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Uzbekistan has once again reaffirmed its commitment to building a society free of corruption, where integrity, transparency and accountability are the cornerstones of public administration
Uzbekistan has once again reaffirmed its commitment to building a society free of corruption, where integrity, transparency and accountability are the cornerstones of public administration

The Resolution signed by the President of Uzbekistan “On measures to introduce a system of continuous improvement of knowledge of the population and civil servants in the fight against corruption” caused an interested discussion in the international expert community.

Alexander Klishin, adviser at the UN Office of Rule of Law and Security Institutions:

– This initiative marks a significant step in the fight against corruption not only for Uzbekistan, but also on the international arena. The Virtual Anti-Corruption Academy is a leading initiative of the President of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev, aimed at introducing a system of continuous improvement of knowledge among the population and civil servants in the fight against corruption.

The initiative is perfectly aligned with global efforts to promote integrity, transparency and accountability across all sectors of the economy. Uzbekistan has once again reaffirmed its commitment to building a society free of corruption, where integrity, transparency and accountability are the cornerstones of public administration. The Anti-Corruption Virtual Academy fully embodies these values and serves as a commendable example for other countries.

 

Anas Fayyad Qarman, UNDP Resident Representative a.i. in Uzbekistan:

– We are pleased to know the adoption of the Resolution of the President of Uzbekistan regarding the Virtual Anti-Corruption Academy. We view this measure as an important step towards further strengthening the anti-corruption ecosystem.

We have been cooperating with the Anti-Corruption Agency in various areas a long while, including the development of a compliance control system in government agencies and organizations. We are also jointly developing various digital solutions to combat corruption in the public sector. In my opinion, a distinctive feature of a new Academy is its availability to both civil servants and ordinary citizens.

 

Antti Karttunen, Head of OSCE Project Coordinator in Uzbekistan:

– The initiative of the President of Uzbekistan to create a Virtual Anti-Corruption Academy is a time requirement and will help find answers to many questions related to this area.

Like the Law ‘On Conflict of Interest’ recently signed by the President, it is another important step in the fight against corruption in Uzbekistan.

We look forward to continuing to support the improvement of legislation in the field of combating corruption, as well as to improve the qualification of employees of government bodies and organizations through the Virtual Academy and support all other efforts of Uzbekistan in this area.

Tuija Brax, Director of the Rule of Law Center, former Minister of Justice (Finland):

– It is my great honor to express a few words about the new Virtual Anti-Corruption Academy in Uzbekistan. We have been cooperating with the Anti-Corruption Agency of Uzbekistan for several years now, and I was greatly impressed by the initiatives of President Shavkat Mirziyoyev to combat corruption in the country, measures to improve legislation in this area and efforts to raise public awareness. The new Virtual Academy is a unique opportunity to raise awareness, develop special courses for different target groups, and also attract young people to study this field, since ultimately it is about the future of Uzbekistan.

Quentin Reed, Professor of Oxford University, INGO Regional Dialogue’s Anti-Corruption Specialist (United Kingdom):

– I am happy to hear about the President signing the Resolution, which provides for the establishment of the Virtual Anti-Corruption Academy. International NGO Regional Dialogue and the Anti-Corruption Agency have been cooperating for several years in developing preventive anti-corruption measures in Uzbekistan. We express our readiness to provide full-fledged support in the development of educational modules and programs within the Virtual Academy, as awareness-raising, education and training are key tools in the prevention of corruption. Appropriate anti-corruption system cannot be established without them. This is particularly important for public servants, especially those in vulnerable situations, but I would also pay particular attention to citizens.

Nuripa Mukanova, Secretary General, the Anti-Corruption Business Council under the President of Kyrgyzstan:

– My congratulations to the people of Uzbekistan and the Anti-Corruption Agency on the establishment of the Virtual Anti-Corruption Academy. The opening of this Academy is important for both Uzbekistan and the countries of Central Asia. This is a very important anti-corruption measure and platform for increasing the capacity of all those directly involved in anti-corruption issues, as well as those who want to increase their capacity, knowledge and skills in the field of combating and preventing corruption. This platform will also allow young people who study and then enter public service to improve their anti-corruption skills.

 

Dunyo IA

Uzbekistan and the United States: Evolution of Bilateral Relations and Trajectories for Further Convergence
Uzbekistan and the United States: Evolution of Bilateral Relations and Trajectories for Further Convergence

In recent years, relations between Uzbekistan and the United States of America have gained a new impetus. Moving beyond formal diplomacy, the partnership has evolved into a deeper, multi-dimensional engagement. Today, political dialogue is active, economic and business ties are expanding, and humanitarian and people-to-people connections are steadily strengthening.

Until 2017, Uzbek-American cooperation was primarily focused on regional security issues and the situation in Afghanistan, while noticeable progress in the economy and investment was virtually absent. However, following the election of Shavkat Mirziyoyev and his visit to Washington in 2018, cooperation began to acquire a strategic character.

This marked the first visit by Uzbek leader to the United States in 16 years and signaled a new level of mutual trust. During the visit, agreements and memoranda totaling over $4.8 billion were signed, paving the way for projects involving major U.S. companies.

These positive trends have largely been driven by Uzbekistan’s domestic reforms and its pragmatic approach to regional and foreign policy. Consequently, diplomatic engagement has intensified: regular consultations at the level of foreign ministries have fostered systematic and structured cooperation.

Since the 2020s, relations have evolved into a multi-layered structure. In 2021, the format of political consultations was transformed into the “Strategic Partnership Dialogue between Uzbekistan and the United States,” encompassing the economy, security, and environmental issues. The first meeting of this new format took place in Tashkent and laid the foundation for comprehensive cooperation.

In 2024, bilateral relations reached a qualitatively new level with the official establishment of an expanded strategic partnership. This format is based on the alignment of key priorities: Uzbekistan seeks deep economic modernization, attraction of foreign investment, integration into global markets, and the formation of a competitive economy. The United States supports these efforts, affirming its commitment to the reform process and encouraging American business participation in the new opportunities emerging in Uzbekistan.

In this context, the meeting between Shavkat Mirziyoyev and Donald Trump in September of this year on the sidelines of the UN General Assembly outlined specific priorities for bilateral cooperation and established the foundation for long-term collaboration. More than ten agreements were signed with major companies, including Boeing, Cargill, and Citigroup and others.

Following this, in October 2024, a U.S. delegation led by President Biden’s Special Envoy for South and Central Asia, Sergio Gor, and Deputy Secretary of State Christopher Landau visited Tashkent. The visit reinforced mutual trust and underscored both sides’ commitment to advancing joint initiatives in key areas of the bilateral agenda.

Undoubtedly, the U.S. contribution to Uzbekistan’s economy maintains a steady dynamic: in 2024, trade turnover increased by 15%, reaching $881.7 million. The portfolio of investment projects exceeds $11 billion. These figures illustrate a steady expansion of trade and economic cooperation, even as overall volumes remain relatively modest.

At the same time, the contemporary economic agenda, however, extends beyond traditional trade. Joint industrial and investment projects, collaboration in logistics, civil aviation, agro-industrial complex, and metallurgy, as well as the implementation of digital and innovative solutions in supply chain management, are coming to the forefront.

Structural changes in Uzbekistan’s export profile are particularly noteworthy. Services now constitute 86% of the country’s main export portfolio. The United States remains the largest market for Uzbek IT services: of 800 active exporters, 448 provide digital services to the U.S., representing 45% out of total IT exports. This underscores the U.S.’s role as a strategic partner in Uzbekistan’s technology sector.

To increase the export of Uzbek goods to the U.S., the President instructed the regions of the country to establish direct connections with individual states. For instance, in August of this year, a task was set to increase textile exports to the U.S. five to sixfold. Within this initiative, the Andijan Region Textile Trade House opened a representative office in St. Louis, one of the country’s key logistics hubs.

The American company Oppenheimer plans to participate in the financing of three major projects in the Andijan Region with a total value of $1.2 billion, including the creation of a textile industrial zone worth $180 million.

Uzbekistan has again attracted U.S. attention due to the presence of critically important minerals and rare earth elements used in batteries, semiconductors, and modern defense systems. In April 2025, the countries signed an agreement on cooperation in the extraction of such resources, and in September, the American investor Cove Capital began geological exploration work.

