On February 21, under the chairmanship of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces Shavkat Mirziyoyev a meeting was held on strengthening military security and defense capacity of the state.
The meeting was attended by members of the Security Council, heads of ministries and departments within the Armed Forces of Uzbekistan, commanders of military districts, as well as the chairmen of the Jokargy Kenges and the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, regional and Tashkent city khokims, as well as responsible persons of local authorities in the videoconference format.
At the beginning of the meeting, the adopted measures on strengthening the country's defense capacity and their results were reviewed, certain shortcomings in this work were pointed out.
It was noted that the national army is being equipped with modern weapons and equipment, the level of combat and moral-psychological training of servicemen has significantly increased.
In view of international experience and the analyses carried out, new combat units have been formed to prevent and eliminate internal and external threats, and the organizational structure of the troops has been optimized.
It was underlined that the creation of a new system of modernization and modern equipment of the army continues - the defense industry is developing and additional enterprises have been set up. The Armed Forces of Uzbekistan have established bilateral military cooperation with more than 20 countries and successfully participated in more than 400 joint exercises.
The infrastructure of higher military schools within the Armed Forces has been completely modernized, their curricula and methodology brought in line with modern requirements.
The social and legal protection of servicemen and their families has been strengthened. In particular, about 30,000 families have been provided with housing, and more than 2,000 children of servicemen have received benefits when enrolling in higher educational institutions.
Military administrative sectors, government and public organizations are involved in creating favourable conditions for homeland defenders. Attention to the issues of educating young people in the spirit of patriotism and initial pre-conscription military training in schools is being intensified.
The meeting identified priority tasks for 2025 and subsequent years.
The need to consider contemporary armed conflicts, existing threats to national security and the peculiarities of the theater of military operations when planning for the further development of the army was emphasized.
It has been indicated that artificial intelligence, robotic systems, missiles, drones and means of countering them are widely used in today's regional conflicts. In this connection, it has been instructed to create new units in the armed forces to combat drones, use robotic equipment, air defense, and cyber structures utilizing artificial intelligence technologies.
The Supreme Commander-in-Chief emphasized the need to further improve the combat readiness of the army, raise the level of combat training, create a unified automated troop management system using artificial intelligence technologies, as well as introduce dual training in military education and training of military personnel.
Priority tasks have been set to improve the activities of the “Corps of Master Sergeants”, which is the backbone of the army, further develop the defense industry, provide social support to servicemen and their families, educate young people in the spirit of patriotism and involve them in military sports.
Reports and proposals by the Minister of Defense, commanders of military districts and other responsible persons were heard at the meeting.
Belarus and Uzbekistan actively cooperate in the transport and logistics sector within the framework of the Coordinating Transport Conference of the CIS Member States (CIS CTC), the Organization for Cooperation of Railways (OSJD), and the Commonwealth Railway Transport Council (CIS RTC).
An additional basis for the development of bilateral and multilateral cooperation is the participation of both countries in the CIS and SCO, where issues of developing international transport corridors and strengthening transport connectivity between states occupy an important place on the cooperation agenda.
A practical result of cooperation is the steady positive growth in freight traffic between the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Republic of Belarus, which is one of the republic's key trade and transport partners.
In terms of export and import freight volumes, Belarus is among Uzbekistan's top ten trading partners. By the end of 2025, freight traffic between the two countries reached 850,000 tons, an increase of 30% compared to the previous year.
The structure of freight traffic is dominated by imports, primarily timber, timber products, and food products, while export volumes remain insignificant and consist primarily of agricultural products.
The current situation demonstrates significant potential for increasing mutual freight traffic, primarily through the expansion of Uzbek exports and the development of new logistics routes.
In the context of geopolitical conflicts and the diversification of global supply chains, the creation of new international transport corridors in Eurasia using mixed modes of transport in the East-West and North-South directions is acquiring strategic importance.
The following are promising cooperation projects:
A promising area is the development of the international transport route "Belarus – Russia – Kazakhstan – Uzbekistan – Afghanistan – Pakistan – Indian Ocean ports," which utilizes the shortest railway section running through Kazakhstan between the Dina Nurpeisova and Karakalpakstan stations.
On November 1, 2023, in Tashkent, at the SCO Transport Forum, the transport ministers of Uzbekistan, Russia, and Kazakhstan signed a Memorandum of Understanding on the creation and development of this corridor. Belarus and Pakistan joined the Memorandum in 2024, and negotiations are currently underway to add Afghanistan.
The economic logic of the project is very clear. The corridor is approximately half the length of existing alternative routes and reduces delivery times by 2-3 times. It will directly connect the countries of the European Union and the CIS with Southeast and South Asia via a land-based rail and road route, increasing our countries' transit potential by transporting goods to the densely populated countries of South Asia – India and Pakistan – via the Uzbekistan – Afghanistan – Pakistan route.
In the future, joint work is planned to develop uniform standards for the operation of the international transport corridor, including the introduction of a single shipping document and the unification of technological and technical standards.
It should be noted that the new route through Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, and Pakistan will contribute to the diversification of the geography and structure of foreign trade and will lead to an increase in the region's transit potential.
This potential is already being demonstrated in practice. In the first quarter of 2026 alone, freight transit to the south through Uzbekistan increased by 23% compared to the same period last year, reaching 1.8 million tons, of which 1.3 million tons were transported by rail and 0.5 million tons by road.
A significant element of the long-term partnership is cooperation in the training and advanced training of transport specialists.
Belarus has a recognized track record in transport training. For example, the Belarusian State University of Transport in Gomel is a leading specialized educational and research institution, which includes the Institute for Advanced Training and Retraining of Personnel and the Research Institute of Railway Transport.
Developing cooperation between the Belarusian State University of Transport and specialized organizations in Uzbekistan, particularly the Tashkent State Transport University, would enable the organization of internships and advanced training programs for specialists, the development of academic mobility for undergraduate, graduate, and postgraduate students, and joint research in priority areas of rail transport development, multimodal transportation, and international transport logistics.
III. Digitalization of Permit Exchange for Road Transport.
A separate practical area is the transition to the electronic exchange of permit forms—the E-permit system. Uzbekistan currently fully implements this exchange with Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, China, and Turkey, and partially with Tajikistan. Work is underway to launch it with Turkmenistan.
