundamentally transforms the development model of border regions. Instead of peripheral territories, they will become dynamic zones of economic growth, industrial cooperation and business activity.

Ultimately, these developments elevate Uzbek–Kyrgyz relations to an entirely new level of alliance, where jointly overcoming some of the world's most demanding engineering challenges in the high mountains fosters profound mutual trust and transforms the border into a zone of peace and shared prosperity.

- Will this corridor also be used for passenger transport and what impact could it have on tourism and business?

- From the outset, the project has been designed not only as a freight corridor but also as a passenger railway. Its technical specifications provide for passenger train speeds of up to 120 km/h, even in the challenging mountainous terrain. In practical terms, this represents a genuine transformation. Businesspeople, engineers, and executives will be able to travel quickly and comfortably between the major commercial centers of China, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan, helping to create a more integrated investment environment.

It is worth recalling that the number of joint ventures between Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan has already reached 450, and the launch of the railway is expected to stimulate business activity many times over. The railway will also connect the spectacular mountain landscapes of the Tian Shan, iconic destinations such as Issyk-Kul, the historic cities of the Fergana Valley, as well as Samarkand and Bukhara, through a single high-speed rail network. Tourists will be able to cross borders within a matter of hours, generating a substantial multiplier effect for tourism, the service sector, and people-to-people exchanges.

- Some experts have expressed concerns that the railway could simply turn Central Asia into a market for Chinese goods. How would you respond to such assessments?

- Such views are based on an outdated perception of Central Asia as merely a supplier of raw materials. Today's reality is fundamentally different.

First, the countries of the region are implementing ambitious industrialization programs. In recent years, Central Asia has recorded some of the highest rates of industrial growth across Eurasia. In Uzbekistan, industrial output has increased by more than 70 percent over the past eight years, while manufacturing production has nearly doubled. Today, the manufacturing sector accounts for around 80 percent of the country's total industrial output. The fastest-growing industries include machinery manufacturing, electrical engineering, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, metallurgy and textiles. At the same time, the production and export of higher value-added manufactured goods continue to expand steadily.

Kyrgyzstan has likewise demonstrated impressive industrial growth. In 2025, industrial production increased by 10.6 percent, while total industrial output has more than doubled over the past five years. Manufacturing accounted for 79.7 percent of the country's total industrial production. The strongest growth has been recorded in the food processing, chemical, pharmaceutical, construction materials, and manufacturing industries. Meanwhile, new production facilities, industrial zones, and logistics centres are being established to support international transport corridors.

Second, the benefits are mutual. Our countries will gain exceptionally fast access to China's market of more than 1.4 billion consumers, creating significant new export opportunities for agricultural products, textiles, non-ferrous metals, chemicals, electrical equipment, construction materials, and other value-added manufactured goods.

Moreover, during the recent state visit, considerable attention was devoted to the proactive development of modern industrial zones, logistics hubs and manufacturing facilities along the entire railway corridor. Uzbekistan's initiatives are specifically aimed at promoting joint manufacturing, industrial cooperation and the localization of new production chains - not at turning the region into a mere transit corridor.

In effect, a new industrial belt of Eurasia is taking shape, with Central Asia emerging not as a final consumer market but as an integral participant in global value chains. Consequently, the railway is needed not only to transport raw materials but increasingly to support the rapidly expanding industrial production of our countries. It is becoming far more than a transport corridor - it is laying the foundation for a new model of economic development in Central Asia based on industrial cooperation, higher value-added production, and deeper integration into the global economy.

- What has been accomplished on the ground so far and is there still scope to maximize the project's benefits?

- The scale of the work already underway is truly impressive and clearly demonstrates that the “project of the century” has entered its most intensive implementation phase. Construction activities are currently being carried out simultaneously at 83 of the 107 planned sites along the Kyrgyz section of the railway. More than 10,000 specialists and over 7,000 pieces of heavy construction equipment are working around the clock.

To appreciate the magnitude of this undertaking in the exceptionally challenging terrain of the Tian Shan Mountains, where construction is taking place at elevations exceeding 3,000 metres, it is enough to look at the figures. To date, more than 19.6 million cubic metres of earth have been excavated, including over 5.26 million cubic metres for the construction of the strategically important Makmal station.

