Cooperation between the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Republic of Kazakhstan in tourism is an important direction of bilateral relations and holds a special place within the broader framework of cultural and humanitarian ties between the two neighboring countries. Geographic proximity, a shared historical and cultural foundation, and the rich heritage of the Great Silk Road create favorable conditions for developing tourism interaction and strengthening friendly relations between the peoples.

In recent years, there has been a steady increase in tourist travel between Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan. According to statistics, 2.29 million Kazakhstani citizens visited Uzbekistan in 2018, followed by 2.26 million in 2019. Despite a decline caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the numbers began to rise again in subsequent years, reaching 2.67 million in 2025. This data indicates a consistently growing interest among Kazakhstanis in Uzbekistan's cultural and historical heritage.

Particular attention is being paid to promoting a unified tourist route along the Great Silk Road, connecting the historic cities of Samarkand, Bukhara, Turkestan, and Almaty. This project is considered one of the key tools for integrating the tourism markets of Central Asia.

A landmark event in this regard was the launch in November 2024 of the tourist train “Jibek Joly” on the route Almaty — Turkestan — Tashkent — Almaty. In October 2025, the tourist train “Jibek Joly-6.0” resumed its journey along the route Almaty – Turkestan – Otrar – Samarkand – Bukhara – Tashkent – Almaty. This train not only promotes the development of railway tourism but also symbolizes the strong ties between the two countries, connecting major cultural centers in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan.

Regular contacts between tourism companies and media representatives of the two countries also play an important role in strengthening these ties. Kazakh representatives traditionally participate in the Tashkent International Tourism Fair (TITF), while the Uzbek side participates in the Kazakhstan International Exhibition *Tourism & Travel* (KITF). Such events facilitate the exchange of experience, establishment of partnerships, and promotion of joint projects.

In recent years, informational and promotional activities have also intensified: familiarization tours, filming of movies and TV programs about Uzbekistan’s attractions, and visits by bloggers and journalists have been organized.

Between 2023 and 2025, several important high-level visits took place, during which investment cooperation, promotion of cultural brands, and strengthening the region’s image as a unified tourist space were discussed. In September 2025, the parties developed a draft Joint Action Plan for Tourism for 2025–2026, which is expected to be signed during the visit of Kazakh leadership to Uzbekistan.

Thus, tourism cooperation between the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Republic of Kazakhstan is developing on a solid legal and contractual basis and demonstrates a stable positive dynamic. The parties are actively expanding forms of interaction — from exchanging experience and participating jointly in international forums to implementing large-scale investment projects. Considering the rich historical and cultural heritage, favorable geographic location, and strategic partnership, it can be confidently stated that Uzbekistan-Kazakhstan cooperation in tourism has significant potential for further growth and for strengthening mutual understanding between the two fraternal nations.

Uzbekistan is becoming an increasingly sought-after destination for international travel. From January to July 2026, the country welcomed around 7.75 million foreign tourists — up 22.6 percent year-on-year. Over the same period, tourism service exports reached roughly $3.9 billion. Against this backdrop, the Republic of Korea remains one of the leading long-haul markets for Uzbekistan's tourism industry.

Interest among Korean travelers in Uzbekistan continues to grow. In January–July 2026, Korea ranked third among long-haul markets by number of tourists visiting Uzbekistan, behind only China and Turkey. During this period, 26,500 tourists arrived from the Republic of Korea. Current figures already exceed pre-pandemic levels: Uzbekistan was visited by 35,500 Korean citizens in 2019, 41,300 in 2024, and 46,300 in 2025 — almost a third more than in 2019.

Behind this growth lie concrete changes. Korean travelers don't need to arrange a visa in advance: a 30-day visa-free regime has been in place for them since February 2018. Uzbekistan and the Republic of Korea are connected by direct flights. Together, visa-free travel and direct air links make trips between the two countries considerably more accessible and convenient.

But accessibility is only one side of the equation. To encourage more travelers to choose Uzbekistan, the country needs a real presence on the Korean tourism market itself — working with tour operators, clear itineraries and offers, destination promotion, and service that meets guests' expectations.

That's why direct ties between the tourism businesses of the two countries are becoming increasingly important. In October 2024, the Uzbek-Korean Tourism Forum in Seoul brought together more than 100 industry representatives. Uzbekistan presented its cultural heritage and tourism potential, while Uzbek tour operators and airlines showcased routes and offers for the Korean market. B2B meetings were a central part of the program, allowing companies from both countries to discuss trip organization to Uzbekistan directly.

This work is set to continue through closer engagement with the Korea Association of Travel Agents (KATA). Initiatives under consideration include joint events involving the tourism business community and promotion of Uzbekistan as a tourism destination in the Republic of Korea. In turn, Korean companies are expected to be drawn more actively into the Tashkent International Tourism Fair (TITF).