Implementing this system in cooperation with Belarus will ensure transparency in permit distribution, eliminate human error, and strengthen oversight of their use, which is especially relevant given the growing volume of road transport between the countries.
Thus, cooperation between Belarus and Uzbekistan in transport and logistics goes beyond increasing mutual traffic and acquires a strategic dimension.
The implementation of these projects—from a multimodal corridor to Indian Ocean ports to the digitalization of permitting procedures—could transform our countries' geographical location into a real competitive advantage, making the Belarus-Uzbekistan-South Asia route convenient, fast, and predictable.
Joint and consistent work in these areas will strengthen economic ties between the two countries and make a significant contribution to the development of sustainable transport connectivity in the Eurasian space.
Head of Department, Center for the Study of Transport and Logistics Development Problems under the Ministry of Transport of the Republic of Uzbekistan Dildora Ibragimova
Sadullaev Qudrat Yusubbaevich
Chief Research Fellow of the Academy of Public Policy and Administration under the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Doctor of Law (DSc)
The contemporary system of international relations is being shaped by rapid geopolitical changes, growing fragmentation, disruptions in transport and supply chains, climate change, and increasing risks to food and energy security. Under these conditions, trust, dialogue and practical cooperation among states are becoming more important than ever. For Central and South Asia — two historically interconnected regions with significant yet not fully realized potential — connectivity has acquired not only economic, but also strategic, political and civilizational significance.
The initiative to strengthen connectivity between Central and South Asia, advanced by President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev, represents a timely response to this historical and geopolitical demand. Its core idea is that security cannot be ensured solely through military or political instruments. It must also be built through economic development, transport corridors, trade links, education, culture and human capital. In this sense, development is not merely a consequence of security; rather, it is one of its fundamental preconditions.
This approach gained institutional form in July 2021, when Tashkent hosted the high-level international conference “Central and South Asia: Regional Connectivity. Challenges and Opportunities” at the initiative of President Shavkat Mirziyoyev. The forum created an important political and expert platform for advancing interregional cooperation. Its international recognition was further demonstrated in 2022, when the United Nations General Assembly adopted the resolution “Strengthening Connectivity between Central and South Asia.” Initiated by the President of Uzbekistan and supported by more than 40 states, the resolution confirmed that Uzbekistan’s vision has significance not only at the national or regional level, but also for the wider international community.
The Termez Dialogue is a practical continuation of this diplomatic and intellectual process. Launched in May 2025, it has emerged as a permanent platform aimed at creating a stable, systematic and practice-oriented environment for cooperation between Central and South Asia. Its first meeting attracted considerable attention from the international expert community due to its broad participation, multilateral format and applied focus. The growing interest in this initiative was also reflected in the organization of a separate session on the Termez Dialogue during the Doha Forum in December 2025.
The second meeting of the Termez Dialogue, scheduled for 4–6 June 2026 in Tashkent, Termez and Samarkand, is expected to mark a new stage in the development of this platform. The main emphasis will shift from general conceptual discussions to the identification of specific priorities and practical mechanisms. In other words, the Dialogue is intended not only to exchange views, but also to generate concrete outcomes in political dialogue, economic connectivity, transport and logistics, climate adaptation, and cultural-humanitarian cooperation.
One of the key features of the Termez Dialogue is that it reflects Uzbekistan’s proactive, pragmatic and open foreign policy. Uzbekistan does not position itself as a state forced to choose between competing blocs, but rather as a reliable platform for dialogue among different regions, markets and civilizations. In this regard, the Termez Dialogue forms part of a broader system of initiatives, including the Fergana Peace Forum, the Samarkand Climate Forum, the Samarkand Solidarity Initiative, and proposals within the Shanghai Cooperation Organization on good-neighbourliness, trust and cross-border partnership.
Transport and logistics remain among the most important dimensions of connectivity between Central and South Asia. The countries of Central Asia are landlocked and therefore face structural limitations in accessing global markets. Diversifying transport routes, reducing logistics costs and facilitating access to external markets are essential for the region’s long-term economic development. According to available estimates, the level of transport connectivity of Central Asian states with external markets is around 60 per cent, while in the European Union and ASEAN countries it exceeds 95 per cent. In some cases, transport costs in Central Asia may reach up to 50 per cent of the final value of goods, which is several times higher than the global average.
In this context, the Trans-Afghan Corridor has strategic importance. It can provide Central Asian states with the shortest access to the ports of the Indian Ocean and link South Asia with the markets of Central Asia, Russia, China and Europe. This project is not limited to railway construction or transport infrastructure. It is also an instrument of regional economic integration, Afghanistan’s involvement in peaceful development processes, and the formation of a new trade architecture in Eurasia. Through this approach, Uzbekistan seeks to transform its geographical constraints into logistical advantages.
Afghanistan occupies a special place in this process. It is a natural land bridge connecting Central and South Asia. Uzbekistan’s policy toward Afghanistan is consistent and practical. Since 2021, Uzbekistan has sent 15 humanitarian convoys to Afghanistan, delivering more than 13,000 tons of humanitarian assistance. At the same time, bilateral trade and economic relations have been developing dynamically. In 2025, trade turnover between Uzbekistan and Afghanistan reached 1.7 billion US dollars, which is 55 per cent higher than the previous year. These figures demonstrate that Uzbekistan views Afghanistan not as a source of problems, but as an important participant in regional development and stability.
The choice of Termez as one of the central locations of this initiative is also highly symbolic. Historically, Termez has been a meeting point of trade, culture, science and religious traditions between Central and South Asia. The city played an important role in the history of Bactria, the Kushan Empire, the Great Silk Road and wider civilizational exchange. Today, Termez is becoming Uzbekistan’s southern gateway and a modern centre of practical cooperation with Afghanistan and South Asia.
There are concrete examples of this transformation. The Termez International Trade Centre, opened on 29 August 2024, covers 36 hectares and is located only 500 metres from the border with Afghanistan. A 15-day visa-free regime has been introduced within the centre. Its infrastructure includes more than 3,000 shops, customs facilities, banking services, public service centres and export-oriented platforms. The annual export potential of products represented in the trade zone is estimated at 1.2 billion US dollars. More than 1,000 local residents and about 140 Afghan citizens are employed there. This shows that connectivity is not an abstract political slogan, but a practical reality linked to jobs, exports, services and human livelihoods.