At the same time, a network of 26 tunnels is under construction. More than 13.5 kilometres of the main tunnels have already been excavated, while excavation of the auxiliary adits has exceeded 51 percent of the planned volume. Approximately one-third of the tunnelling work is being carried out using advanced mechanized methods without the use of blasting technology. Construction is also underway on 38 of the 50 bridges envisaged under the project—equivalent to 76 percent of the total - with nearly 2,400 foundation piles already installed.

In other words, highly complex engineering challenges virtually unprecedented in the region - are being solved every day. The implementation of the project is simultaneously becoming the largest platform for training engineering specialists, introducing advanced construction technologies and developing new expertise in the transport sector.

Cooperation with Chinese partners, who possess world-class experience in delivering large-scale infrastructure projects under extremely challenging conditions, enables our specialists to master cutting-edge technological solutions that will subsequently be applied to other major infrastructure projects across Central Asia.

At the same time, the construction of the railway represents only the first stage of the initiative. It is equally important to begin creating the conditions that will allow the new transport corridor to generate the greatest possible economic benefits for all participating countries.

With this objective in mind, experts from the Project Office for the Development Strategy of International Digital Transport Corridors have prepared a number of practical initiatives aimed at maximizing the railway's operational efficiency.

One proposal calls for the establishment of neutral cross-border free technological zones along both the Kyrgyz–Chinese and Kyrgyz–Uzbek borders, operating under the principle of “one stop, one control”. Such an approach would substantially reduce border-crossing times while streamlining customs procedures.

A second initiative involves creating a modern cross-border free economic zone on the Kyrgyz–Uzbek border, incorporating logistics terminals, industrial facilities and processing industries. This would transform freight traffic into a source of higher value-added production, new employment opportunities, and integrated cross-border manufacturing value chains.

In addition, it has been proposed to establish a joint engineering and design bureau that would serve as a center for developing advanced technical solutions for the operation of high-altitude railways.

Another proposal envisions introducing a single digital transport document, integrating the railway administrations and customs authorities of the three participating countries into a unified digital system.

However, the project's greatest value extends far beyond transport infrastructure. The China–Kyrgyzstan–Uzbekistan railway is, in effect, creating a new model of regional development based on interconnected economies, industrial cooperation, technological partnership, and the joint utilization of the competitive advantages of our countries. It creates the conditions for Central Asia to move beyond its traditional transit role and emerge as an independent centre of manufacturing, logistics, and value creation.

Its political significance is equally important. Only a decade ago, the implementation of such an ambitious initiative would have seemed virtually impossible due to accumulated disagreements and a lack of trust among the countries of the region. Today, thanks to a consistent policy of good-neighbourliness, open dialogue, and mutual support, Central Asia is demonstrating an entirely new level of regional cooperation.

In this sense, the railway is becoming not only a symbol of transport connectivity but also a tangible embodiment of a new political culture in the region one founded on trust, pragmatism and shared responsibility for the future.

For this reason, the significance of the project will ultimately be measured not only by the millions of tons of cargo transported or the kilometres of railway constructed, but above all by the fact that it lays a durable foundation for the sustainable development, economic self-reliance, and strategic agency of Central Asia as a whole.

Uzbekistan is entering a period in which domestic transformation is becoming increasingly interconnected with global economic processes. The country has set ambitious goals: accelerating economic growth, advancing the technological modernization of industry, attracting large-scale investment, expanding exports and integrating into international value chains.

This is precisely why discussions within the G20 have practical relevance for Uzbekistan. The issues addressed by the Group of Twenty — sustainable development, industrialization, the energy transition, trade, digitalization, food security, access to capital and the modernization of financial institutions — largely align with the challenges facing the country. The difference lies mainly in scale: while the G20 shapes the key priorities of the global economy, Uzbekistan translates similar objectives into a concrete national development agenda.

The G20 brings together the world’s largest advanced and emerging economies, as well as the European Union and the African Union. Its members account for approximately 85% of global GDP, more than 75% of international trade and around two-thirds of the world’s population. For Uzbekistan, the G20 represents a platform where major global trends are shaped, including the cost of capital, the structure of demand, investment flows, industrial standards, trade rules and approaches to sustainable growth.