There's also a less visible but no less important part of the cooperation — service quality. To work with the Korean market, Uzbekistan needs specialists who speak the language and better understand guests' needs. Currently there aren't enough such guides, which is why expanding their training has been singled out as a separate area of future work.

Here, the Republic of Korea could become not just a source of tourists but a partner in developing the industry itself. Together with the Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA), plans under discussion include bringing Korean experts into Uzbekistan's tourism education institutions, training and experience exchange, and organizing training programs for specialists in the Republic of Korea. It has also been proposed to open a Korean language and culture center at the International University of Tourism and Cultural Heritage "Silk Road" in Samarkand.

This kind of professional exchange is already underway. In May of this year, representatives of Uzbekistan's Tourism Committee took part in the KOPIST High-Level Tourism Policy Forum organized by the Republic of Korea's Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism. And in June, an Uzbek project took first place at the KOPIST-2026 tourism project presentation.

The cooperation between the two countries also rests on a long-standing institutional foundation. An intergovernmental agreement on tourism has been in place since 2012. Now it's proposed to take the next step — developing a separate agreement between the relevant agencies of both countries, along with an action plan to increase tourism exchange.

Today the task goes beyond simply increasing the number of trips. It's about consistently linking the factors that directly shape a traveler's choice: convenient connections, accessibility, appealing tourism offers, and quality service — while also connecting tour operators, educational institutions, and relevant organizations in Uzbekistan and the Republic of Korea. It is precisely in these areas that new opportunities for tourism cooperation between the two countries are now emerging.

Personal safety is increasingly becoming one of the key factors influencing travelers' choice of destination. This aspect is reflected in the Safety Perceptions Index 2023, an international study published by the Institute for Economics & Peace (Vision of Humanity).

According to the study, Uzbekistan ranked first among 121 countries in terms of perceived personal safety. Unlike conventional rankings based on crime statistics, the Index measures how safe people feel in their daily lives, drawing on data from the global World Risk Poll.

In recent years, safety has become an increasingly important consideration for the global tourism industry. Alongside transport accessibility, service quality and tourism infrastructure, the perception of personal security plays a significant role in shaping confidence in a destination and influencing travel decisions.

In this context, the findings of the Safety Perceptions Index offer an additional perspective on Uzbekistan's tourism potential. Alongside its rich historical and cultural heritage, diverse travel experiences and continuously developing tourism infrastructure, the country's high level of perceived safety contributes to its international image as a welcoming destination.

The combination of cultural heritage, renowned hospitality, ongoing tourism reforms and a comfortable public environment creates favorable conditions for visitors. As Uzbekistan continues to expand its international tourism profile, findings from independent global studies provide valuable insight into how the country is perceived by people around the world.

Link to the analytical report:

https://www.visionofhumanity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/SPI-2023-2.pdf

In recent years, tourism has become one of the priority areas in Uzbekistan’s foreign economic strategy. As part of this policy, the country is actively strengthening its partnership with the European Union, turning the tourism sector into a powerful driver of economic growth, cultural exchange, and enhanced international reputation.

Collaboration with the EU encompasses a broad spectrum of initiatives — from joint infrastructure and digital projects to promoting tourism on the global stage. A significant milestone was the first “Central Asia – European Union” summit held in April 2025 in Samarkand. A declaration on strategic partnership was adopted at the summit, highlighting the importance of tourism development.

President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Shavkat Mirziyoyev, put forward the “One Tour – The Whole Region” initiative, aimed at unifying Central Asian tourist routes in line with EU standards. The goal is to simplify visa procedures, promote cultural exchange, and make travel across the region more accessible and appealing to European tourists.

Cultural cooperation has become a key element of this partnership. One of the most notable events was the large-scale production of the ballet Lazgi, which symbolized the cultural dialogue between Uzbekistan and the countries of Europe. Uzbekistan is also participating in international programs such as Horizon Europe, which contribute to the development of scientific and educational potential, directly impacting the quality of tourism services.

The economic benefits are already noticeable. In 2025, Uzbekistan expects to welcome over 11 million foreign tourists, with industry revenues projected to reach $4 billion. To achieve these goals, the country is actively modernizing its infrastructure and implementing digital solutions in the tourism sector. For example, the CAREN program established high-speed connectivity between universities in Central Asia and Europe, promoting the exchange of knowledge and innovation in the field of tourism.

Special attention is given to promoting Uzbekistan’s tourism image on international platforms. Leading media outlets such as Euronews, BBC, CNN, and National Geographic present the country as a promising destination, which contributes to the growth of tourist inflow from Europe.