Another important example is the Termez Cargo Centre, an international transport and logistics hub operating since 2016. Located near the intersection of Afghanistan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan, the centre has been used since 2021 by the United Nations World Food Programme and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees for delivering humanitarian cargo to Afghanistan. Thus, Termez is becoming not only a trade and logistics hub, but also an important point of humanitarian diplomacy.
The Educational Centre for Afghan Citizens, established in Termez in 2018, also reflects Uzbekistan’s long-term investment in human capital. The centre provides education for Afghan youth in 17 higher education fields and 16 vocational and secondary-specialized areas. Since its establishment, more than 800 Afghan citizens have studied there, including 200 girls and women. These figures demonstrate the importance of education and professional training in stabilizing Afghanistan. Peace is strengthened not only through political agreements, but also through an educated, skilled and socially active generation.
Another important dimension of the Termez Dialogue is climate and environmental sustainability. Central and South Asia are among the regions most affected by the consequences of climate change. Water scarcity, desertification, soil degradation, air pollution, glacier melting and natural disasters are not only national challenges, but also transboundary problems. Therefore, climate adaptation, rational use of water resources, early warning systems and the exchange of digital hydrological data should become integral components of cooperation between the two regions.
Uzbekistan is taking an active role in this field as well. The Samarkand Climate Forum, regional climate summits, the Green Agenda, the regional strategy for climate adaptation and environmental protection programmes are important steps in this direction. These initiatives show that Central Asia is no longer merely a region affected by environmental problems; it is increasingly becoming an active regional actor proposing practical solutions.
Cultural and humanitarian cooperation forms one of the deepest foundations of interregional connectivity. The peoples of Central and South Asia have been linked for centuries through shared history, trade routes, science, culture and spirituality. Today, the demographic potential of the two regions also creates major opportunities: more than 60 per cent of the population is under the age of 30. This opens broad prospects for cooperation in education, science, academic exchange, innovation and human capital development.
From this perspective, the Termez Dialogue is not only a meeting of diplomats and experts. It should also serve as a platform that opens new opportunities for young people, scholars, entrepreneurs, educational institutions, cultural actors and civil society representatives. Economic projects require trust, and trust requires closer ties, mutual understanding and cultural dialogue among peoples.
The planned visit to Samarkand also carries deep symbolic meaning. For centuries, Samarkand served as a centre of science, trade and diplomacy connecting East and West, Central and South Asia, the Middle East and Europe. The “Spirit of Samarkand” reflects openness, tolerance, dialogue and a commitment to shared development. In the diplomacy of President Shavkat Mirziyoyev, Samarkand has become a platform that connects Uzbekistan’s historical legacy with modern international initiatives.
In conclusion, the Termez Dialogue is not an ordinary international event aimed only at bringing Central and South Asia closer together. It is a strategic platform that reflects Uzbekistan’s new foreign policy thinking, regional responsibility and global initiative. Its foundation rests on three interconnected principles: trust through dialogue, cooperation through dialogue, and shared development through cooperation.
The international community is increasingly recognizing Uzbekistan’s efforts in this direction. The adoption of the UN General Assembly resolution, the support of more than 40 states, and the growing interest of international organizations, experts and regional partners in the Termez Dialogue clearly demonstrate this trend. Through this platform, Uzbekistan is building a new bridge of trust between Central and South Asia — a bridge strengthened by trade routes, railways, educational programmes, cultural ties and humanitarian initiatives.
Therefore, the Termez Dialogue should be viewed as an emerging architecture of interregional cooperation. It contributes to the formation of Central and South Asia not merely as neighbouring geographic spaces, but as a macro-region united by common interests, shared security and a common future. In this process, Uzbekistan acts as an initiator, organizer and reliable bridge between the two regions.
Today, global development is proceeding at an unprecedented pace of urbanization — by 2050, nearly 68% of the world’s population is expected to live in cities.
This process is also advancing rapidly in Uzbekistan: the country’s population has exceeded 38 million, the urbanization rate has reached 51%, and nearly 20 million people now live in urban areas.
According to economic analyses, every 1% increase in the urbanization rate grows the economy by at least 1% and accelerates investment flows and startup development — making reforms in this sector of strategic importance.
With this in mind, within the framework of Uzbekistan’s urbanization policy, the practice of “chaotic construction” has been abandoned in favor of smart and integrated territorial development — an approach recognized as essential in global best practices.
One of the most important institutional steps was the establishment of the National Committee for the Sustainable Development of Urbanization and the Housing Market. This body serves as the central “think tank” unifying architecture, economics, and social policy into a single system.
To reduce administrative barriers in the construction sector, the number of permitting stages has been cut by a factor of 3, and processing timelines by a factor of 4. Additionally, 420 outdated urban planning norms have been restructured, replaced by 140 modern regulatory documents.
Furthermore, in Uzbekistan, land ownership no longer automatically grants the right to build — the process is now based on the principle of integrated territorial development.
Most importantly, a strict principle has been enshrined in law: schools, clinics, and modern utilities must be built before or simultaneously with residential construction.
These new mechanisms provide, above all, trust and financial stability. To ensure stability in the housing market and strengthen buyer confidence, measures have been taken to fully eliminate the risk of “unfinished constructions.” To this end, a system of escrow accounts is being widely introduced in Uzbekistan for the first time.
Through this modern mechanism, citizens’ funds are securely held in banks until the keys to the property are handed over. Developers, in turn, gain access to affordable and convenient project financing. As a result, urban development has transformed from a chaotic process into a managed industry operating under transparent rules.
Development Strategy and Achievements
Over the past eight years, 120 million square meters of housing have been built across the country. The total volume of construction work grew from 30 trillion soums in 2016 to 314 trillion soums last year, and the sector now employs more than 3.5 million people.