Significant progress is also observed in the humanitarian sphere: the number of academic exchanges and educational programs is increasing, and the interest of Uzbek youth in American education has noticeably grown. Currently, 40 Uzbek universities implement partnership projects with more than 25 American universities and educational institutions. Cooperation includes academic exchange of faculty and students, joint research, and the engagement of American specialists in the educational process.

These initiatives reflect Uzbekistan’s aspiration for greater openness and integration into the international community, creating conditions for expanding contacts in tourism and cultural spheres.

In this context, starting January 1, 2026, Uzbekistan will introduce a 30-day visa-free regime for U.S. citizens. Previously, such a regime only applied to tourists over 55 years old. The new rules significantly facilitate U.S. citizens’ access to the country, promoting tourism, business travel, and cultural exchanges, as well as opening additional opportunities for establishing direct contacts between individuals and organizations in both countries.

A central element of multilateral interaction remains the regional C5+1 format, which unites the U.S. and the five Central Asian countries. The U.S. National Security Strategy indicates the intention to intensify work within this platform to promote initiatives on climate change mitigation, energy and food security, development of transport connectivity, and expansion of Central Asian countries’ access to global markets.

To sum up, the evolution of Uzbekistan-U.S. relations demonstrates how pragmatism and reform-driven policies can overcome barriers and create mutual benefits. Today, bilateral relations are comprehensive and resilient: Uzbekistan has emerged as a significant partner, recognized in Washington as a key contributor to regional stability. The trajectory of cooperation points toward constructive partnership, with Central Asia serving not as periphery, but as a bridge for sustainable development and mutually beneficial collaboration.

 

Shakhnoza Kodirova

Head of the Department the

the Institute for Strategic and Regional Studies

under the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan

Uzbekistan’s electoral transformation: embracing technology for a stronger democracy
Uzbekistan’s electoral transformation: embracing technology for a stronger democracy

Uzbekistan's upcoming elections for the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis (Parliament) and the Councils of People's Deputies, scheduled for October 27th, are not just a routine event. They mark a significant milestone in the nation's democratic journey, introducing groundbreaking changes that promise to transform the electoral landscape. The recent meeting of the Central Election Commission unveiled several key innovations that will ensure greater efficiency, transparency, and inclusivity, making these elections a matter of global interest.

For the first time in the nation's history, the Legislative Chamber elections will employ a mixed electoral system, combining majoritarian and proportional representation. This change means that voters will elect seventy-five deputies directly, while another seventy-five will be chosen based on party votes. This system aims to create a more balanced and representative legislature, enhancing democratic legitimacy and ensuring a broader spectrum of political voices.

One of the most notable advancements in Uzbekistan's electoral system is the full digitization of election commission activities. The introduction of the 'E-Saylov' information system is a significant leap forward, revolutionizing the election process. This digital platform not only streamlines the process, reducing bureaucracy and document handling, but also ensures a smoother, more efficient, and transparent electoral experience. It automates interactions between election commissions, political parties, candidates, observers, and the media, providing real-time statistical data, candidate information, and interactive maps. This technological leap empowers voters with unprecedented access to essential election-related information, making the electoral process more inclusive and transparent.

Inclusivity is another cornerstone of these elections. New election legislation requires political parties to ensure that at least 40% of their candidates are women, a progressive move towards gender equality in political representation. This requirement not only aligns Uzbekistan with advanced democratic standards but also enriches the political discourse by incorporating diverse perspectives.

The elections are taking place in a context where the updated Constitution has significantly enhanced the powers of parliament and representative bodies. The Legislative Chamber's powers have increased from 5 to 12, and the Senate's from 12 to 18. Parliament's oversight functions over executive, judicial, law enforcement, and special services have also been expanded. Additionally, the leadership of local Councils of People's Deputies by hokims (governors) has been abolished, transferring 33 powers previously held by hokims to local Councils to increase their role in resolving critical state issues.

The slogan "My Choice—My Prosperous Homeland" not only captures the spirit of these elections but also reflects the unwavering commitment of Uzbekistan's leadership to democratic state-building and citizen empowerment. With over 120,000 election commission members, 70,000 citizens, and numerous international observers participating, the elections are set to be a transparent and inclusive process, further demonstrating this commitment.

In conclusion, Uzbekistan is setting a remarkable precedent with its upcoming elections by embracing technological innovation and inclusivity. These initiatives will undoubtedly pave the way for a more prosperous and democratic future, showcasing Uzbekistan’s dedication to advancing democratic principles and practices.

 

Eldor Tulyakov,

The Executive Director,

Development Strategy Centre (Uzbekistan)

 

The President signed into law a law affecting the lives of more than 10 million people
The President signed into law a law affecting the lives of more than 10 million people

President Shavkat Mirziyoyev signed the law "On Recognition of Rights to Unauthorized Land Plots and Buildings and Structures Constructed on Them".

Many citizens of our country have been waiting for the resolution of this issue, which concerns the lives of millions of families. According to preliminary data, there are currently more than 3 million 600 thousand land plots, the legal documents for which are not formalized or incomplete.

In this regard, the head of state at a video conference call on land registration and cadastre held on November 21, 2023, noted the need for a legal solution to this issue. Accordingly, a draft law was developed with the participation of specialists in the sphere and deputies. The positive experience of Italy, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic and other countries was taken into account. The draft was finalized and considered in the chambers of the Oliy Majlis.

The law consists of 6 chapters and 35 articles, which recognize rights to the following land plots and property:

1) land plots unauthorizedly seized by citizens before May 1, 2018 through the construction of individual housing, and buildings and structures built on them;

2) land plots occupied by citizens and organizations before May 1, 2018 in excess of the area specified in the document, as well as buildings and structures built on them;

3) land plots, the recognition of rights to which within the framework of the "one-time action" has not been completed, as well as buildings and structures constructed on them;

4) land plots allocated by decision of the regional (city) khokim until June 8, 2021, but not approved by the regional khokim or the Kengash of People's Deputies;

5) residential premises on the territory of horticultural and vine-growing associations and the land plot occupied by them;

6) land plots of entrepreneurs located in small industrial zones before March 9, 2020;

7) land plots occupied by buildings and houses privatized by state warrant;

8) land plots occupied by buildings and houses for which the ownership right has been recognized by the decision of the hokim.

The law also clearly defines the main conditions for recognizing rights. For example, the land plot should not be allocated to other persons or put up for auction; there should be no dispute over the land plot; there should be no contradiction with the general plan.

Recognition of rights is carried out step by step by region. Approval of information and documents concerning unauthorized land plots and buildings and structures built on them is carried out through the automated information system of the Cadastre Agency. The relevant information is also entered into this system by 15 authorized organizations.

Completeness and legality of the collected documents are checked by the regional justice department. The results will be announced on the website of the Cadastre Agency and in makhalla corners. Citizens who have received a positive conclusion will be sent an SMS-message, on the basis of which a one-time payment will be made. After that, the rights will be recognized quarterly by the decision of the regional Kengash of People's Deputies.

The bodies of prosecutor's office, internal affairs, agro-inspection, ecology, cadastre establish state control over the implementation of the law. The law also pays special attention to public control. Thus, public groups will be created in each mahalla by decision of district councils of people's deputies. These groups will include a deputy of the district council elected from the district where the mahalla is located, the chairman of the mahalla and active citizens.

A one-time payment is charged for the recognition of rights to land plots under residential houses, privatized or buildings and structures recognized on the right of ownership. The amount of the payment is 5 basic calculation units in the city of Tashkent, 3 BRV in the city of Nukus and regional centers, 2 BRV in cities and 1 BRV in other settlements. Persons included in the Unified Register of Social Protection and persons with disabilities are given a discount.

The one-time payment is directed to cover the costs of the cadastre and justice bodies and the Uzbekcosmos Agency. The remaining funds will be directed to the activities of the initiative budget, i.e. to the mahallas.

The law will come into force in 3 months, before that explanatory and preparatory work will be carried out on the ground. The law will be in force until January 1, 2028.

It should be noted that in the Republic of Karakalpakstan work in this direction has already begun. The Decree of the President of Uzbekistan of July 28, 2023 allowed to recognize the rights to undocumented residential houses and land plots located in the region by the decision of Jokargy Kenes of the Republic of Karakalpakstan.

After that, working groups were established in all districts and cities to examine 43,432 houses built in the Republic of Karakalpakstan without title documents. The location, condition and time of construction of the houses were verified on the basis of an analysis of land records and space images.

Following a comprehensive discussion, ownership of 27,590 residential houses and the right to lease the land on which they are located were recognized.