A significant contribution to the promotion was made by the roadshows organized in European capitals—Berlin, Paris, Madrid, Rome, Zagreb, and Warsaw. These events not only showcased Uzbekistan’s cultural heritage but also served as a platform for establishing business connections with tour operators and investors.

Moreover, sustainable tourism development is a key focus: projects aimed at preserving natural and cultural heritage are being implemented, environmental standards are being introduced in tourist areas, and green infrastructure is being developed.

The partnership between Uzbekistan and the European Union in tourism is more than just an exchange of experience—it is a strategic alliance that brings real economic, cultural, and social benefits. This collaboration creates new opportunities for the region, strengthens bonds between peoples, and makes Central Asia more open and appealing to the world.

Chairman of the Tourism Committee
 U.Shadiev

Uzbekistan, with its rich cultural heritage, historical monuments and beautiful nature, is among the states that pay great attention to the development of tourism. The Strategy "Uzbekistan - 2030" sets the task of increasing the number of tourists by creating broad conditions for the development of foreign and domestic tourism.

In terms of the number of foreign tourists, Uzbekistan has reached 98% of the level observed before the pandemic. In particular, 6.748 million foreign tourists visited the country in 2019, and by 2023, this number amounted to 6.626 million. This indicates the rapid recovery of the tourism industry in our country.

In order to attract more foreign tourists, Uzbekistan is taking practical measures to simplify the visa regime, develop new destinations, attract investment in projects related to this industry and hold major events. For example, in 2023, 508 projects with a total value of 9.5 trillion soums were implemented, which created 9,492 new jobs. 183 new hotels and 232 hostels were opened, with the total number of accommodation facilities reaching 5,526. In addition, 452 family guesthouses were established, the total number of which reached 3,458. With the opening of 810 new tourism organizations and travel agencies, their total number increased to 2,649.

From 2017 to 2023, the number of foreign tourists visiting Uzbekistan has increased significantly. In particular, in 2017, 2.7 million people visited the country, and in 2023, this figure amounted to 6.6 million, which is 2.5 times more than in 2017 and 1.3 times more than in 2022.

The number of tourists from Japan in 2023 increased 5 times, from India and Italy 3.5 times, and from the United States 2 times. In 2023, foreign tourists from neighboring countries accounted for 80.7%, as well as 11.5% from other CIS countries and 7.8% from other countries. The average duration of stay of tourists increased to 4-5 days, which is 1.5 times more compared to 2022 (3 days). This indicates the creation of all necessary conditions for comfortable stay of tourists in the country.

Domestic tourism is also developing rapidly. Within the framework of the program "Travel Uzbekistan!" 15 million people traveled around the country, making 21 million visits to various regions. As social support, 1,100 people with disabilities and 570,000 young people were sent on trips.

In 2023, tourism services exports totaled $2.1435 billion, a 1.3-fold increase from 2022. Also, about 70 thousand new jobs were created in tourism and related industries. This shows that the country has created all necessary conditions for tourists, which contributes to economic growth and improvement of living standards of the population.

The development of tourism also contributes to achieving high positions of the country in international rankings. For example, in the Global Muslim Travel Index (GMTI-2023) Uzbekistan ranked 13th among 140 countries in terms of international pilgrimage tourism. At the Halal In Travel Awards 2023 ceremony, the city of Khiva was honored as the Islamic Heritage Tourism Destination of the Year.

At the 25th session of the UNWTO General Assembly held in 2023 in Samarkand city, Sentob village in Navoi region won the nomination "Best Tourism Village of 2023". In addition, the international publishing house Lonely Planet awarded Uzbekistan a special certificate in the nomination "Best Tourist Destination 2024".

Uzbekistan's inclusion in the list of the best countries for travel in 2024, according to the World of Statistics announcement, contributes to an increase in the number of foreign tourists and the volume of exports of tourism services. All this helps to strengthen the country's international image.

In general, the current state of Uzbekistan's tourism industry and its development trends demonstrate positive results. The analysis of measures taken for further development of tourism and prospects for the future confirms the strategic importance of this industry. In addition, the tasks on tourism development envisioned in the strategy "Uzbekistan - 2030" contribute to increasing the population's income, creating new jobs and ensuring the welfare of the people.



Iskandar Urokboyev,

Chief Specialist of the Department for Monitoring and Analysis of Economic Reforms of the Development Strategy Center

Tourism in Uzbekistan is experiencing a period of notable growth. More and more international travelers are choosing the country, and as tourist flows increase, so do opportunities for travel: new routes and tourism products are emerging, while ties with foreign partners are becoming stronger. From January to August 2026, Uzbekistan welcomed 9.1 million foreign tourists — 21.1% more than during the same period last year.