Investment: A Focus on Trust and Long-Term Capital

The global investment landscape is changing. Capital is becoming increasingly selective, while investors are paying greater attention not only to market size and natural resources, but also to the quality of institutions, regulatory predictability, the protection of business rights, access to infrastructure and the clarity of the legal environment.

This shift is particularly relevant for Uzbekistan. In recent years, attracting investment has become one of the central pillars of the country’s economic policy. At the Fifth Tashkent International Investment Forum, President Shavkat Mirziyoyev noted that Uzbekistan’s economy grew by 7.7% in 2025, while the country attracted USD 43 billion in foreign investment. GDP is expected to exceed USD 180 billion in 2026.

These figures reflect not only strong economic growth, but also the emergence of a new model of engagement with the international business community. Uzbekistan is strengthening its role as a stable platform for long-term capital, industrial cooperation and the regional expansion of companies.

The establishment of the Tashkent International Financial Centre plays an important role in this process. Its legal framework provides for a special regulatory regime, elements of English common law, an independent commercial court, the free movement of capital, the ability to conduct transactions in any currency, and the development of fintech, digital assets and green finance.

Such initiatives enhance Uzbekistan’s attractiveness to international businesses. They create an environment in which capital protection, transparent rules, modern financial instruments and institutional trust become integral components of the country’s overall investment architecture.

Against this backdrop, practical cooperation between Central Asia, international development banks, export credit agencies, sovereign wealth funds and the private sector is becoming increasingly important. For Uzbekistan, it is essential to establish mechanisms that facilitate the preparation and financing of specific initiatives in transport and digital infrastructure, power grids, energy storage systems, water conservation, agricultural technologies and the processing of critical minerals.

This approach is fully aligned with the priorities of the G20: investment should support not only the implementation of individual projects, but also the development of resilient infrastructure for long-term growth. Uzbekistan, for its part, is ready to offer its partners a well-prepared portfolio of projects and stable long-term conditions for their implementation.

Industry: Transitioning to a More Sophisticated Economy

One of the central themes of the G20 agenda is the development of a new generation of industry. This extends beyond increasing production volumes to encompass technological modernization, resilient supply chains, localization, advanced processing, innovation and the creation of high-skilled jobs.

For Uzbekistan, this approach is of direct relevance. The country is steadily transitioning from an economic model primarily based on raw materials and traditional manufacturing advantages toward one in which processing industries, technology, industrial cooperation and the export of higher value-added products play an increasingly important role.

Over the coming years, Uzbekistan aims to increase industrial value added from USD 36.5 billion to at least USD 60 billion, while expanding output in high-technology and medium-high-technology industries by a factor of 2.5. In 2026, the country plans to launch 782 new industrial and infrastructure projects with a combined value of USD 52 billion.

This approach is fully consistent with modern industrial policy. Manufacturing is viewed not merely as the production of goods, but as the foundation for technological resilience, employment, export growth, energy efficiency, logistics and participation in global manufacturing value chains.

A broad range of opportunities is emerging for Uzbekistan across metallurgy, the chemical industry, electrical engineering, machinery manufacturing, automotive components, pharmaceuticals, construction materials, textiles, agro-processing and digital infrastructure. In each of these sectors, the country seeks not only to expand production volumes but also to deepen value-added processing, improve product quality and access new markets.

Critical minerals have also become an increasingly important topic. For the world's leading economies, they are closely linked to the energy transition, digitalization, battery technologies, industrial modernization and secure supply chains. For Uzbekistan, with its rich mineral resource base and developing metallurgical sector, this resource advantage can serve as the foundation for new industrial clusters and production partnerships with international investors.

At the same time, it is essential that such cooperation goes beyond the simple export of raw materials and instead focuses on creating complete value chains within the region. This includes advanced processing, technology transfer, workforce development, strengthening engineering capabilities and creating highly skilled jobs. Such a model will enable Uzbekistan to reinforce its industrial self-sufficiency while becoming an even more significant partner for major international markets.

Trade: Connectivity as a Driver of Competitiveness

The relevance of the G20 is particularly evident in the area of trade. The world's largest economies already occupy a prominent place in Uzbekistan's external economic relations.

Between January and May 2026, Uzbekistan's foreign trade turnover reached USD 32.8 billion. Its key trading partners include China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Türkiye, France, the Republic of Korea and Germany. Most of these countries are either G20 members or are closely integrated into its broader economic architecture.