The results of this noble policy have had a positive impact on the lives of more than 100,000 citizens living in 27,590 houses. They now have the right to legally register their housing, sell it to another person, and put family members on permanent registration. Also, owners will now be able to receive preferential loans for repairs or additional construction, and in case of seizure of housing for public needs to demand compensation in accordance with the law.

The law "On Recognition of Rights to Unauthorized Land Plots and Buildings and Structures Constructed on Them" will expand the scope of this noble work throughout the country. If we assume that each of more than 3 million 600 thousand land plots concerns on average 3-4 citizens or entrepreneurs, this law will solve the problems of more than 10 million people and create a legal basis for their future life.

The awakening lion: the era of renewal
The awakening lion: the era of renewal

Hey, great Turan, land of lions!
What has become of you? What are these days you endure now?
Oh, glorious cradle of Genghis, Timur, Oghuz, and Attila!
Where have the esteemed seats you once held gone?..
Abdurauf Fitrat
An American politician once said of the current life and fate of the Central Asian region: ‘They are neither post-Soviet nor post-communist countries now’.
Today no specialist knowledge is needed to understand this idea, which suggests that such labels are outdated in the research community. For example, ten to fifteen years ago the political behaviour of Central Asian societies – neighbours for thousands of years – was prone to national separatism, mutual dislike and latent hostility, but today they have undergone a remarkable transformation. Ideologues and ordinary Central Asians only a couple years ago endeavoured to prove their superiority, their antiquity and, for these very reasons, their greater belonging to the historical and cultural heritage of the region. Though they still might hurl some sharp insults at each other, now they have become united neighbours.
Every day we see and hear of events that illustrate this unity and provide concrete evidence of it. Meanwhile, as already noted, some latent and outdated policies of these neighbouring countries towards each other still attempt to turn the common cultural heritage of the region into a language of hatred.
As a result of Soviet nationalisation and post-Soviet ideologisation, these five states in the Eurasian centre, the land that once founded great empires and was famous throughout the world, unfortunately turned away from one another after gaining independence. This, in turn, allowed the region to remain a geopolitical object for the modern world’s empires.
At this moment, I do not intend to delve into the geopolitical picture of the region and its current situation. I would like to share my brief thoughts on the bold steps and the international image of what Uzbek leadership is calling ‘New Uzbekistan’. The country is transforming day by day and now has the ability to directly influence regional processes.
These joyful events have made me take up my pen.

I
August 2024 began with good news. That month’s two important events to which I would like to draw attention, are related to the growing role of New Uzbekistan in world politics, culture, and modern history. These were the state visit of the President of Uzbekistan to Kazakhstan and his participation in the Consultative Meeting of the Heads of Central Asian States in Astana, as well as the historic victory of our athletes at the Olympic Games in Paris.
True, some may argue, “Well, the President has repeatedly participated in meetings in this format, and our athletes have delivered victories commensurate with those from other countries. What’s the big deal?”
But I also have a question for such people: When did the world powers take Uzbekistan, which will soon be celebrating thirty-three years of independence, so seriously? When have this country and its long-suffering people been recognised as independent subjects of international politics? When did our country’s representative reach thirteenth place in a set of international competitions in which athletes from more than two hundred countries took part? When was the anthem of Uzbekistan played eight times at such prestigious competitions? When was our flag raised thirteen times over the winners' podium? And when else did we hear that ‘Uzbek athletes have no equal in the world!’?
Of course, no one will be able to contradict me when I say that these two factors are the worthy fruit of the hard work of our country’s president Shavkat Mirziyoyev.
I would like to say a few words about the meetings in Kazakhstan. The details of this visit vividly demonstrated the results of Mirziyoyev’s changes in regional policy, which he put into place eight years ago.
The first meeting of the Interstate Supreme Council, which took place 7-9 August 2023, was cochaired by Mirziyoyev and President of the Republic of Kazakhstan Kassym-Jomart Tokayev.
This was the first time in our history that the leaders of these two Central Asian states have met to agree on multifaceted supranational cooperation, which is recognised by the world community and international experts as one of the main locomotives of international affairs in the modern world. In the past, despite supranational general concepts such as ‘Central Asia’, ‘regional unity’ or the substanceless slogan ‘Turkestan is our common home’, the identity of the region as a whole has remained extremely blurred. The actions of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, the two main powers in the region, towards this end are an important step in transforming these previous abstractions into a concrete plan. We will talk about this a little later, but for now let us focus on the first meeting of the Interstate Council.
The visit hosted meetings of the Intergovernmental Commission and the Business Council, as well as a business forum, political consultations, a think tank forum and intellectual games. The organizers of the meetings also organised cinema days and other cultural events to strengthen the unity of Central Asian peoples in cultural terms as well as economic and political.
One of the most significant events of these meetings was the adoption by the leaders of the two countries of the Programme for Strategic Partnership and Allied Cooperation for 2024-2034. This document undoubtedly marks the beginning of a new stage in Uzbek-Kazakh relations of friendship and good neighbourliness.
Economic relations between the two parties have already reached record highs in recent years. As a result of previous meetings, such as economic forums and business meetings of the parties, solid agreements worth $7 billion were signed.
‘We have opened a new chapter in our multifaceted relations – we have held the first meeting of the Supreme Interstate Council. This format is an expression of the highest level of interstate cooperation and clearly demonstrates the close ties between our countries and peoples and their firm desire to strengthen cooperation in all areas,’ Mirziyoyev said at the meeting.
Of course, this unprecedented level of cooperation between the two countries did not go unnoticed by the world community and international experts. Analysts and think tanks commented widely on the details of the visit. In particular, Roy Anthony Rogers, Deputy Director of the Asia and Europe Institute at the University of Malaya (Malaysia), outlined his observations as follows:
‘Thanks to the strong historical ties and personal friendship between the leaders of Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan, the current state of Uzbek-Kazakh relations is characterised by special dynamics, a high level of mutual understanding and trust. I believe that this visit of the president of Uzbekistan to Kazakhstan is of historic significance not only for the peoples of the two countries, but also for the prosperity of the entire Central Asian region.’
Praising Uzbekistan’s policy of regional cooperation, Nasri Al Saadi, Managing Partner of Premium Construction (Qatar), focuses in his article on the sincere actions of the neighbouring countries:
‘The two leaders are committed to uniting the region and coordinating efforts through consultative meetings and the Central Asia Plus platforms, which are becoming increasingly popular mechanisms for international cooperation. They actively support each other on global and regional political issues’.
Of course, my aim is not to summarise or comment on the opinions of foreign analysts on this historic meeting. My intention is to tell you about the activities of Mirziyoyev, who is striving with equanimity and wisdom to achieve his goal of transforming Uzbekistan’s previous isolation into regional openness and is achieving great success. After all, I am always proud to be a contemporary and compatriot of a person who has glorified and continues to glorify the name of the Uzbek people and Uzbekistan.
                                                                                                                             II
Sheikh ul-Islam Allahshukur Pashazadeh, Chairman of the Caucasus Muslim Board, said in a recent interview with the Uzbek media that ‘Mr Mirziyoyev’s personality today has become a force that influences not only the socio-political life of Uzbekistan, but also the region’.
This fact continues to manifest itself in other examples. For instance, our president personally initiated the Consultative Meeting of Central Asian States, which has attracted great interest in international politics today.
His initiative was widely welcomed by the international community, and the first meeting was held in Astana on 15 March 2018. The recent meeting of the leaders of the five Central Asian states in Astana, Kazakhstan, marked the beginning of a new cycle of this format.
Although this is not the main focus of today’s article, I must make a comment. I believe I understand the goal Mirziyoyev had in mind when he first initiated this recurring set of meetings 7-8 years ago. The goal is to unite our peoples, to heal the wounds caused by Soviet modernization, to awaken the ‘lion’ that once fell into a deep slumber.
At this most recent meeting, such political appeals as ‘regional integration,’ ‘regional identity’ were put forward with the sincerity that was so often lacking in previous years.
‘Given our common cultural and historical heritage’, Mirziyoyev stated, ‘we must pay great attention to strengthening the ownership, solidarity and shared responsibility of our peoples for the future of the region’.
I believe that the early launch of the international media platform ‘History and Culture of Central Asia: One Past and Common Future’ will be an important practical step in this direction.
In order to further strengthen mutual understanding and solidarity among the peoples of the region, we propose to hold a scientific forum devoted to practical aspects of regional identity formation.
If one takes a closer look at the expression ‘regional identity’ in this quote, you will see that this term essentially encompasses not only geographical, political, economic, but also cultural aspects of the region. This is a bold step towards restoring the region’s lost soul – a shared identity after years of Soviet rule.
The two high honours awarded to the President of our country in Kazakhstan – the Altın Qıran (Golden Eagle) Order of the of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Badge of Honour of the Heads of the Central Asian States – attest to Mirziyoyev’s melting of the ice between the peoples and states of the region and his restoration of the warm friendship and love inherited from our ancestors.
This is undoubtedly a vivid example of the policy initiated and pursued by president Mirziyoyev in the region, full of kindness and sincerity.
                                                                                                                             III
Of course, our success at Olympic Games in Paris continues to warm our hearts. These victories have become the heart, pride and honour of New Uzbekistan. Remember that only yesterday our country, which was looked down upon as ‘colonial’ or ‘post-colonial’ and whose name was only mentioned in passing at international meetings, showed the world its presence.
In addition to placing 13th in the gold medal count at the Olympics, Uzbekistan garnered 4th place in Asia and 1st place among the Turkic, Muslim and CIS countries. Three of our athletes were also honoured with the high title of “Two-Time Olympic Champion.”
One might say that the achievements of our country today seem special to us only because we are Uzbek citizens. But no, these are international recognitions that the country has not achieved in centuries. The accomplishments of our country today, the creative power of Mirziyoyev, have not been overlooked from the outside. For example, well-known historian, ethnologist and anthropologist of Central Asia Sergey Abashin, expressed his impression of Uzbekistan’s performance at the Olympics on his social media pages as follows:
‘The Paris-2024 Olympic Games were an extremely important event. They will be remembered not for the discussion of gender and artistic issues, but above all for the remarkable results of athletes from Central Asian countries, and in particular from Uzbekistan, which won 8 gold medals and finished 13th (I would like to remind you that in addition to their Olympic successes, Uzbek chess players have been ranked high in the world rankings in recent years). In sport, we are witnessing the emergence of Central Asian countries as major players, recognised and acknowledged worldwide, and becoming aware of their subjectivity. This is a real historical change in the world and in the post-Soviet space, still a long and certainly natural process.’
Abashin here remarks that Uzbekistan’s successes in sport today show that it is becoming a known entity on the world stage. Frankly, this means that the country no longer needs a mediator – such as ‘former Soviet state’ or ‘site of a former US base for Afghanistan’ – to understand its position in the world.
In conclusion, I would like to say that these two place-setting events for Uzbekistan of the past month promise only further bright moments ahead, express the determination of New Uzbekistan, and the innovative path of its leader, president Mirziyoyev.