According to the state’s long-term priority strategy, the following key targets have been set:
Innovative Mega-Projects and an Ecological Approach
The most vivid practical expression of this strategy is the “New Tashkent” mega-project, rising across 20,000 hectares. Designed for a population of 1 million residents, this ecologically clean, high-tech metropolis implements the globally recognized “15-minute city” concept. The project includes the creation of a 420-hectare “green belt,” the planting of 200,000 trees, and a fully ecological transport system (electric buses, metro, and bicycle lanes).
These high living standards are not limited to the capital. Across the country, 56 “New Uzbekistan” residential districts, each designed for at least 70,000 residents and equipped with rich social infrastructure, are being constructed at an accelerated pace.
In conclusion, Uzbekistan has formed a sustainable and effective model for managing urbanization, encompassing the National Committee, the escrow system, and the smart “New Uzbekistan” districts. By transforming modern cities into ecologically clean, socially oriented, and livable spaces, the country is establishing a high benchmark for urbanization in the Eurasian region.
The Central Election Commission held a meeting and a series of events today, July 26th. The primary agenda item was the preparation and high-level accomplishment of the upcoming elections for the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis and the Councils of People's Deputies in full compliance with the Constitution and laws.
According to Article 128 of the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan, elections for the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis and the Councils of People's Deputies are scheduled to take place on the first Sunday of the third ten-day period of October in the year their term expires. Considering that the term of the deputies of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis and the Councils of People's Deputies ends in 2024, the elections will be held on October 27th of this year, and the election campaign will begin on July 26th, as decided by the Central Election Commission.
These elections mark a significant departure from the past, taking place in a new socio-political environment as stipulated by our Constitution. The meeting underscored the unique features of these elections, which include:
The meeting underscored the significance of these elections as a vivid example of democratic state-building in our country and an essential means for citizens to exercise their constitutional rights to vote and be elected to democratic state bodies. The elections will involve the election of 150 deputies to the Legislative Chamber, 65 members to the Senate, 65 deputies to the Jokargy Kenes of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, deputies to 208 district (city) Councils in the regions and Tashkent city, with around 30,000 candidates and nearly 90,000 trusted representatives actively participating. Over 120,000 election commission members and more than 70,000 citizens and international observers are expected to participate in the election process.
Considering the important role of elections in state life and with the aim of widely engaging citizens in this process, the Central Election Commission announced that the elections will be held on October 27th under the slogan “My Choice—My Prosperous Homeland.”
The 'E-Saylov' information system is a key tool in making the election process more transparent and accessible. It facilitates around 60 interactions between election commissions, political party candidates, observers, and the media entirely electronically. Integrated with other electronic platforms, the system automates many procedures in the election process without human intervention. This system forms an extensive database of nearly 400,000 participants in the election process, including election commission members, candidates, and observers. Around 32,000 participants will professionally use the information system, which includes communication through 40 types of SMS notifications.
For citizens, the "E-Saylov" information system introduces several conveniences in obtaining election-related information. Specifically, it provides statistical data on voters and polling stations, information on candidates for various elections, and interactive maps to learn about candidates and their biographies.
The meeting emphasized that the "E-Saylov" information system represents a new level of technological advancement and transparency in elections.
It was also noted that according to Article 37 of the Election Code, political parties have the right to nominate candidates for deputies to the Legislative Chamber and local Councils.
To participate in the elections, political parties must have been registered by the Ministry of Justice at least four months before the announcement of the election campaign and collect at least 40,000 signatures supporting their participation.
Additionally, the meeting approved a calendar plan to ensure that the activities related to conducting the elections are carried out step-by-step within the timelines specified by election legislation. The Central Election Commission, as an impartial and independent constitutional body, will take all necessary measures to prepare for and conduct the upcoming elections in full compliance with national legislation and international election standards, ensuring the process is open and transparent.
A Press Center has also been established under the Central Election Commission.
Central Election Commission
of the Republic of Uzbekistan
The Business Activity Index (BAI), estimated by the Center for Economic Research and Reforms, reached 1124 points in February 2026, increasing by 12.4% compared with the previous month (and by 24.2% compared with the same period last year, Chart No.1).
In February of the current year, the following changes were observed across the BAI components:
In February 2026, the BAI also increased in 13 regions compared with the previous month (Chart No.2).
In particular, notable growth was observed in Andijan region (44.8%), Syrdarya region (41.7%), Tashkent region (33.3%), and Kashkadarya region (28.2%).
At the same time, in the Republic of Karakalpakstan the indicator slightly declined by 0.5%, remaining at a moderate level.
During the reporting period, the number of interbank payment transactions reached 6,760.3 thousand, increasing by 1,220.5 thousand transactions (22%) compared with January 2026.
An increase in interbank payment operations was recorded in 12 regions. In particular, a significant rise in banking operations between legal entities compared with the previous month was observed in Tashkent city (24.1%), Surkhandarya region (23.3%), Samarkand region (21.4%), and Navoi region (17.7%).
At the same time, this indicator declined in Syrdarya region (8.1%) and the Republic of Karakalpakstan (1.6%).
In February of the current year, the exchange component of the BAI reached 1.1058 points, increasing by 10.6% compared with the previous month.
This reflected a 36.2% increase in the number of transactions concluded, while the average volume of goods purchased per transaction declined by 15.1%.
The total turnover of goods traded on the UzEx amounted to 6,296 billion soums in February 2026, which is 6.5% higher than in the previous month.
During the reporting period, this component amounted to 1.0088 points, increasing by 0.9% compared with the previous month.
At the same time, the total number of operating business entities increased by 4,079 units, reaching 508.5 thousand.
The number of large enterprises increased by 51 units, reaching 4,161.
The number of small enterprises rose by 3.9 thousand, reaching 415.1 thousand.
The number of farms increased by 36, reaching 89.2 thousand.
In February 2026, the trademark component reached 1.0641 points, increasing by 9.4% compared with the previous month.
During this period, 430 trademarks and product names were registered by legal entities.
Islombek Saparmatov, CERR
The upcoming first “Central Asia – Republic of Korea” Summit in Seoul gives the C5+1 format a more substantive economic dimension. The new agenda focuses on industrial modernization, infrastructure, critical minerals and energy, human capital development, and private-sector participation. An important institutional basis for this work is provided by a dedicated consultative mechanism of industry ministers, aimed at maintaining regular sectoral dialogue, identifying joint initiatives, and developing a list of priority projects.