Cooperation with the CIS countries plays an important role in this process. Uzbekistan shares long-standing cultural ties, well-developed transport connections, and sustained mutual interest in travel with these countries. The figures are telling. In the first eight months of 2026, nearly 868,000 tourists from Russia visited Uzbekistan — 30.8% more than a year earlier. As a result, among countries that do not border Uzbekistan, Russia is the largest source of tourists. Growth in tourist flows from Azerbaijan has been even more pronounced: the number of travelers from Azerbaijan to Uzbekistan increased by 63.3% compared with the same period last year, reaching 22,000.

These figures are also the result of practical cooperation — from transport links and direct contacts between tourism industry representatives to the promotion of new destinations and travel programs. In March, for example, Uzbekistan presented its tourism potential at MITT-2026, the Moscow International Exhibition of Tourism and Hospitality Industry, where B2B meetings were held with Russian partners, involving more than 200 companies. Air connectivity is also expanding: the Kazan–Tashkent route was launched in 2026, while further expansion of the direct-flight network is under discussion, including routes from Russia to Samarkand, Bukhara, Namangan, and Fergana.

With Azerbaijan, one of the notable areas of cooperation has been the joint promotion of the two countries' tourism opportunities abroad. In 2025, Uzbekistan and Azerbaijan held the European roadshow “Highlights of the Silk Road,” covering Frankfurt, Vienna, Zurich, Budapest, Prague, and Barcelona. Cooperation is also continuing at the professional level through the participation of tourism industry representatives in specialized events and familiarization tours in both countries.

Uzbekistan has even closer tourism ties with its neighboring states. Here, not only geographical proximity and traditionally high levels of mutual travel play a role. Cooperation is gradually expanding to cover a growing range of practical issues — from the work of tour operators and cross-border tourism to the creation of routes that combine the attractions and opportunities of several territories. Cooperation with Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan is developing at the level of relevant government agencies, regions, and tourism businesses. Joint presentations of tourism potential, industry meetings, forums, and familiarization tours are being held, while direct contacts between tour operators are being maintained. In particular, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan have prepared a draft tourism cooperation program for 2026–2027.

At the same time, the high level of mutual travel and the experience accumulated through cooperation open up significantly broader opportunities. The potential of existing ties can be used not only to further develop tourism between the countries of the region, but also to jointly attract travelers from other parts of the world.

For a tourist traveling to Central Asia from afar, the opportunity to visit several countries as part of a single trip can be an additional advantage. The cities of the Great Silk Road, pilgrimage centers, natural areas, cuisine, crafts, and traditions of different countries do not necessarily have to compete with one another. Instead, they can complement each other, creating a richer and longer travel experience.

This perspective is reflected in the initiative of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Shavkat Mirziyoyev, to create a “Central Asian Tourism Ring,” put forward this spring at the 59th Annual Meeting of the Board of Governors of the Asian Development Bank in Samarkand.

The head of state noted that Central Asia has significant potential in pilgrimage, cultural, gastronomic, ethnographic, adventure, and medical tourism. In this regard, he proposed creating a tourism space that would bring together the countries of the region.

There is already a foundation for such an approach. Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan are already developing joint tourism products, including “Silk Road Journeys” and “Journeys to the Natural Attractions of Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan.” Further proposals include developing combined tours, organizing joint expeditions by tourism companies, and promoting Central Asia as a single tourist destination for visitors from third countries.

There is also progress in other areas, particularly in introducing a simplified border-crossing mechanism between Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan. This is gradually creating conditions in which traveling across several countries becomes not only an interesting experience for tourists, but also a more convenient one.

The next important task is to turn individual initiatives and routes into a clear and attractive proposition for international travelers. This requires convenient transport connections, easier movement between countries, ready-made combined travel programs, and closer cooperation among tour operators. In this way, the geographical proximity of the countries can become an advantage, allowing Central Asia to be presented as a region where travelers can experience a remarkably diverse range of tourism offerings within a single trip.

In this context, cooperation on multilateral platforms is also gaining particular importance. The upcoming Consultative Meeting of the Heads of State of Central Asia and the meeting of the Council of Heads of State of the CIS will once again bring regional cooperation issues to the forefront. For the tourism industry, the experience accumulated through cooperation creates an opportunity to move further — from intensive mutual travel and individual joint projects toward more systematic efforts to attract travelers from other parts of the world.

For Uzbekistan, this represents an opportunity to develop its own tourism destinations while also incorporating them into longer journeys across Central Asia. In this format, each country retains its own tourism appeal, while the proximity and diversity of the countries in the region become an additional advantage for international travelers.

According to the Travel & Tourism Economic Impact Research 2026 report published by the World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC), Central Asia was the world's fastest-growing tourism region in 2025.