Decisions taken by the world's largest economies have a direct impact on the conditions of Uzbekistan's foreign trade. Technical standards, quality requirements, rules of origin, tariff policies, logistics routes, environmental regulations and digital trade procedures have become part of the day-to-day business environment for Uzbek exporters.

As a landlocked country, transport connectivity is of particular strategic importance for Uzbekistan. In today's global economy, export competitiveness depends not only on product quality but also on the speed, cost and reliability of delivery. Consequently, the development of East-West and North-South transport corridors passing through Central Asia has become an integral part of the country's trade, transport and industrial policy.

Achieving this objective requires practical solutions, including the digitalization of transit procedures, mutual recognition of electronic transport documents and certificates, coordinated operation of border crossing points, the reduction of unjustified fees and the implementation of the "One Border – One Stop" principle. The effectiveness of these measures should be assessed not by the number of agreements signed, but by tangible reductions in delivery times and transportation costs.

At the same time, Uzbekistan's export performance demonstrates important structural changes. Between January and May 2026, exports of goods excluding gold increased by 29.4%. This indicates that the country is steadily expanding the non-resource component of its foreign trade while strengthening its competitive position in industrial products, textiles, agro-processing, services, transport and other sectors.

At this stage, it is important not only to increase export volumes but also to improve their quality. Modern trade requires internationally recognized certification, consistency, strong branding, efficient logistics and the ability to meet the standards of major global markets. International standards and domestic reforms are becoming increasingly interconnected: external markets establish the requirements, while government policy helps businesses meet them.

WTO: Rules, Trust and Market Access

Uzbekistan's accession to the World Trade Organization is now approaching its final stage. This is no longer merely a technical process, but one of the key components of the country's economic transformation toward a more open, predictable and competitive model of development.

In June 2026, the issue gained additional political and practical momentum. During the meeting between President Shavkat Mirziyoyev and United States Trade Representative Jamieson Greer, particular attention was devoted to cooperation in the context of Uzbekistan's accession to the WTO and continued U.S. support for this process. At the same time, the United States officially reaffirmed its support for Uzbekistan's membership and recognized the substantial progress achieved by the country in this area.

For Uzbekistan, WTO membership represents the institutionalization of a new economic model based on reducing unnecessary trade barriers, enhancing regulatory transparency, improving the business and investment climate, expanding opportunities for exporters and strengthening the confidence of the international business community in the Uzbek market.

Integration into the WTO framework is closely linked to Uzbekistan's investment, industrial and trade agenda. For investors, it serves as a signal of greater policy predictability. For exporters, it provides access to a transparent and rules-based international trading system. For industry, it creates incentives to improve product quality, competitiveness and compliance with modern international standards. Accordingly, WTO accession should be viewed as a natural continuation of the comprehensive reforms already underway.

The New Economy: Global Trends and Uzbekistan’s Development Path

The global economy is undergoing profound structural transformation. Supply chains are being reshaped, competition for capital and technology is intensifying, and the importance of energy resilience, food security, digital infrastructure and industrial capabilities continues to grow. These are precisely the issues at the heart of the G20 agenda.

For Uzbekistan, this transformation reinforces the relevance of the country's chosen development path. The nation is already advancing in areas that are becoming fundamental to the new economy, including investment openness, industrial modernization, transport connectivity, energy development, digital transformation, export expansion and integration into the international rules-based trading system.

As the world's leading economies focus on supply chain resilience, new opportunities emerge for Uzbekistan in logistics, industrial cooperation and regional specialization. The global energy transition is increasing demand for renewable energy, critical minerals and energy-efficient industries. Food security concerns are enhancing the importance of agro-processing and cooperation with neighboring markets. Meanwhile, the growing emphasis on digitalization and financial resilience underscores the strategic importance of fintech, IT infrastructure, artificial intelligence and modern financial institutions.

At the same time, the transition to a low-carbon economy and the adoption of new digital standards must be both fair and practically achievable for developing countries. For Uzbekistan, it is essential that new international requirements be accompanied by transparent rules, reasonable transition periods, mutual recognition of equivalent standards, access to technology and financing, and support for exporters in implementing carbon accounting, product traceability and international certification systems.