In this way, the national industrial priorities of Central Asian countries have an opportunity to be aligned with the technological and investment capabilities of the Republic of Korea at the level of specific production chains. Technology, infrastructure, financing, and markets come together here as an integrated system for implementing major joint initiatives.
The potential of this model is particularly evident in the case of Uzbekistan. Relations between Tashkent and Seoul have held the status of a special strategic partnership since 2019, while the accumulated volume of direct Korean investment in Uzbekistan’s economy has exceeded USD 8 billion. In January–June 2026, bilateral trade approached USD 1 billion, increasing by 11.5 percent.
Behind these figures lies an already established technological foundation for the partnership. Joint centers are operating in Uzbekistan in the textile industry, rare metals and alloys, agricultural machinery, and e-government, while cooperation in chemical technologies and construction is also developing. This network creates sustainable channels for the transfer of engineering solutions, practical knowledge, and production experience.
The accumulated foundation makes it possible to focus Uzbekistan’s C5+1 agenda on further developing processing, localization, technological upgrading, and the production of high-value-added goods. At the same time, the regional format expands the range of potential partners and connections between enterprises of Central Asian countries and Korean businesses.
One of the most promising areas is related to critical minerals. Cooperation covers the entire technological chain — geological exploration, processing, refining, and the development of value-added production. Under such a model, Central Asia’s mineral resource base becomes a starting point for deepening technological ties and creating new industries within the region.
Uzbekistan already has a concrete foundation in this area. The Uzbek-Korean Scientific and Technological Center for Rare Metals and Alloys is operating in the country. Its potential makes it possible to develop cooperation in materials science, processing technologies, research, and specialist training, with prospects for their further industrial application.
The development of more sophisticated industries simultaneously increases infrastructure requirements. Within the C5+1 agenda, this area includes energy, industrial complexes, transport and logistics, urban infrastructure, as well as the entire life cycle of major projects — from planning and construction to modernization and operation. For investors, this means the opportunity to consider an industrial site together with the necessary energy, engineering, and logistics solutions.
Uzbek-Korean cooperation already has a financial foundation for implementing projects of this scale. The cooperation program between Uzbekistan and the Economic Development and Cooperation Fund of the Republic of Korea (EDCF) for 2024–2027 has been established at USD 2 billion. At the same time, a new portfolio of initiatives is being developed, and financing mechanisms without state guarantees and on the basis of public-private partnerships are being explored.
The expansion of available financial instruments creates greater space for commercially viable projects, private capital, and long-term partnerships between companies. This is particularly important for industrial and infrastructure cooperation with long investment cycles, where the financing structure largely determines the possibilities for project implementation and subsequent expansion.
As production becomes increasingly technologically sophisticated, requirements for skilled specialists also grow. The development of professional skills and human capital is among the priorities of the C5+1 industrial mechanism. Uzbekistan already has a practical foundation in this area: four vocational education centers established with the participation of the Korea International Cooperation Agency are operating in Tashkent, Fergana, Shakhrisabz, and Samarkand, while another center is under construction in Urgench.
Further development of this model largely moves to the company level. It is here that technologies and accumulated knowledge are transformed into new production facilities, while sectoral priorities become investment decisions and commercial products. Therefore, the private sector, financial institutions, and research organizations play an important role in C5+1 industrial cooperation.
The development of a list of priority projects gives this work practical consistency. Such an instrument makes it possible to link promising areas with specific partners and sources of financing and to support their advancement between meetings of the industrial mechanism.
Uzbekistan is entering the new regional architecture with a substantial practical foundation: many of its elements are already functioning within bilateral cooperation with Korea. Investment is combined with technological centers, financial programs, a specialist training system, and experience in implementing complex projects. C5+1 makes it possible to bring this foundation to a broader level by connecting the national capabilities of Central Asian countries through new production linkages.
This is where the main economic potential of the Seoul Summit for Uzbekistan lies. The special strategic partnership with the Republic of Korea is gaining a regional dimension through deeper processing, technological localization, new production facilities, and access of finished products to new foreign markets. The accumulated Uzbek-Korean experience is becoming one of the practical elements of the industrial architecture of C5+1, strengthening Uzbekistan’s role in the Republic of Korea’s technological and industrial partnership with Central Asia.
The upcoming visit of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan to Serbia could mark an important stage in the development of bilateral relations. Over the past year, the political dialogue between Tashkent and Belgrade has intensified noticeably and taken on a more systematic character. Against this backdrop, one of the key tasks now is to translate the political engagement achieved so far into concrete trade, investment, transport, and humanitarian projects.
The current momentum builds on relations that have developed over three decades. Serbia recognized Uzbekistan’s independence on 31 December 1991, and the two countries established diplomatic relations on 18 January 1995. In the early years, the diplomatic mission of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in Tashkent maintained contacts between the two sides. In 2003, the mission ceased operations amid the economic situation in Serbia at the time.
Relations gained new momentum in 2025. In September, on the sidelines of events in Beijing marking the 80th anniversary of Victory in the Second World War, President of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev held conversation with President of Serbia Aleksandar Vucic. A key milestone followed on 28–31 October, when the Serbian leader paid his first official visit to Uzbekistan. Following the talks, the two heads of state signed a Joint Declaration and adopted a package of intergovernmental and interagency documents covering the economy, investment, education, tourism, labor migration, and other areas of cooperation.
The mutual accreditation of ambassadors marked another important institutional step. On 7 July 2025, the first Ambassador of Uzbekistan to Serbia presented his credentials to the President of Serbia, and on 27 October the Ambassador of Serbia to Uzbekistan presented his credentials to the Uzbek side.
High-level contacts continued in 2026. In April, the foreign ministers of the two countries held talks on the sidelines of the Antalya Diplomacy Forum, and in May, Serbian Foreign Minister Marko Duric visited Uzbekistan. On 18 May, Sh.Mirziyoyev and A.Vucic met again on the sidelines of the World Urban Forum in Baku. In July, the two leaders held a phone conversation, and on 3 August, the foreign ministries of the two countries held a third round of political consultations in Belgrade.