WTTC conducts its annual research by dividing the world into 13 major regions. Based on the 2025 results, Central Asia ranked first globally across several key tourism performance indicators. Uzbekistan emerged as the regional leader, recording the strongest performance among the Central Asian countries across all of these indicators.

According to the report, the total contribution of travel and tourism to Central Asia's gross domestic product (GDP) increased by 17.7% in 2025, while the sector's direct contribution to GDP grew by 19.6%. Visitor exports reached $9.9 billion, representing a 26.4% increase compared to the previous year. Central Asia ranked first in the world in terms of growth in visitor exports. Nearly half of the region's total visitor exports came from Uzbekistan, which generated $4.8 billion in tourism exports in 2025.

According to WTTC data for 2025, Uzbekistan was the most popular travel destination for residents of Central Asia.

Report notes that Uzbekistan's leading position is driven by its rich historical and cultural heritage and its strong appeal to travellers from across the region. “Overall, these figures confirm the regional nature of tourism: residents of Central Asia travel within their own region more frequently than anywhere else”, the report states.

In addition, WTTC highlights the significant potential for creating a unified tourism space across Central Asia. According to the organization's experts, simplifying border procedures, expanding air connectivity and transport infrastructure, developing joint tourism routes, and promoting Central Asia as a single tourism destination will help attract more international visitors from other regions of the world.

According to the report, 64.3% of all tourism spending in Central Asia in 2025 came from international visitors, while 35.7% was generated by domestic tourism within the region. Among international visitor spending, 84.5% was related to leisure travel and 15.5% to business travel.

WTTC forecasts that by 2036, the total contribution of the travel and tourism sector to Central Asia's economy will reach $29.7 billion.

Legal education occupies a central place in shaping the legal consciousness and legal culture of the population. Therefore, in all his speeches, the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan pays serious attention to the importance of legal culture and the issue of its enhancement.

To this end, the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated January 9, 2019 "On radical improvement of the system of raising legal consciousness and legal culture in society" was adopted, in which the social and economic reforms being implemented in the country are defined as the main tasks of raising legal consciousness and legal culture in society, the formation of a system of consistent communication to the population of the content and essence of the social and economic reforms being carried out in our country, the legislative acts and state programs being adopted, strengthening the life of the population, strengthening the legal culture in the country, and the development of a system of legal education.

This decree establishes that the raising of legal awareness and legal culture in society must be organized systematically and coherently on the principle of the individual, the family, the makhalla, the educational institution, the organization and society. In order to raise the legal consciousness and culture of the population, according to the "Uzbekistan - 2030" strategy, the number of non-State general secondary education organizations should be increased to 1000, the proportion of students studying in non-State general education institutions should be increased to 1000, secondary education organizations should be increased threefold, the level of coverage of young people in higher education should be increased to at least 50%, and the number of lawyers should be increased to at least 2000.

Thanks to the independence in the formation of legal consciousness and culture of the population, the new legal thinking and high spiritual potential of our people found its expression as an ideological basis in our updated Constitution. Our Constitution has emerged, on the one hand, as a direct product of the legal system, legal ideology and culture, which is a high expression of public legal consciousness, and, on the other hand, as an important factor in the formation of legal consciousness, new thinking and culture of the population, their positive orientation and elevation.

In our updated Constitution, important attention has been paid to the issue of raising the legal consciousness and culture of our citizens. Since article 50 of the Constitution provides that everyone has the right to education, that the State ensures the development of the system of continuing education, its various types and forms, and State and non-State educational organizations, that the State creates conditions for the development of preschool education and upbringing, guarantees free general secondary education and primary vocational education, that general secondary education is compulsory, that preschool education and upbringing, article 51 of the Constitution provides that preschool education and upbringing are compulsory, and that preschool education and upbringing are compulsory.

There is currently a need to overcome the legal illiteracy found in our society, to foster respect for the law and to achieve intolerance of corruption. An important component of all the work on withering the amateurism, the root of legal illiteracy is legal education of citizens. Legal education is not a simple aggregate of knowledge of law in a person and formal knowledge of legal issues, but a conscious assimilation of the basic provisions of the law, transformation of the acquired knowledge into personal trust, strict observance of the law, the subsequent transformation of its fulfillment into an internal need and habit.

A great role in legal education is played by fiction, mass media, television, radio and the press. The education of legal consciousness is an integral part of the cultural life of society as a whole and of the social function of the State. The main areas of education for legal awareness are legal training, carried out in the course of educational work, the promotion of legal knowledge through the mass media, wall newspapers, lectures, round tables, meetings, oral propaganda, theme evenings, and coercion to fulfill legal requirements.