Qudratilla Rafiqov,
political scientist

Surkhandarya the cradle of ancient civilizations
Surkhandarya the cradle of ancient civilizations

Surkhandarya region the cradle of ancient civilizations

Surkhandarya region is the southernmost region of Uzbekistan. It occupies the Gissar ridge in the north, Babatag in the east, the Kugitangtau and Baysuntau spurs in the west, and the Amu Darya in the south.

5 reasons to visit Surkhandarya:

  1. Explore mountain and ecotourism in the region
Surkhandarya region is notable for mountain and ecotourism. In the region you can see an incredibly beautiful natural landscape: caves (Teshik-Tash cave, where scientists discovered the remains of a Neanderthal child in 1938-1939), massifs, gorges. These places attract a lot of attention from travelers and adventure seekers.

  1. Explore monuments of the distant past
The region's territory is rich in historical attractions, including architectural monuments, open-air museums, ruins of ancient settlements, and ancient fortresses. Not far from the city of Termez, on the territory of the ancient settlement of Dalverzintepa, various ivory items, objects made of precious stones, coins, elegant ceramics dating back to the Greco-Bactrian era were discovered; a special place is occupied by the oldest chess pieces in the world (1st-2nd centuries AD). e.).
Additionally, visitors can explore the defensive fortress of Hanaka Kyrk-Kyz, associated with the legend of Princess Gulaim and her forty maidens bravely defending against invading nomads.

  1. Learn About Religious Monuments
In the administrative center of the region – Termez and in its surroundings, many historical attractions associated with various religions, such as Zoroastrianism, Nestorianism, Buddhism and Islam, are still preserved. The architectural complex of Hakim at-Termeziy, the memorial 
and cult complex of Sultan Saodat, the Buddhist cult center of Karatepa, the Buddhist temple complex of Fayaztepa, the Jarkurgan minaret, and the Buddhist stupa of Zurmala are the oldest religious monuments of the Surkhandarya region.

  1. Immerse yourself in the cultural heritage of the region
The cultural heritage of the city of Boysun in the Surkhandarya region and the Uzbek “shashmaqom” (musical genre) are included in the UNESCO list of intangible masterpieces of world cultural heritage.
The folklore festival “Boysun Bahori” (“Boysun Spring”) is held here annually, which reflects the unique rituals, traditions and special culture of the people.

  1. Taste the national cuisine of the region
The diversity of the nationalities of this region has made the cuisine of Surkhandarya unique, unlike any other cuisine in the world.
Here meat is included in almost all dishes. One of the most delicious dishes of this region is Tandoor Gusht.
Also popular is the dish Chuponcha - shepherd's meat, which is prepared from fresh dairy lamb.



The history of the Surkhandarya region has ancient roots dating back to the beginning of great civilizations. This unique place in Uzbekistan is known for its historical monuments and beautiful nature. The region is located in the foothills of Hissar, Bobotaga, Cohitang, which are famous for their beautiful
landscapes and unique natural formations. The rich reserves of mineral water found in the region are an important source of recreation and have healing properties. A trip to Surkhandarya, will be a fascinating experience, during which you can get acquainted with the unusual landscapes of Uzbekistan, see colorful architecture, and immerse yourself in the unique culture of this region.

Canyon Kyzyl
The Canyon Kyzyl, is located in the Surkhandarya region near the village of Baysun and is translated as “Red Canyon”. The length is 30 kilometers, and the highest point is Mount Buritakht, 1218 meters high. Here, nature has created breathtaking labyrinths, stretching for several tens of kilometers, and every turn of the relief, reveals amazing landscapes. In the spring season, the appearance of the canyon differs from the usual harsh stone appearance, since the surface is completely covered with different vegetation, among which rare medicinal herbs can be found. This place is truly amazing and deserves the status of one of the wonders of Uzbekistan.

Cave Boy-Bulok
In the Chul-Bair Mountain range, located in the Surkhandarya region, there is an amazing cave, called Boy-Bulok. It is considered the deepest in the entire Asian continent and reaches a depth of an impressive 1415 meters. Boy-Bulok is located 60 kilometers from the regional center of Baysun, and is a technically complex facility classified as the fifth complexity category.
In 1985, the first study of this unique place was carried out. Various obstacles were found inside the cave, including vertical bends, narrow vertical shafts up to 180 meters deep, and water-filled passages called half-siphons and siphons. Boy-Bulok has an impressive size that extends both down to a depth of minus 1158 meters, where the impenetrable siphon is located, and up to 359 meters. The very impressive amplitude – is 1517 meters.
Boy-Bulok, located at a depth of 1283 meters, is connected with Vishnevsky Cave. These two caves have a potential connection that is 2033 meters deep and extends for about 30 kilometers. This makes Boy-Bulok the third deepest cave in the world.

Massif Khoja Gur Gur ota
In translation, Khoja Gur Gur ota means “Father of all caves”. At an altitude of 3700 meters above sea level, there is a remote region of harsh and very wild nature. The gigantic, sloping peak of the mountain range ends with an impressive 500-meter-high cliff on one side, and deep canyons with cracks tearing the plateau on the other. Here can be seen fossilized traces of dinosaurs, fragments of basalt and crushed stone of the most bizarre shapes, as well as the burial place of the holy righteous man Khumajoy-ota. The slope of Khoja Gur Gur ota extends vertically and has entrances to many caves, many of which have not yet been explored. In addition, upon reaching the highest point of the massif, you will feel like you are standing on a huge wall separating one world from another.