In this context, the priorities discussed within the G20 closely align with the reforms already underway in Uzbekistan. The G20 therefore provides an international framework in which the country's development strategy receives both practical relevance and additional validation.

Strategic Priorities for Growth: Capital, Technology and Exports

From the perspective of investment, industry and trade, the G20 agenda highlights several strategic priorities for Uzbekistan.

The first is capital. Uzbekistan must continue developing an investment ecosystem in which international businesses see not only promising projects but also long-term institutional reliability. This requires further development of the country's financial centre, special legal regimes, industrial zones, digital public services, investor protection mechanisms and comprehensive investment facilitation.

The second priority is industry. Uzbekistan should continue strengthening its position in higher value-added manufacturing by expanding advanced processing, developing local component industries, enhancing engineering capabilities and fostering technological partnerships. This will enable the country to become a fully integrated participant in increasingly sophisticated global manufacturing value chains.

The third priority is trade and connectivity. Export policy should be built around quality, international standards, certification, logistics, branding and reliable access to global markets. For a landlocked country, this also requires continuous investment in transport corridors, transit digitalization, lower logistics costs and greater supply chain predictability. The steady growth of non-resource exports already demonstrates that Uzbekistan is moving in the right direction, while WTO accession is expected to provide additional momentum and long-term stability.

The fourth priority is partnerships. Most of Uzbekistan's principal trade and investment partners are either G20 members or closely connected to its broader economic architecture. Accordingly, cooperation with China, Russia, Türkiye, the Republic of Korea, Germany, France, India, Japan, the United States, the European Union and the Middle East should be viewed as part of a unified strategy for integration into global networks of capital, technology and markets.

Uzbekistan and the G20: Shared Priorities, Practical Outcomes

For Uzbekistan, the G20 reflects the global processes that are becoming increasingly intertwined with the country's own development trajectory. While the G20 focuses on sustainable growth, Uzbekistan is implementing large-scale economic reforms. As industrialization remains at the forefront of the international agenda, the country is strengthening its industrial base and pursuing greater technological sophistication. As discussions center on trade and investment, Uzbekistan continues opening its markets, improving its regulatory framework and establishing modern institutions for investment and capital.

The greatest value of the G20 agenda for Uzbekistan lies in the convergence of strategic priorities. The global economy is entering a new era in which capital, technology, production and trade are being fundamentally reconfigured. In this environment, Uzbekistan seeks not only to adapt to the evolving economic landscape but also to secure a stronger and more competitive position through structural reforms, openness, industrial development and long-term international partnerships.

Central Asia plays a particularly important role in this process. The region is steadily emerging as a strategic bridge between major global markets, while Uzbekistan is becoming one of the key platforms where transport corridors, industrial value chains and investment projects are translated into tangible economic outcomes.

This is the practical significance of the G20 for Uzbekistan. It provides a clearer understanding of the direction of the global economy, enables the country to align international developments with its national priorities and transforms global trends into concrete opportunities for sustainable growth. For Uzbekistan, this represents the continued implementation of its own long-term development strategy, built upon comprehensive reforms, national interests and the growing strategic potential of Central Asia.

Culture is one of the most powerful forces that brings nations closer together and strengthens mutual trust between countries. It is the face of a nation, the reflection of its spiritual identity, its history and future, and the cradle of centuries-old values. Today, relations between countries are shaped not only by economic interests but also by cultural and humanitarian cooperation, which gives international partnerships new meaning and significance.

In recent years, Uzbekistan's international cultural ties have expanded considerably as a result of the country's open and pragmatic foreign policy. The recognition of cultural diplomacy by the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan as one of the key instruments of foreign policy has significantly strengthened the country's presence in the global cultural arena. In this context, cultural cooperation with the United States occupies a special place.

Over the past several years, bilateral relations have steadily developed on the basis of this very principle. Cooperation in culture, education, academic exchange, and the preservation of cultural heritage has become an integral part of the partnership between the two countries. This demonstrates that Uzbekistan–U.S. relations are entering a new stage of strategic cooperation.