Educational work raises the individual legal consciousness of a person to the understanding of the most general legal principles and requirements that are in the interests of the whole society and the state.
The task of raising free, educated and competent professional personnel who know their law, who rely on their own strengths and capabilities, who approach events around them independently and consciously, and who consider their personal interests in harmony with the interests of the country and the people, is one of the most pressing issues in the establishment of the New Uzbekistan.

It is necessary that every professional should be well aware of the legal acts of his/her branch and profession and be able to defend them. Therefore, equipping professional staff with legal consciousness, legal culture and legal knowledge is one of the main tasks of a country building a democratic State based on the rule of law. As long as every member of society does not know and realize his rights, duties and responsibilities, does not consider them as his vital need, our ultimate goal will be meaningless.

Legal culture is a qualitative application of law in the life of society. It is a kind of barometer in the use of legal opportunities in solving everyday problems and issues, in meeting the needs of the people. Legal culture as a component of the general culture of society provides conscious management of society, implementation of program tasks set before us, concerted activity of people to form the foundations of civil society with full awareness of the fundamental nature of social and political reforms carried out in our country.

Therefore, the current state of development of society requires a comprehensive improvement of legal culture, legal literacy of all participants of legal relations. Legal culture as a complex of legal knowledge, legal needs and isochoric practical activity serves to ensure the successful solution of the tasks facing society and the state.

One of the most important components of all the work to eradicate ego, legal illiteracy, loss of interest in themselves and others and indifference is the improvement of legal education of citizens. Legal education is not just a set of knowledge of law in a person and formal knowledge of legal issues, but a conscious assimilation of the basic provisions of the law, the transformation of acquired knowledge into personal trust, strict compliance with the law, the subsequent transformation of its implementation into an internal need and habit, the formation of legal activity of citizens.

A great role in legal education is played by fiction, mass media, television, radio and the press. Education of legal consciousness is an integral part of the cultural life of the whole society and the social function of the state. The main areas of education of citizens' legal consciousness are legal education of citizens in the course of educational work, propaganda of legal knowledge through the mass media, wall newspapers, lectures, round tables, meetings, oral propaganda, theme evenings, and coercion to fulfill legal requirements.

Further expansion of the scope of legal knowledge training in general education schools and academic lycées, the preparation of manuals in the form of questions and answers on legal issues frequently encountered in the daily life of the population and their free distribution to the public are of great importance in the development of the public's legal awareness and culture.

According to the Statistics Agency under the President of Uzbekistan, the number of general education establishments has increased by 660 over the past five years, and by the beginning of the 2023-2024 school year the number of operating general education establishments will total 10,750.

The number of non-state general education organizations is also increasing. According to the statistical department, by the beginning of the 2023/24 school year, the number of operating non-state general education organizations in Uzbekistan amounted to 293. Compared to the beginning of the 2018/2019 academic year, this indicator increased by 235.

Door-to-door promotion of legal solutions to issues frequently encountered in everyday life and the essence of newly adopted legislative acts plays an important role in raising the legal awareness and culture of the population, as well as free distribution of leaflets, booklets and other handouts to families aimed at conveying legal information, holding regular legal propaganda events among young people and parents on the age of marriage, conditions of alimony payment, incest and its legal consequences, discussion in the neighborhoods of the various

In addition, to review and organize the teaching of special courses" "study of the Constitution" and "study of human rights" in terms of systematic instruction in all types of education, to create a system of new-generation legal textbooks and teaching aids, including teaching aids for elementary school pupils in general education schools aimed at simple and visual instruction in legal knowledge, to organize and conduct national competitions in legal studies among pupils and students of educational establishments

There are currently 2,140 media outlets operating in our country, an increase of 626 from 2016. The fact that 65 percent of them are non-state media indicates that structural changes are consistently taking place in this sphere. It should be noted that along with traditional publications, online publications are rapidly developing, their number has reached 745, and they are attracting more and more readers.

The mass media of our country are boldly entering the international information space. The programs of the National Television and Radio Company of Uzbekistan and a number of private television studios are broadcast in more than 100 countries. Uzbekistan's national news agency, the Dunyo news agency, disseminates its news in 10 foreign languages.

It should be further recognized that the workers of the publishing and printing industry make a worthy contribution to the noble cause of popularizing reading in our country. The fact that 132 million copies of books on art and other literature have been published by the republic's publishing houses in recent years undoubtedly plays an important role in raising the consciousness of our book-loving people, first of all our youth.

Strengthening the role of the mass media in ensuring public control in raising the legal awareness and culture of the population, strengthening their links with government bodies and civil society institutions, training, retraining and professional development of teachers, expanding the scope of master's and doctoral theses on raising legal culture, with special attention paid to a comprehensive study of conflicts and violence in the family and their socio-legal consequences.