The political dialogue is gradually being complemented by growing ties between the two countries’ legislatures. The chambers of the Oliy Majlis have set up an inter-parliamentary group for cooperation with the National Assembly of the Republic of Serbia. Senate Chairwoman T.Narbaeva visited Belgrade in June 2026 to take part in the IPU Global Conference of Women Parliamentarians, and a few weeks later Tashkent hosted a delegation from the “Serbia–Uzbekistan” parliamentary friendship group, led by its chairman A.Markovic.
The political and institutional foundation now in place creates favorable conditions for expanding economic cooperation. At the same time, its current scale still falls well short of the existing potential. In 2025, bilateral trade turnover totaled around $12 million. 9 enterprises with Serbian capital currently operate in Uzbekistan, pointing to considerable room for expanding both trade and industrial cooperation.
The cultural and humanitarian dimension of bilateral ties is also gradually expanding. An important step in this direction came in October 2025, when the two sides signed an agreement establishing partnership relations between Tashkent and Belgrade during the Serbian President’s visit. The agreement opens additional opportunities for direct contacts between the two capitals and for joint initiatives.
The progress achieved over the past year lays the groundwork for moving to more systematic work across several areas.
First, significant potential remains in trade and economic cooperation. Priorities here could include broadening the range of Uzbek exports, increasing the share of high-value-added products, and establishing a preferential trade regime. In February 2026, Deputy Prime Minister of Uzbekistan J.Khodjaev and Deputy Prime Minister of Serbia A.Mesarovic identified this as one of the priorities for further work.
Both sides have solid economic grounds for expanding trade. Uzbekistan has a growing industrial base in the textile, chemical, food, and machine-building sectors. Serbia, for its part, enjoys preferential access to the EU market and an extensive network of free trade agreements. This creates opportunities not only for increasing mutual deliveries but also for developing industrial cooperation with a view to reaching third markets.
Second, developing transport connectivity holds practical interest. In February 2026, an Uzbek delegation held talks with representatives of Serbia’s transport sector in Belgrade. In separate meetings, the delegation discussed prospects for rail cooperation with Serbian Railways Infrastructure and explored the possibility of launching direct flights between Tashkent and Belgrade with Air Serbia.
Launching direct flights could substantially ease business, tourism, education, and humanitarian contacts between the two countries. Developing freight links between Central Asia and the Balkans also represents a promising direction. Going forward, growing freight volumes on routes involving Uzbekistan could further strengthen transport connectivity between Central Asia and European markets.
Third, developing labor mobility carries particular significance. Uzbekistan has consistently built up a system of organized external labor migration and established itself as a reliable partner in training skilled personnel. According to the Migration Agency, the country has concluded 48 agreements with 23 states in this area.
This experience provides a practical foundation for building a similar mechanism with Serbia. Reaching agreements would make it possible to establish transparent channels for organized employment, strengthen the protection of citizens, and, at the same time, promote regulated labor mobility between the two countries.
Fourth, education, science, and technology cooperation offer significant opportunities. An intergovernmental agreement on cooperation in education, science, and culture, signed in October 2025, has strengthened the legal basis for this cooperation. One practical avenue could involve Uzbek students participating in Serbian state educational programs, including the “World in Serbia” scholarship program.
Ongoing transformations in Uzbekistan’s higher education system are creating further opportunities to expand such cooperation. The country now has 215 universities, including 30 branches of foreign educational institutions. Uzbek universities continue to strengthen their standing in international rankings, while joint programs with leading foreign educational institutions continue to expand.
Building on the existing institutional foundation, joint educational programs and research projects could become promising directions going forward, particularly in technical fields, digital technologies, and workforce training for priority sectors of both countries’ economies. Such cooperation could give the relationship a long-term character, complementing political contacts with lasting professional and institutional ties.
Fifth, tourism and cultural exchanges serve as an additional resource for rapprochement. In April 2026, the relevant agencies of the two countries discussed joint projects in film tourism, PR promotion, and familiarization trips for media representatives and bloggers. In practical terms, such initiatives could not only help increase tourist flows but also expand direct contacts between the two societies.
In sum, over a relatively short period, Uzbekistan and Serbia have built a fairly solid political and institutional foundation for further developing their relations. At the same time, the level of political dialogue still clearly outpaces the scale of trade, economic, and investment cooperation. The trajectory of the next stage will therefore largely depend on the two sides’ ability to translate the political capital they have accumulated into concrete projects and durable cooperation mechanisms.
The upcoming visit of the President of Uzbekistan to Serbia could give this process additional momentum. Its practical significance will depend above all on progress in trade and investment, transport, labor mobility, education, and tourism. Implementing such initiatives will help fill the rapidly developing political dialogue with more substantial economic and humanitarian content.
Madinabonu Kayumova,
Leading Researcher
of ISRS under the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan
The Center for Economic Research and Reforms (CERR) examines the prospects for expanding trade, economic and investment cooperation between Uzbekistan and Serbia.
As Uzbekistan broadens its economic engagement with Europe, new avenues for cooperation are emerging. Serbia is becoming one of these promising directions, with its strategic location offering Uzbek businesses additional opportunities to access markets across Central and Southeastern Europe.
For Serbia, closer cooperation with Uzbekistan provides access to Central Asia’s growing market as well as new manufacturing and investment opportunities. This complementarity creates considerable scope for taking bilateral economic relations well beyond their current level.
A New Stage in Economic Relations
Economic ties between Uzbekistan and Serbia have gained significant momentum in recent years. In April 2023, Serbia’s First Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs Ivica Dacic paid an official visit to Uzbekistan.
A major milestone came with the first official visit of Serbian President Aleksandar Vucic to Uzbekistan on October 28–31, 2025. Following talks in Tashkent, the two countries signed an Agreement on the Reciprocal Promotion and Protection of Investments and an Agreement on Economic Cooperation.
These agreements established a stronger institutional framework for investment projects and more systematic cooperation between businesses in the two countries.
In May 2026, during a visit by Serbian Foreign Minister Marko Duric, the two sides continued discussions on expanding trade and industrial cooperation. Mechanical engineering, pharmaceuticals, the chemical industry, agriculture and a number of other sectors were identified among the most promising areas.