Machay Cave
Machay Cave is another settlement of primitive people, which is located in the Baysun district of the Surkhandarya region. It is located near Mount Cohitang, on the right bank of the Machay River. The cave is 3.4 to 4 meters high, about 8 meters long and about 10 meters wide. It consists of two cultural layers: the upper layer belongs to the Mesolithic, and the lower layer belongs to the late Mesolithic and early Neolithic. Inside the cave, bones of a man and a woman were discovered that date back to the Mesolithic period. It is of great interest to the scientific community is the availability of material evidence of how people lived in the Stone Age. As a result of research, an abundance of artifacts was discovered in Machay Cave, which indicates the way of life of those times. The finds included 87 different stones, hundreds of weapons made from the bones of 15 different animal species, as well as stone knives, axes, handles, sawtooth weapons, arrowheads, bows and spears. The inhabitants of Machay Cave used these various weapons to skin domestic and wild animals and then use them to make clothing for themselves. These findings are of great value to the scientific community, as they allow us to better understand the lifestyle of people of that time. Surkhandarya – the cradle of ancient civilizations.

Sangardak Waterfall
The Sangardak Waterfall is located among the gorges of the Surkhandarya Mountains, being one of the wonders of the country's natural world. The waterfall is situated in the Sariasi region, 205 kilometers from Termez and 30 kilometers from Denau. Sangardak Waterfall is formed from karst waters flowing inside caves, rather than from a mountain river. As a result, people have created various legends about the waterfall and believe that it has healing properties. Moreover, it is worth noting that even ancient Arabs, Greeks, rulers of Transoxiana, and other peoples came to admire the waterfall.

The Teshik-Tash Cave 
The Teshik-Tash Cave is located on the slopes of the Baysuntau mountains. In 1938, during excavations, archaeologists discovered an ancient burial there. Scientists discovered five cultural layers 1.5 meters thick. Clay layers and crushed stones separated the layers. The remains of a Neanderthal child are the most famous finding in the cave, which became famous throughout the world and made the site well-known. Soviet archaeologist A.P. Okladnikov, who discovered these remains, subsequently received the Stalin Prize.

Zarautsay Gorge
The gorge is located in the Kugitang mountains in the Surkhandarya region. These are the southwestern spurs of the Hissar ridge. The discovered cave paintings are rare examples of primitive art. All rock paintings in Zarautsay are written in red ocher, unlike other petroglyphs in Uzbekistan. Impressive hunting scenes with running bulls, goitered gazelles, saigas, arrows, chasing dogs and people with bows and axes, as well as mysterious hooded figures who clearly carry out rituals associated with hunting, can arouse interest and surprise among viewers of this unique ancient art person. Of the 200 images found in 1940, only 40 have now survived in the Zarautsay grottoes.

Dinosaur tracks
Traces of hoofed dinosaurs were discovered in the limestones of the Cretaceous period in the village of Gumatak. The footprints are on a stone slab, which is easily accessible from a car after walking only 300 meters.
Speleologists have also discovered traces of other large dinosaurs in Surkhandarya, but to see them you will need to make a separate trip.

Karyshoto Gorges
In the Surkhandarya region, there is another unusual place, the Karyshoto Gorges. The gorges have karst waterfalls along their walls despite the fact that they are located in hot and dry areas.
As a result, you feel as if you have entered a picturesque oasis. The gorge in several places prevents passage due to the rather high waterfalls. However, when you overcome them, you can see how the gorge continues in two directions.

Canyon Kaptarhona
Several thousand doves have been nesting in this canyon for a long time, which is why this place received the name Kaptarhona, which is translated from Uzbek as “dovecote”.
Once upon a time, the canyon was completely deserted, and its only inhabitants were doves, which were so numerous that one could safely call this place the kingdom of these birds.
Kaptarhona is a winding road along a narrow gorge. Various boulders are scattered along the path. Many attractive and exciting turns hide amazing views.

Khojaikon Salt Cave
In 1989, the Khojaikon Salt Cave was opened, which since then, thanks to the concentration of salt and light negative air ions in the air, has helped people cope with various ailments, such as asthma, respiratory diseases, chronic bronchitis, complications of pneumonia, as well as various skin problems.
The cave is 155 meters long and is a salt monolith inside of which there are treatment room chambers, each of which differs in temperature, humidity, pressure and trace element content. The healing procedure takes only 2-2.5 hours a day.

Meteor Lake Kanbeshbulak
Lake Kanbeshbulak is located in the Khaman tract in the west of Surkhandarya region. The lake is an exceptional natural monument.
According to scientists, this lake was formed as a result of a meteorite fall. In their opinion, it was a meteorite crater that filled with water and became known as Kanbeshbulak. The explosive red sandstones that make up the slopes of the lake indicate the origin of the bowl.

Panjob Gorge
The Panjob Gorge is located in the foothills of the Kugitang Tau ridge in the Surkhandarya region of Uzbekistan, 125 km northwest of Termez. This is a very beautiful gorge in which the small river Gazak, in the Karyshoto mountain range, cuts its way through limestone, gypsum and rock salt, creating a powerful picturesque canyon with vertical cliffs more than 200 meters high.
In some places the width of the gorges can be no more than two meters. In the narrow passages of the gorge, the most beautiful place is a 30-meter section on the right side of the canyon. In this place, water is knocked out of a rock covered with bright green moss, either as a curtain of water or in separate streams, forming a multiple rainbow under the sun's rays.

Surkhan State Reserve

The Surkhan State Nature Reserve is located in the Surkhandarya region of Uzbekistan, just 60 kilometers from the city of Termez. The reserve was created in 1986 by combining the Kugitang and Aral-Paigambar reserves. The purpose of its creation was the preservation and restoration of rare species of plants and animals.
The reserve consists of two separate parts, located in the Sherabad and Termez districts of the Surkhandarya region. The reserve occupies 24,554 hectares and is located in the southwestern spurs of the Hissar ridge at an altitude of up to 3,157 meters above sea level. The Surkhan Reserve currently has more than 130 species of birds, as well as more than 25 species of mammals, 27 species of reptiles, and 2 species of amphibians and fish.

Kampyrtepa Fortress
Kampyrtepa is an ancient archaeological site on the territory of Uzbekistan, which is an ancient port city located on the banks of the Amu Darya River (formerly known as the Oxus). It was founded at the end of the 4th century BC and existed until the beginning of the 1st century AD. The main purpose of this settlement was to serve the crossing of the Burdaguy River, as well as to serve as a hotel and customs office. Kampyrtepa served as a transit point for traders traveling along the Silk Road, where they could rest, reload their goods, pray and continue their journey.
After decades of excavations and studying written sources, it was decided that the site of Kampyrtepa is the mysterious Alexandria Oxiana, a port city that Alexander the Great built on the Amu Darya. 

Topalang Reservoir

Uzbekistan is famous for the presence of two significant rivers - the Amudarya and the Syr Darya, which flow through its territory and flow into neighboring countries. The Hissar mountain ranges serve as a source for the Topalang River, which originates on the southern slope. It should be noted that the most abundant right tributary of the Surkhandarya has a length of 117 kilometers. The main source of water replenishment in the Topalang River is seasonal snow and glacial water. It is thanks to this that the river supplies water to the Denaus, Shurchin and Kumkurgan districts of the Surkhandarya region.

Hospital “Khojaipok”

Khojaipok Hospital specializes in the treatment of various diseases, including gynecological problems, cardiovascular disorders, general therapy and neurological disorders. To achieve a positive result, various methods are used, such as hydrotherapy (including mineral baths and circular showers), heat therapy, mud therapy, physiotherapy, electrotherapy and ozone therapy.
Upon completion of the procedures, visitors can visit the natural beauty, swim in the resort's pool, play tennis or engage in other outdoor activities in the sports club.

Sanatorium “Omonkhona”

The Omonkhona Balneological Sanatorium, located in the mountains near the city of Baysun, and the Khojaipok Hospital, located at the foot of Mount Kenagi, are the most famous health complexes in the Surkhandarya region.
The thermal water in the Omonkhona sanatorium has healing properties and is part of the health programs of the sanatorium. Using magnetic therapy, laser therapy, acupuncture, water procedures, massages, liver cirrhosis, hepatitis and other diseases are treated.

Hissar Mountains

The Hissar Mountains are a mountain range that stretches 200 kilometers from east to west across the Hissar region of Tajikistan. It is the western part of the Pamir-Alai system. The highest point in Uzbekistan, Khazret-Sultan, is 4643 meters, located on the border of Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. The ridge is a place of unique geological outcrops in Eurasia. The structure consists of sandstones and crystalline rocks interspersed with granite intrusions. In addition, all ecosystems and climates of the Pamir-Alai are represented here. At the highest places there are glaciers and rocky wastelands. A famous natural attraction of the Hissar Ridge, located in the southern part of the mountains, is the cave of Amir Temur. This natural formation, stretching for 860 meters, is considered the largest underground lake in Uzbekistan. It is important to note that the cave was inhabited back in the Greco-Bactrian period (IV-III centuries BC).