Thus, in order to increase the effectiveness of work on raising legal consciousness and culture of the population, to further improve their legal knowledge, to create in all higher educational institutions of our country departments of law, to establish in this department excellent teaching of such disciplines as law, constitutional law, human rights, to systematically organize on TV and radio channels a series of programs and broadcasts on human rights, as well as it is advisable to create in all pedagogical universities of our country the faculty of law and to train at it a legal expert.



Muhammadi Usmanov,

Professor of the University of Public Security

Professor of the University of Public Security of the Republic of Uzbekistan,

Doctor of Law

Cooperation between Uzbekistan and Serbia in the field of tourism is gradually reaching a new level. Although bilateral tourism ties are still at an early stage of development, the two countries have significant potential for expanding mutual tourism, jointly promoting tourism products and exchanging experience in promising areas of the industry.

Uzbekistan and Serbia boast rich historical and cultural heritage, distinctive traditions and diverse tourism resources. For Serbia, particular interest lies in its historical and cultural centers of Belgrade, Novi Sad, Niš, Kragujevac and Subotica, as well as the Zlatibor natural and recreational area. Uzbekistan, in turn, offers unique monuments of the Great Silk Road, the ancient cities of Samarkand, Bukhara, Khiva and Shahrisabz, as well as broad opportunities for the development of cultural, gastronomic, pilgrimage, ecotourism and other types of tourism.

An important step in strengthening bilateral cooperation was the signing, on October 28, 2025, of the Intergovernmental Agreement between the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Republic of Serbia on cooperation in the field of tourism.

The agreement provides a framework for expanding cooperation between relevant government authorities, tourism organizations and business representatives of the two countries. Promising areas include the exchange of experience, promotion of tourism potential, development of tourism products, attraction of investment and expansion of tourist exchanges.

Another factor contributing to the growth of mutual travel is the visa-free entry regime for Serbian citizens traveling to Uzbekistan, which has been in effect since 2019.

Serbia has significant potential for tourism development. Tourism plays a notable role in the Serbian economy. In 2024, the country's tourism-related foreign exchange revenues amounted to approximately €2.5 billion, increasing to around €2.9 billion in 2025.

In 2024, the gross value added generated by Serbia's tourism sector amounted to approximately €1.8 billion, or 2.1 percent of the country's GDP. Meanwhile, around 113,600 people were employed in the tourism sector in 2025, accounting for 4.9 percent of total employment.

These figures demonstrate Serbia's considerable experience in developing its tourism industry and offer valuable opportunities for practical experience-sharing with Uzbekistan.

Film tourism is regarded as a promising area for promoting tourism potential. Hosting the production of foreign films and television series in Uzbekistan and Serbia could enhance the international visibility of tourism destinations, attract new categories of travelers and encourage joint projects between representatives of the creative industries of the two countries.

Alongside film tourism, promising areas for experience-sharing include wine, gastronomic and medical tourism. Uzbekistan is particularly interested in Serbia's experience in developing gastronomic and wine routes, while Serbia could benefit from Uzbekistan's rich culinary traditions, historical and cultural heritage, and opportunities in medical and wellness tourism.

One of the priorities for further cooperation could be to intensify joint information and marketing activities. In particular, familiarization tours for Serbian journalists, travel bloggers, tour operators and tourism industry representatives could be highly effective.

Such visits would provide an opportunity to introduce representatives of the Serbian market directly to the tourism opportunities of Tashkent, Samarkand, Bukhara, Khiva and other regions of Uzbekistan, while also facilitating the development of new itineraries and tourism packages.

Serbia's regular participation in the Tashkent International Tourism Fair “Tourism on the Silk Road” could also play an important role in promotion. The participation of Serbian tour operators, hotel companies and specialized organizations would help expand professional contacts, facilitate B2B meetings and provide a direct platform for presenting Serbia's tourism potential to the Uzbek market.

Improving transport connectivity is one of the key conditions for further growth in tourist exchanges. In this regard, a promising area of cooperation is exploring the possibility of establishing regular direct air service between Tashkent and Belgrade.

Regular business missions, B2B meetings, thematic seminars and familiarization tours would help establish sustainable links between tour operators and other tourism market participants.

Cooperation between Uzbekistan and Serbia in tourism has strong prospects for further development. The existing legal framework, growing tourist flows, the visa-free regime and expanding professional contacts are creating the necessary conditions for moving toward larger-scale joint initiatives.

Looking ahead, the development of direct air connectivity, joint promotion of tourism opportunities, exchange of expertise in specialized tourism segments and the creation of joint tourism routes could become important areas for strengthening tourism ties between the two countries and advancing bilateral tourist exchanges to a new level.