The economic rationale for closer cooperation is closely linked to the geographical positions of the two countries and their ability to provide access to broader regional markets.
Serbia lies at the heart of the Balkans, connecting the markets of Central and Southeastern Europe. Uzbekistan, meanwhile, has the largest consumer market in Central Asia and a rapidly expanding industrial base.
This economic complementarity creates opportunities that extend well beyond bilateral trade. For Uzbek businesses, Serbia can serve as a gateway to European markets through the Balkans. For Serbian companies, Uzbekistan offers a platform for expanding their presence across Central Asia.
Trade Is Gaining Momentum
Trade between Uzbekistan and Serbia has expanded rapidly in recent years. Between 2016 and 2025, bilateral trade increased almost ninefold, from $1.4 million to $12 million.
In 2025, Uzbekistan exported $0.9 million worth of goods and services to Serbia, while imports from Serbia exceeded $11 million.
The composition of trade highlights the different nature of the two countries’ supplies.
Food products accounted for the largest share of Uzbekistan’s exports to Serbia at 47%, followed by manufactured goods at 23.8%, services at 20.8%, chemical products at 4.8%, crude materials excluding food at 2.4%, and mineral fuels and lubricants at 1%.
Serbian exports to Uzbekistan, by contrast, are predominantly industrial in nature. Machinery and transport equipment accounted for 50% of imports, followed by chemical products at 20.1% and manufactured goods at 16.8%. Food products represented 4.8%, miscellaneous manufactured articles 4.2%, services 2.6%, and crude materials excluding food 1.5%.
Together, machinery and transport equipment, chemical products and manufactured goods account for 87% of Serbian supplies to Uzbekistan. This predominantly industrial structure creates a solid foundation for developing deeper production cooperation between companies in the two countries.
In 2026, nine enterprises with Serbian capital were operating in Uzbekistan. The cumulative volume of foreign direct investment and loans attracted from Serbia between 2016 and 2025 amounted to $2.2 million.
The next stage of bilateral cooperation could therefore involve a transition toward more sophisticated forms of economic engagement, including contract manufacturing, localization and joint investment projects.
From Trade to Industrial Cooperation
The greatest potential for further cooperation lies in expanding production and investment links between companies in the two countries.
Particularly promising areas include light industry, pharmaceuticals, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, the chemical industry and energy. Opportunities in these sectors include placing manufacturing orders with Uzbek enterprises, localizing production, producing components and implementing joint projects.
Infrastructure represents another promising area. Uzbekistan’s potential participation in railway projects in Serbia is currently being explored. Such cooperation could enable Uzbek companies to expand exports of engineering and construction services and gain experience in implementing projects in European markets.
Serbian companies, in turn, could broaden their participation in infrastructure and industrial projects in Uzbekistan.
Stronger production linkages between enterprises could also increase the involvement of local suppliers from both countries in international value chains.
The new institutional framework, together with investment initiatives and growing industrial cooperation, creates the conditions for bilateral economic relations to move toward a broader and more diversified model.
The Balkan direction could thus become an important route for expanding the presence of Uzbek businesses in Europe, while Uzbekistan could serve as a platform for Serbian companies seeking to establish a long-term presence in Central Asia.
As production ties deepen, companies from Uzbekistan and Serbia may also gain new opportunities to jointly enter third-country markets.
Khurshed Asadov,
Deputy Director of Center for Economic Research and Reforms
The capital of Uzbekistan will host the 17th Central Asian International Textile Machinery Exhibition – CAITME 2026. It will inaugurate the traditional Global Textile Days week.
CAITME is a major event for Central Asia's textile and garment industries and, according to an independent audit, the largest specialist exhibition of its kind in the CIS. The exhibition plays an important role in equipping and uprading the region's textile and garment sector, helping manufacturers increase productivity, adopt advanced technologies and strengthen their competitiveness in the international markets.
This year, the exhibition will bring together 250 companies and brands from 17 countries. Germany will be represented by its National Pavilion, while companies from Austria, India, Italy, China, Turkiye, the USA, Switzerland and other leading textile-producing countries will also take part. Registration of participants is in full swing.
As in previous years, the exhibition will feature recognised global leaders in textile machinery manufacturing and suppliers of advanced technologies from Europe and Asia, including Rieter, Uster, Novibra, SSM, Spindelfabrik Sussen, Toyota, Muratec, Truetzschler, Saurer, Picanol, Santoni, Terrot, Habasit, MHMS, Vandewiele NV, Karl Mayer, Staubli, IRO, Biancalani, Ferraro, Epson, Zimmer Austria, Mario Crosta, Itema, Lafer, Motex Di Modiano Guido, Salvade`, Simet, Dettin, Sclavos, Effe, Mahlo, Lonati, Shima Seiki, Andritz Küsters, Brückner, Carl Schmale, Sossna, Texpa, Thies, Groz-Beckert KG, Kaeser Kompressoren, Schott & Meissner, Textima, Tetas, Temsan, Lakshmi Machine Works, Lakshmi Card Clothing, Precitex, Kansai, Brazzoli, Eliar, Guven Celik, West Global, CTMTC, Hengyi, Leadsfon, Rifa, Yingyang, Baoyu, Dyestar, NF Kimya, Eksoy, Deniz Kimya and many more.
Uzbekistan is represented by leading industry players.
A highlight of the exhibition will be the innovative TextileExpo Uzbekistan Sourcing Hub Project, which will take place on September 9th. For the first time in Uzbekistan, textile manufacturers and buyers from retail chains, factories and specialist companies will be able to hold direct business-to-business negotiations in a digital format using Artificial Intelligence.
Dunyo IA
Tashkent
Over the past eight years, relations between Uzbekistan and Türkiye have undergone a profound qualitative transformation, evolving from traditionally friendly ties into a full-fledged strategic partnership with a strong economic, investment, and industrial dimension. While the period prior to 2017 was largely characterized by inertia, the launch of large-scale reforms in Uzbekistan marked a decisive shift in bilateral relations toward practical cooperation focused on trade, investment, and joint manufacturing.