Archaeological Museum of Termez

To celebrate the 2500th anniversary of the city of Termez in 2002, the Termez Archaeological Museum was built and opened. Today it is the only archaeological museum in Central Asia, and many of its unique exhibits date back more than 100 thousand years BC. These include 624 museum relics of global significance, displayed using the latest information and communication technologies.

Karatepa Complex

Located in the northwestern part of old Termez, Karatepa is a place of worship associated with Buddhism. On the three hills of this place there are various temples and monasteries that were built in the 2nd century AD. The architecture of Karatepa is remarkable for its unique combination of caves carved into sandstone and buildings made of pakhsa and adobe.

Zurmala Stupa

Northeast of the ruins of the ancient settlement of Termez is Zurmala, a 12-meter-tall Buddhist stupa. It was built during the Kushan period, around the 1st and 2nd centuries AD, while Buddhism was spreading in Central Asia. The modern city of Termez is located 10 kilometers west of the ancient settlement of Termez. On its outskirts one can see the remains of entire complexes of ancient Buddhist buildings, which in the Middle Ages covered agricultural fields. Over time, the Buddhist stupa turned into a clay mound, which was difficult to recognize as a ritual structure.

Mausoleum of Al-Hakim At-Tirmizi

Al-Hakim At-Tirmizi is a sacred place of worship for Muslims and an architectural monument. The mausoleum is one of the holy places of the Surkhandarya regional center. The architectural monument is located approximately 60 kilometers from the current center, northwest of old Termez. Abu Abdulloh ibn Hassan ibn Bashir Al-Hakim At-Tirmizi is an outstanding Islamic figure, author of various philosophical and religious works and founder of the order of Dervishes. About 80 works were written by the eminent At-Tirmizi who received the name Al-Hakim, which means the wise one, due to his deep knowledge and broad vision.

Mausoleum of Ak-Astana-baba

In the village of Telpek-Chinar, Sariasi district, Surkhandarya region, there is the Mausoleum of Ak-Astana-baba. Scientists believe that the mausoleum was built on the grave of the companion of the Prophet Muhammad (SAW), Saint Abu Hurair. The mausoleum has four rooms called “Chorsi Khona,” in which bricks are laid in batches, and the north-eastern part of the complex can be accessed through the roof. At the entrance to the mausoleum, there are two complex signs, about half a meter in diameter. It is still not possible to correctly interpret the semantics of these signs.

Kirk Kiz Fortress
One of the most interesting ancient places is the Kirk Kiz Fortress. Although the fortress is almost completely destroyed at present, even the ruins allow us to see the former size of the structure and marvel at the skill of the ancient architects. The symmetry of Kirk Kiz makes it unique; each archway and corridor have a counterpart located on the opposite side.
Two passages cross the building crosswise and divide it into four equal parts. There are versions that it was a country aristocratic palace, a women's madrasah, a khanaka, or a caravanserai.

Dzharkurgan Minaret
The minaret is located 5 kilometers from the city of Jarkurgan and 40 kilometers from Termez, near the village of Minor. Thanks to the deciphered inscription on the building, it was established that this architectural monument dates back to the 12th century. The inscription states that construction took place from 1108 to 1109 AD, but some scholars believe the date reads differently and construction was completed in 1110.
This building is unique with its decorative elements. At that time, mosaics were often used to decorate minarets; in the case of this minaret, we see vertical decorative corrugations that were made using a specially baked brick masonry, which was cut in a herringbone pattern from top to bottom.

Dalverzintepe Settlement
Dalverzintepe, the main city of the powerful Kushan Empire, has so far been the subject of careful study by many historians and archaeologists. With its secrets and many valuable objects found, the site attracts attention. The largest treasure in history was found here; about 36 kilograms of gold were discovered in this place in 1972.
Archaeological excavations have revealed a lot of new things about the architecture, culture and fortifications of Northern Bactria. Finds such as sculptures, paintings and figurines show the high level of culture of the people of the Kushan Era. According to many researchers, Dalverzintepe is considered the most ancient Buddhist building.

Ensemble Sultan-Saodat
On the outskirts of the city of Termez in the center of the Surkhandarya region of Uzbekistan there is the architectural ensemble of Sultan-Saodat. The memorial complex consists of tombs of the Termez Seyyids, who were considered direct descendants of the Prophet Muhammad. The complex contains various memorial and religious buildings built from the 11th to the 17th centuries. All buildings have a common architectural concept despite the fact that they were built at different times.

Hanaka Kukildor-ota

Khanaka Kukildor-ota in Termez is a holy monastery that has become one of the most revered among Muslims. Khanaka Kukildor-ota was built in the mid-1100s. It stands out among other monasteries due to its unique architecture, history and significance in the Muslim world.
The building contains numerous tombstones, as well as the burial place of the Muslim Saint Kukildor-ota. This prominent religious figure was known for his great righteousness. The monastery was built in memory of him.
After the restoration of the Khanaka, Kukildor-ota acquired a unique appearance, which is characteristic of all architectural monuments of the Timurid era.

Fayaztepa Complex

Fayaztepa is located at a distance of 4 kilometers from modern Termez, Surkhandarya region. The monastery complex consists of 13 rooms and an inner courtyard with an ivan where a refectory was attached to the monastery on the left side. In some places of the complex there are cooking fires, as well as skulls with inscriptions in Bactrian and other ancient languages. Coins of Heliocles (the Greco-Bactrian king) and Kanishki (the ruler of the Kushan Empire) were also found there. According to archaeological excavations, monks used to live in the monastery, and they also provided housing for pilgrims.
In the IV century, Fayaztepa was captured by the Sassanid army (the dynasty of Persian rulers), due to which the complex stopped functioning. Previously, the complex was called Khaya-Vihara, which translates as "the monastery of horsemen". The current name of the complex was given in honor of the director of the Surkhandarya Museum of Local Lore R.F. Fayazov, who participated in the excavations of the Buddha complex.

Neighborhoods of Derbent

The Derbent mountain village is located on an important trade route along the Sherabad River, connecting the southern regions of modern Uzbekistan, Northern Afghanistan and Tajikistan with the central cities of Samarkand, Bukhara and Tashkent, which were known at the time as Shash. The land around Derbent looks heavily damaged — high rocks either form a majestic gate, or almost merge overhead, reminding us of the bloodshed here while defending the borders of different empires.
Also, travelers can expect places that surprise with their power, strength and pristine beauty. Here you will find gorges including the famous Iron Gate, which was besieged by Alexander the Great.

The Church of Alexander Nevsky
In 1901, a temple was erected in the city of Termez in honor of the Holy Prince Alexander Nevsky. Currently, the temple is in excellent condition. The sanctuary is impressive in its scale: the bell tower and iconostasis occupy a significant space. Inside the temple there is a room measuring 24 by 16 meters. In addition, the temple is rich in icons and church objects.

Kurganzol Fortress
The Kurganzol Fortress is an impregnable structure built in 328 BC by Alexander the Great, located on a cliff near Baysun at an altitude of 900 meters. Archaeological excavations of Kurganzol began in 2003 and revealed that it belongs to the Hellenistic era. The fortress dates back to the 4th century BC and is believed to have housed about fifty soldiers, with six towers protecting the entrance. Construction took a long time to complete, as nomadic tribes frequently attacked and destroyed parts of the building during those years.
Inside the fortress, parts of residential and utility rooms, a water pool with a drain to prevent overflow, and defensive structures were discovered. Built of mud bricks, the fortress has an outstanding appearance, with walls averaging more than 2.5 meters thick.

Uzundara Fortress
Uzundara, the oldest fortress dating back to the 3rd–4th centuries BC, is located in the foothills of Baysun. The fortress featured powerful defensive structures, including double walls reinforced with 13 towers, and outer walls stretching nearly 1 kilometer in length. The fortress walls, lined with clay bricks, have almost retained their original appearance and rise up to 5 meters high.
Among the main finds discovered during the expedition are unique coins from the Hellenistic period depicting Alexander the Great, Antiochus I (king of the Seleucid state), and all rulers of the Greco-Bactrian kingdom from Diodotus to Heliocles. The fortress existed for about 150 years before being destroyed by the nomadic tribes of the Saks and Yuejs during the reign of one of the last Greco-Bactrian kings between 171 and 166 BC

Meeting of the National council on combating corruption held
Meeting of the National council on combating corruption held

On March 5 President of the Republic of Uzbekistan attended a meeting of the National council on combating corruption. The meeting analysed the work carried out on creating corruption-free environment and defined further goals.