Around 1.18 million foreign tourists arrived in the country in July alone

A total of 7,749,308 foreign nationals visited Uzbekistan for tourism purposes in January–July 2026.

Tourist flow increased by 1.4 million people, or 22.6 percent, compared with the same period last year.

The largest number of tourists arrived from neighbouring countries. In particular, 2,177,108 visitors came from the Kyrgyz Republic, 1,855,562 from Kazakhstan, and 1,728,978 from Tajikistan.

They were followed by Russia with 710,824 visitors, Afghanistan - 281,200, China - 269,735, Turkmenistan - 192,830, Türkiye - 111,908, India - 32,462, and the Republic of Korea - 26,512.

Thus, around 1.18 million foreign tourists visited Uzbekistan in July alone. At the same time, the growth in tourist flows has continued throughout the year.

It should be recalled that more than 6.5 million foreign nationals visited Uzbekistan in the first half of 2026, which was nearly 25 percent higher than the figure recorded during the same period last year.

The sustained positive dynamics demonstrate the continued expansion of tourist flows to Uzbekistan and the strengthening of the country’s position as one of the region’s sought-after tourist destinations.

Dunyo IA,

Tashkent

By the end of 2025, Uzbekistan is demonstrating strong and dynamic growth in its tourism sector. Nearly 12 million foreign tourists visited the country, marking a 16% increase compared to the previous year.

Tourism service exports exceeded USD 4.8 billion, confirming the growing international interest in Uzbekistan and strengthening its position as one of the most promising tourist destinations in the region.

These results have been achieved through consistent reforms in the tourism sector aimed at improving infrastructure, enhancing transport accessibility, digitalizing services, and creating favorable conditions for travelers. The country is actively implementing projects focused on developing tourism clusters, improving service quality, and expanding international cooperation.

The Republic has introduced simplified entry procedures for foreign citizens. Currently, visa-free entry is granted to citizens of 94 countries, an electronic visa system is available for 52 countries, and a five-day visa-free transit regime applies to 45 countries.

Against the backdrop of ongoing geopolitical instability in certain regions of the world, including mass protests and demonstrations in some countries, the importance of safety and comfort for tourists is becoming increasingly significant.

In this context, Uzbekistan maintains its status as a stable, safe, and hospitable country, open to all visitors regardless of nationality or religion. Traditions of respect, tolerance, and genuine hospitality are an integral part of Uzbek culture.

International rankings confirm the high level of safety in Uzbekistan. In recent years, the country has consistently ranked among the leading nations in global safety indices. In particular, according to the “International SOS Risk Map,” Uzbekistan is classified as a “Low Risk” destination, placing it alongside several European countries in terms of overall safety.

According to the “Numbeo Safety Index,” Uzbekistan ranks 25th out of 148 countries worldwide, demonstrating a consistently low level of crime. Furthermore, in the “Solo Female Travel Safety Index” and the “Safety Perceptions Index,” Uzbekistan ranks 1st globally, achieving one of the highest safety scores for solo female travelers. Additionally, in the “Gallup Global Law and Order Index,” the country has also been among the global leaders in terms of public safety and trust in law enforcement. Taken together, these assessments contribute to a strong international image of Uzbekistan as a safe, stable, and comfortable destination for tourists.

Today, Uzbekistan offers visitors not only the rich cultural and historical heritage of the Great Silk Road but also modern infrastructure, comfortable conditions, and an atmosphere of openness.

Starting April 1, 2026, a value-added tax refund (Tax Free) system for foreign citizens has been launched at all international airports in Uzbekistan.

The new system allows tourists to receive VAT refunds on goods purchased within the country. Refunds can be issued either in cash or transferred to a bank card. If a cashless method is chosen, the funds are credited within up to 3 business days after the goods are exported.

The minimum purchase amount eligible for a refund is 300,000 UZS (including VAT). Foreign citizens are refunded 85% of the VAT amount, while the remaining 15% is allocated to cover the services of the Tax Free system operator.

The previously limited list of goods eligible for Tax Free (with the exception of food products) has been abolished.

It is expected that the introduction of Tax Free will increase the country’s attractiveness for foreign tourists, contribute to the growth of retail trade, and support further development of the tourism sector.

In the future, the system is planned to be expanded in stages — in addition to airports, it will be introduced at railway stations and border customs checkpoints, as well as extended to a wider range of retail outlets, including the broader retail sector.

Special attention is being paid to digitalization: to simplify refund procedures, active use of modern information technologies and mobile solutions is planned.

https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/17nMg1wYgHffU-lzB_rVNniVP1oKq1hE2?usp=sharing

Dunyo IA