Turning to specific examples, cultural exchanges between the two countries have intensified since 2017. Concerts and master classes held in Tashkent with the participation of American conductors, musicians, and professors opened a new chapter in professional exchange between the musical communities of Uzbekistan and the United States. These visits contributed to the development of national artistic traditions and contemporary performance practices while creating new opportunities for future generations of musicians.

That same year, the American ensemble Gina Chavez Band performed at the 11th International Music Festival "Sharq Taronalari" ("Melodies of the East") held in Samarkand, the spiritual capital of Uzbekistan.

The festival provided American artists with a unique opportunity to become acquainted with the rich musical heritage of Central Asia. The band's subsequent participation in the International Jazz Festival in Uzbekistan demonstrated that cultural dialogue between the two countries has evolved into sustained and long-term cooperation rather than remaining a one-time initiative.

Education has become another important pillar of cultural cooperation. In 2017, professors from the Michigan State University College of Music conducted master classes at the State Conservatory of Uzbekistan. Later, in 2022, cooperation was established between the R. Glière Specialized Music School and Bemidji State University in Minnesota. These initiatives created new opportunities for young musicians while laying the foundation for long-term academic partnerships between educational institutions in both countries.

It is worth emphasizing that Uzbekistan's open foreign policy has significantly expanded the country's participation in the international cultural landscape. Prestigious international festivals held in Samarkand, Khiva, Bukhara, Kokand, Nukus, Namangan, and Andijan have not only showcased Uzbekistan's rich cultural heritage but have also strengthened humanitarian dialogue with countries around the world.

A remarkable example of cultural diplomacy in practice was the U.S. government's grant of USD 150,000 in 2019 for the restoration of the Tosh Hovli Palace in Khiva. The subsequent visit of representatives of the Smithsonian Institution further confirmed the continuity of cooperation in the field of cultural heritage preservation. During their visit, the delegation explored the historic city of Khiva and highly praised the cultural and historical significance of Uzbekistan's ancient cities.

Since 2020, cultural relations have become even more diverse. A special project launched in the United States to study traditional Uzbek dance, together with the regular participation of American specialists in the International Lazgi Festival in Khiva, the International Charity Arts Festivals in Nukus and Gulistan, the International Handicrafts Festival in Kokand, and the "Echoes of the World" Forum in Andijan, demonstrates the expanding scope and growing depth of cultural dialogue between the two nations.

This evolution reveals an important trend. While cooperation initially focused primarily on concerts and festivals, it has gradually expanded to include education, restoration, cultural heritage preservation, traditional crafts, dance, maqom music, and many other fields. This reflects the systematic development of bilateral cooperation and the emergence of a more comprehensive partnership.

Culture is not only a spiritual value but also a key component of the creative economy. Through cinema, music, tourism, handicrafts, and international festivals, countries strengthen their economic potential while promoting innovation and cultural exchange. From this perspective, cultural cooperation between Uzbekistan and the United States creates new opportunities for the development of creative industries in both countries.

Furthermore, the participation of American representatives in the International Bakhshi Art Festival in Khiva and the Third International Maqom Art Forum held in Namangan under the auspices of UNESCO and ICESCO has contributed to the international promotion of Uzbekistan's intangible cultural heritage. Such participation enhances the global recognition of Uzbek culture while fostering greater interest among the American public in Uzbekistan's rich artistic traditions.

This year, one of the most significant events was the meeting of the Ministers of Culture of the Central Asian countries and the United States, held in Tashkent. During the meeting, participants discussed prospects for expanding cultural and humanitarian cooperation, including the development of creative industries, digital cultural initiatives, professional exchanges, and collaboration in cinema, theatre, literature, and music.

At the conclusion of the meeting, the participants signed the Joint Statement of the Council of Ministers of Culture on the Preservation of Cultural Heritage, adopted within the framework of the C5+1 Summit held in Washington, D.C. In addition, Uzbekistan's Minister of Culture, Ozodbek Nazarbekov, met with Kazakhstan's Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Culture and Information, Aida Balayeva, to discuss further strengthening bilateral cooperation in literature and theatre.

In conclusion, culture has become one of the most enduring pillars of international relations. Political circumstances may change, and economic priorities may evolve, but cultural ties remain deeply rooted in the hearts, minds, and shared memory of peoples.

Climate change, diminishing water resources, biodiversity loss and transboundary environmental challenges in Central Asia require closer cooperation among the countries of the region. In this context, environmental cooperation between Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan has developed steadily in recent years and is entering a qualitatively new stage.