A key role in this transformation has been played by the political will and personal engagement of the leaders of both countries - President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev and President of the Republic of Türkiye Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. Regular high-level dialogue has provided Uzbek-Turkish relations with stability, strategic coherence, and a long-term economic horizon.
Political Foundations as a Driver of Economic Convergence
Diplomatic relations between the two countries were established in 1992; however, a turning point came in October 2017 with the signing of the Joint Declaration on Strategic Partnership in Ankara. This step laid a solid institutional foundation for the rapid expansion of trade, economic, and investment cooperation.
In 2018, the High-Level Strategic Cooperation Council was established in Tashkent under the co-chairmanship of the two presidents. Its meetings in 2020, 2022, and 2024 became key platforms for aligning priorities in trade, investment, industry, transport, and interregional cooperation. Over time, political dialogue has evolved from declarative engagement into a practical instrument supporting concrete economic initiatives and project-based decisions.
Trade: Scale, Structure and Institutional Incentives
Türkiye is firmly among Uzbekistan’s largest trading partners. In 2020, bilateral trade turnover amounted to USD 2.1 billion, reaching USD 3.02 billion by the end of 2025.
Uzbekistan’s exports to Türkiye are predominantly industrial in nature, comprising non-ferrous metals and metal products, textiles, services, plastics, and food products. Imports from Türkiye consist mainly of mechanical and electrical equipment, chemical products, textiles, pharmaceuticals, and metal structures, reflecting Türkiye’s role as a key source of industrial technologies and equipment.
A significant qualitative step forward was the signing of the Preferential Trade Agreement in 2022, which entered into force in 2023. In 2025, the parties began expanding the list of goods covered by preferential treatment, creating additional incentives for trade diversification and deeper industrial cooperation.
Investment Cooperation: From Presence to Systemic Engagement
Investment cooperation is one of the most dynamically developing areas of bilateral relations. In 2024, the volume of Turkish investments utilized in Uzbekistan reached USD 2.2 billion, while in January-November 2025 it increased to USD 3.2 billion. A total of 2,137 enterprises with Turkish capital operate in Uzbekistan, including 496 joint ventures and 1,641 wholly Turkish-owned companies.
These enterprises are active in textiles and furniture manufacturing, construction, trade, transport, logistics, and services. Importantly, a substantial share of them is export-oriented, strengthening Uzbekistan’s integration into regional and global value chains.
Industrial Cooperation: Transition to Joint Manufacturing
In recent years, Uzbek–Turkish cooperation has increasingly shifted from traditional trade toward industrial partnership. Turkish companies are actively involved in establishing production facilities across Uzbekistan’s regions, introducing modern technologies, management standards, and export-oriented business models.
Regular meetings of the Intergovernmental Commission on Trade and Economic Cooperation, accompanied by business forums, result in detailed roadmaps comprising dozens of measures covering industry, energy, logistics, and regional projects. This approach forms a solid foundation for sustainable industrial partnership.
Interregional Cooperation: Localized Economic Engagement
Active interregional interaction has become an essential element of the new partnership model. In 2024, targeted visits by delegations from the Fergana, Khorezm, Namangan, Navoi, Samarkand, and Jizzakh regions, as well as the city of Tashkent, were held to various regions of Türkiye.
This format enables a shift from framework agreements to concrete investment projects, creates direct B2B and B2G communication channels, and contributes to a more decentralized and resilient architecture of cooperation.
Transport and Logistics as Pillars of Trade and Investment
The expansion of trade and industrial cooperation naturally increases the importance of transport and logistics interaction. Türkiye is viewed by Uzbekistan as a key logistical gateway to European and Mediterranean markets, while Uzbekistan is becoming an important hub for Türkiye’s access to Central Asia.
The development of rail and road transport, along with intensive air connectivity - up to 97 regular flights per week across eight routes - enhances business mobility, supports investment activity, and strengthens economic integration between the two countries.
Prospective Areas of Cooperation: Converging Interests
The established economic core of Uzbek–Turkish relations provides a basis for a new phase of cooperation, shifting from quantitative growth to deeper structural and technological integration.
Localization and joint development of industrial production remain key convergence points. Uzbekistan offers industrial zones, resources, and a growing domestic market, while Türkiye contributes technology, design, managerial expertise, and access to external markets.
The textile and light industry is evolving toward the production of finished branded goods and contract manufacturing for international retail chains. Mechanical engineering and electrical equipment sectors are creating prerequisites for the establishment of assembly and production facilities. The agro-industrial complex offers opportunities for deep processing and joint exports of food products.
A separate strategic direction is the joint entry into third-country markets, where the combination of Uzbekistan’s production potential and Türkiye’s trade and logistics infrastructure creates substantial competitive advantages.
Overall, over the past eight years Uzbekistan and Türkiye have built a resilient model of strategic partnership based on trade, investment, industrial cooperation, interregional engagement, and transport connectivity. Trade turnover exceeding USD 3 billion, multi-billion-dollar investments, and thousands of joint enterprises testify to the maturity and long-term nature of bilateral relations.
Mashrab Mamirov,
Head of Directorate General of the Ministry of Investment, Industry and Trade of the Republic of Uzbekistan
President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev met with World Bank Vice President for Europe and Central Asia Antonella Bassani on September 30.
The sides discussed topical issues of further expansion of strategic cooperation with the World Bank Group and support of this leading international financial institution to the ongoing reform program in New Uzbekistan.
At the beginning of the meeting, Vice President Antonella Bassani conveyed to the head of our state sincere greetings and best wishes of World Bank President Ajay Bangui.
During the conversation, the current high level and fruitful nature of bilateral cooperation were noted with deep satisfaction.
In recent years, our country has become one of the largest partners of the Bank - the portfolio of projects has increased several times and now exceeds 12 billion dollars.
The World Bank is supporting the implementation of important reforms aimed at ensuring the sustainability of economic and social sectors. The Bank's regional office in Tashkent has been operating since July this year.
Such areas as poverty reduction, transformation of state-owned enterprises and banks, decarbonization, support for WTO accession and others have been identified as priorities for further expansion of the partnership.
Special attention was paid to the programs of urbanization and integrated development of regions, modernization of energy and irrigation infrastructure, support to the private sector.
There was also an exchange of views on the promotion of regional projects.