In his speech, the Head of State mentioned that corruption is a serious challenge in the course of reforms.

In this connection in the past years laws were adopted and a new system on combating this vice was created. Responsible committees were formed in the parliamentary chambers, a National council and Anti-Corruption Agency were established.

Particular attention is paid to creating conditions where the public can openly raise and discuss the problem of corruption. The role and influence of the media in this sphere are raising.

Primarily, measures are taken to combat the causes of corruption. For example, the abandonment of allocation of land plots by decisions of khokims and transition to the auction system made the allocation process more open. There have also been positive changes in this area since the introduction of the “Shaffof Kurilish” program.

The adoption of the law on public procurement, digitalization of the system of elections and tenders, as well as the establishment of healthy competition allowed saving 14 trillion soums of budget funds last year.

Today, all banks provide household loans up to 100 million soums online in 5 minutes without human involvement. As a result, thousands of bankers, who used to process such applications, now work directly in mahallas, offering projects and credit programs, thus contributing to the growth of the customer base.

In the pre-school and school education system, more than 10 types of services have been fully converted to electronic format, reducing the number of applications by 2.5 times.

The higher education system was also digitalized: a system for taking tests and selecting universities based on their results was introduced, and the automated receipt of 35 types of documents reduced the number of requests by 2.2 times.

Due to the use of body cameras by traffic safety inspectors, the sale of license plates through auctions, and the elimination of paper protocols, corruption factors have been significantly reduced.

Services to the population and entrepreneurs are organized on the basis of the principle of “the state serving the people”: the requirements to provide 120 types of documents, more than 160 licenses and permits have been abolished. This led to the emergence of almost 200 thousand new entrepreneurs in the market, and the number of enterprises with foreign participation increased almost 5 times, reaching 23 thousand.

The number of electronic public services increased 15 times, reaching 721, and the number of their users exceeded 11 million.

Most importantly, these measures have strengthened the faith of the population, entrepreneurs, foreign partners, international organizations and investors in the ongoing reforms. Over the past seven years, over $120 billion in investments have been attracted, and the country's economy has doubled, reaching $115 billion last year.

The President emphasized that the fight against corruption is an ongoing process and outlined the current issues and future tasks in this sphere.

It was noted that law enforcement agencies are mainly focused on detecting and punishing corrupt acts, while preventive measures aimed at eradicating corruption factors are neglected.

In this regard, it was decided to change the working methodology of the Anti-Corruption Agency. As an experiment, compliance control in five agencies - the Ministries of Health, Construction, Water Resources, Joint Stock Companies “Uzbekneftegaz” and “Uzsuvtaminot” will be transferred to the Agency.

In addition, an in-depth study of factors of domestic and systemic corruption will be conducted at the district level, which will be used to develop specific measures and submitted to the National Council.

It was noted that 75 percent of corruption crimes are committed in the form of domestic corruption in districts and mahallas, so the composition of the regional councils on combating corruption will be completely renewed. They will be headed by chairmen of regional councils of people's deputies.

The regional councils will propose to the National Council amendments to legislation aimed at eradicating corruption factors and ensuring inevitability of punishment.

Eight years ago, a system of sectors for the integrated development of territories was introduced. They contributed to solving socio-economic problems. In recent years, the potential of the regions has increased significantly.

In this regard, it was decided that prosecutors, heads of internal affairs and tax authorities would no longer be involved in sector activities. Additional tasks have been set to prevent and combat crime.

Special attention is paid to preventing corruption in public procurement. An Expert Commission will be established for this purpose. Based on best practices, an electronic platform will be developed to monitor that the prices of goods and services purchased through public procurement do not exceed the market average by more than 20 percent. Accountability measures and fines will be introduced for violation of this requirement.

Requirements for the procurement of fixed assets at the expense of the budget and extra-budgetary funds will also be tightened. Domestic transportation and furniture will be given priority in procurement by government agencies, and a requirement for evaluation against high anti-corruption standards will be introduced for major projects.

The fight against corruption begins with the selection of professional and dedicated employees for the civil service. In this regard, instructions have been given to improve procedures for hiring and evaluating candidates.

The need to adopt a law on the declaration of income of civil servants was noted, and a draft of this law will be submitted for public discussion.

The importance of instilling the ideas of honesty in educational institutions was emphasized in order to educate a new generation intolerant of corruption, as well as to support the initiatives of young people.

Addressing the public, the President said that the fight against corruption is a national task and a matter of conscience for every patriot of the country.

- If we all join forces, we will definitely achieve significant positive results. That is why mahalla activists, the older generation, intellectuals, writers and poets, art and culture workers, businessmen, well-known figures, leaders, deputies and senators - the entire public should become united and consider corruption as a “plague on the body of society”.

During the meeting, a dialogue was held with members of parliament, government representatives and the public.

For the first time, the event held in such a format demonstrated a strong political will to fight corruption.

The Head of State presented 55 concrete initiatives, which will include the development of 5 laws, 12 decrees and resolutions, as well as strengthening the role of Parliament, National and Regional Councils and civil society institutions in the fight against corruption.

The legal basis for the fight against corruption will be strengthened: the introduction of a new system of income declaration and a procedure for preventing illicit enrichment will reduce corruption factors. The activities of the Anti-Corruption Agency and internal control structures in organizations will be strengthened.

The responsibility of heads of ministries and agencies in preventing domestic corruption will be increased. A system of public evaluation of the quality of public services will be established, and strict measures will be taken against managers with the worst performance.

The independence of control inspections will be strengthened, and corruption prevention mechanisms will be introduced in major investment projects and auctions.

By streamlining the public procurement system and restricting direct procurement, budget savings will be achieved, and diversion of public funds will be curbed.

The freed resources will be mobilized to fight crime, which will lead to greater stability in society and increase the confidence of citizens. Strengthened prosecutorial oversight of illegal inspections will contribute to improving the business and investment climate in the regions.

The achieved results will improve the position of our country in international ratings, and by 2027 conditions will be created for Uzbekistan's candidacy for the UNCAC conference.

Most importantly, the legal consciousness of the population, especially young people, will be raised, and the society will form ownership of the fight against corruption.

INTERNATIONAL DAY OF PARLIAMENTARISM: SIGNIFICANCE, CHALLENGES, AND PROSPECTS IN THE GLOBAL DEMOCRATIC AGENDA
INTERNATIONAL DAY OF PARLIAMENTARISM: SIGNIFICANCE, CHALLENGES, AND PROSPECTS IN THE GLOBAL DEMOCRATIC AGENDA

Parliamentarianism in the Face of Global Challenges
 
Parliaments play a key role in the system of democratic governance, ensuring the representation of citizens' interests, exercising oversight of the executive branch, and carrying out legislative functions. In the context of increasing global polarization, declining trust in state institutions, and growing pressure on freedom of expression and parliamentary independence, the question of rethinking and strengthening the role of parliaments becomes particularly relevant.
In this context, the International Day of Parliamentarism, observed annually on June 30, takes on not only symbolic but also practical significance. It underscores the role of parliaments as key pillars of democratic transformations while simultaneously serving as a global platform for addressing current challenges, advancing institutional reforms, and developing innovative models of representation that align with the political and social realities of the 21st century.
Modern parliaments are expanding beyond internal regulatory institutions to become active participants in the global political and legal architecture, engaging in the resolution of transnational challenges such as climate change, digital transformation, migration crises, public health protection, and human rights safeguarding. In this context, parliamentary diplomacy, transparency, and inclusiveness are acquiring a new dimension.
As emphasized in official UN documents, "strong parliaments are the foundation of democracy," because they "reflect the will of the people, pass laws, and hold governments accountable." It is no coincidence that UN Secretary-General António Guterres, in his address on the International Day of Parliamentarism on June 30, 2018, noted that "Parliaments can be pillars of democracy, important defenders of human rights, and a link between local and global issues. Through legislative and budgetary decisions, they can contribute significantly to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals."
In April 2025, the capital of Uzbekistan hosted the 150th anniversary Assembly of the Inter-Parliamentary Union for the first time - an event of historic scale for Central Asia. The forum, held under the theme "Parliamentary Action for Social Development and Justice," gathered about 1,400 delegates from approximately 130 countries, including over 100 speakers and deputy speakers of national parliaments.
Opening the Assembly, President of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev emphasized the significance of the event and the scale of participation: "You are like a strong bridge connecting peoples with firm friendship. You are a powerful force capable of perceiving the concerns and problems of ordinary people, elevating them, if necessary, to the regional and international level, and finding effective solutions for them." The Head of State noted that participation in the Inter-Parliamentary Union reflects confidence in efforts towards democratic reforms and the expansion of parliamentary powers. He also expressed confidence in the role of parliaments as a key mechanism for peacemaking, social development, and justice.
 