The legal foundation for bilateral environmental cooperation was established by the Intergovernmental Agreement on Cooperation in the Field of Environmental Protection and the Rational Use of Natural Resources, signed on 24 December 1996. Building on this framework, the relevant ministries and agencies of both countries have maintained regular dialogue. Specialists from Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan actively participate in environmental forums, international conferences, scientific seminars, and training programmes, exchanging knowledge and best practices on current environmental issues.

It is noteworthy that cooperation between the two countries intensified significantly during the period 2022–2025. In 2022, representatives of Uzbekistan participated in the Seventh Steering Committee Meeting of the Global Snow Leopard and Ecosystem Protection Program (GSLEP), held in Bishkek. In 2023, a regional seminar on combating illegal wildlife trade became an important platform for enhancing the professional capacity of specialists from both countries. In 2024, cooperation continued through a training seminar dedicated to the preparation of Biennial Transparency Reports under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).

On 19 July 2024, a Memorandum on the Allocation of Grant-Based Study Places at Green University was signed with the Ministry of Natural Resources, Ecology and Technical Supervision of the Kyrgyz Republic. The memorandum contributes to the development of a new model for training highly qualified environmental professionals. In addition, in December 2024, Green University, in cooperation with the Embassy of the Kyrgyz Republic, organized an event marking the International Mountain Day, representing an important step toward strengthening environmental diplomacy and scientific cooperation.

Environmental challenges do not recognize national borders. For this reason, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan actively cooperate through a number of regional and international initiatives. In 2019, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Uzbekistan signed a Memorandum on the Management of the UNESCO Transboundary World Natural Heritage Site "Western Tien-Shan." This document became an important mechanism for preserving the region's unique mountain ecosystems. In 2021, the parties also signed a Memorandum of Understanding on the Conservation of the Snow Leopard, Its Prey Species, and Their Habitats in the Western Tien-Shan and Pamir-Alai Mountains.

In addition, the two countries cooperate actively within the frameworks of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), the International Fund for Saving the Aral Sea (IFAS), GSLEP and other international platforms. In 2023, the Central Asian countries prepared a joint climate statement during COP28. In 2024, ministers responsible for environmental affairs from across the region participated in the opening ceremony of Green University. In 2025, the delegation of Uzbekistan actively participated in the Ninth Steering Committee Meeting of GSLEP, held in Cholpon-Ata.

Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan are also implementing joint projects with a number of leading international organizations. These include cooperation with Fauna & Flora International (FFI) to combat illegal wildlife trade, participation in the Green Central Asia programme implemented by GIZ, initiatives on climate risk management and integrated land resources management, as well as projects of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) aimed at strengthening landscape resilience to zoonotic diseases. These initiatives contribute to improving environmental governance across the region, enhancing scientific capacity, and promoting the adoption of modern environmental technologies.

Today, the two countries face a number of new priorities for cooperation.

First, involving the Kyrgyz Republic in the activities of the existing Uzbekistan–Kazakhstan Joint Working Group on Water Quality in the Syr Darya Basin and Environmental Protection would contribute to more effective management of transboundary water resources.

Second, strengthening dialogue on the joint management of protected natural areas within the Western Tien-Shan would help conserve biodiversity, protect wildlife migration corridors and expand scientific cooperation and information exchange.

Third, promoting the development of a Regional Environmental Performance Review for the countries of Central Asia, with the support of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), would establish a unified regional mechanism for assessing the effectiveness of environmental policies. Equally important is the expansion of joint scientific research on ecology, water resources, glacier monitoring, high-mountain snow cover, and biodiversity, with particular emphasis on strengthening transboundary environmental security.

Today, environmental cooperation between Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan is evolving into a strategic partnership. Joint initiatives in the areas of climate action, water security, biodiversity conservation, the green economy, and scientific innovation are of great importance not only for the two countries but also for strengthening the environmental sustainability of Central Asia as a whole.

There is every reason to believe that further expansion of scientific cooperation, stronger transboundary environmental monitoring, broader international partnerships, and the continued development of environmental diplomacy will elevate the strategic partnership between the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Kyrgyz Republic to a new level, contributing to sustainable development across the region.