The Establishment of International Parliamentarism Day
 
The date of the celebration - June 30 - is symbolic: it was on this day in 1889 that the Inter-Parliamentary Union was established, laying the foundation for organized international cooperation between legislative bodies and the formation of modern parliamentary diplomacy.
The establishment of the International Day of Parliamentarism dates back to UN General Assembly Resolution A/RES/72/278 of May 22, 2018, adopted at the initiative of the Inter-Parliamentary Union in connection with its 130th anniversary. Founded by two pacifists - British William Cremer and French Frédéric Passy - the Inter-Parliamentary Union was originally conceived as a platform for peaceful arbitration and dialogue. Over time, it has transformed into a unique global platform for parliamentary diplomacy and inclusivity. During the Cold War and in the post-colonial world, the Inter-Parliamentary Union maintained neutrality and became a rare space for dialogue between opposing blocs, and later - a link between parliaments and UN structures.
To date, the Inter-Parliamentary Union unites 181 national and 15 regional parliaments and serves as a central institution in parliamentary diplomacy, promoting gender equality, protecting human rights, and fostering sustainable development. According to the Secretary General of the Inter-Parliamentary Union Martin Chungong, "modern parliaments must develop significantly to meet the demands of today's world."
The proclamation of this day became a legal recognition of both the historical and contemporary role of parliaments as institutions of popular sovereignty, democracy, and parliamentary oversight. The Inter-Parliamentary Union played a key role in shaping parliamentary diplomacy practices, promoting inclusivity, equality, and transparency, and establishing the principles of the rule of law at the international level.
Resolution 72/278 not only immortalized this historic date but also gave it modern significance, emphasizing the central role of national legislative bodies in ensuring accountability, transparency, human rights protection, adherence to the principle of the rule of law, as well as in implementing the international obligations of states within the framework of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
From a historical and legal perspective, the establishment of the International Day of Parliamentarism should be viewed as an act of institutionalizing global recognition of parliamentarism's significance in the development of democracy and the rule of law. Furthermore, the resolution documented the contribution of parliaments to the implementation of national plans and strategies, as well as their responsibility for monitoring the execution of international agreements. This strengthens the legal status of parliaments within the national, regional, and global governance systems.
 
International Day of Parliamentarism: Key Objectives and Priorities
 
The International Day of Parliamentarism serves as an institutional mechanism for stimulating parliamentary development, a catalyst for institutional self-analysis, and a platform for transnational dialogue in the realm of lawmaking and parliamentary oversight. Its primary function is to mobilize national parliaments to critically examine their own activities, including assessing their effectiveness, as well as to actively engage in international initiatives aimed at promoting inclusivity and transparency within the context of universal democratic standards.
According to analytical reports by the Inter-Parliamentary Union and the UN, the main objectives and priorities promoted within the framework of the Day of Parliamentarism are:
First, strengthening the accountability and transparency of parliamentary activities, including the development of mechanisms for reporting to citizens;
Second, expanding the participation of women, youth, and vulnerable groups in parliamentary structures, both at the legislative and procedural levels;
Third, enhancing the effectiveness of parliamentary oversight, especially regarding the implementation of state programs and international obligations;
Fourth, improving legislative expertise, including through the involvement of the scientific and expert community;
Fifth, the digital transformation of parliamentary processes, encompassing both internal procedures (including electronic voting and document management) and forms of public interaction;
Sixth, institutionalizing the contribution of parliaments to the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, including monitoring the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
The significance of the International Day of Parliamentarism is particularly heightened in the context of global transformations in democratic governance and the growing demand for inclusivity, transparency, and social justice.
The themes and mottos of the annual global campaigns organized as part of the International Day of Parliamentarism consistently emphasize these identified priorities and reflect parliamentarism's ability to adapt to the multifaceted challenges of our time - climatic, political, technological, and demographic. Examples from recent years clearly illustrate this focus:
 
  • 2021 - "I say 'yes' to youth in parliament!";
  • 2022 - "Civic participation at the heart of parliamentary democracy";
  • 2023 - "Parliaments for the planet" (environmental sustainability);
  • 2024 - "Parliamentary diplomacy: building bridges for peace and mutual understanding."
In 2025, the central theme of the International Day of Parliamentarism became achieving gender equality under the motto: "Step by step towards gender equality," which demonstrates the priority of equal representation on the global parliamentary agenda. The campaign, initiated by the Inter-Parliamentary Union in partnership with UN Women, under the slogan "Achieving Gender Equality: Action by Action," is timed to coincide with the 30th anniversary of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action. The campaign emphasizes the need for immediate, consistent, and systematic steps, especially in the context of slowing progress and even regression in the field of gender representation in some countries. As emphasized in the campaign materials, "it's time to move from words to deeds. Every step matters."
The International Day of Parliamentarism is gaining significance not only as a symbolic but also as a normative tool designed to stimulate systemic reforms within national parliaments, as well as to strengthen international parliamentary cooperation based on the principles of equality, participation, and sustainable development.
 
Modern Parliamentarism: The Gender Dimension
 
Despite the progress achieved, structural inequality in political representation remains one of the most pressing challenges for modern parliamentarianism. According to data from the Inter-Parliamentary Union, as of early 2025, women make up less than one-third of the total number of deputies in national parliaments worldwide. This disproportion affects not only equality of access to power, but also the substantive agenda of legislative bodies, including issues of preventing gender-based violence, protecting reproductive health, ensuring equal employment opportunities, and social justice.
As emphasized in the UN Women report, "without equal representation of women in government bodies, it is impossible to ensure a fair and sustainable democracy." Gender equality, in this context, is viewed not only as a component of social justice but also as a structural foundation for inclusive, sustainable, and legitimate parliamentary institutions.
This issue gained particular significance during the 150th anniversary Assembly of the Inter-Parliamentary Union held in Tashkent, which officially launched the parliamentary campaign "Achieving Gender Equality: Action by Action." The program is based on three strategic priorities:
  • ensuring equal participation in decision-making at all levels of the parliamentary structure;
  • institutional transformation of parliaments into gender-sensitive bodies with equal conditions and support mechanisms;
  • systematic combating of gender-based violence and discrimination, including forms of political pressure and violence in the public sphere.
In this context, the words of the President of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev, spoken at the Tashkent session of the Inter-Parliamentary Union, are relevant: "Firmly securing women's rights is one of the key conditions for societal development. Analysis shows that if equal participation of women and men is ensured in all sectors of the economy, the global gross domestic product could increase by 26 percent."
This position received high praise from the international community. As the President of the Inter-Parliamentary Union, Tulia Ackson, emphasized: "We are witnessing an increase in the number of women in parliament, as well as active participation of youth in parliamentary work. We are proud that the speech of your country's President formed the basis of the Tashkent Declaration. In it, issues such as the Sustainable Development Goals, social justice, the role of women and youth in society, and gender equality have taken a special place."
For over four decades, the Inter-Parliamentary Union has been implementing comprehensive measures to expand women's rights and opportunities in politics. A central mechanism in this work has been the Forum of Women Parliamentarians, which played an important role in institutionalizing equal participation. Key achievements include the introduction of mandatory gender composition for parliamentary delegations, the inclusion of men in promoting equality as allies, and the application of sanction mechanisms, including restrictions for delegations that do not include women.
According to Martin Chungong, Secretary General of the Inter-Parliamentary Union: "Modern parliaments must develop significantly to meet the demands of today's world." He notes that thanks to a consistent policy of inclusivity, women's participation in the activities of the Inter-Parliamentary Union has increased from 11-12% to almost 38%.
In its activities, the Inter-Parliamentary Union also actively relies on the provisions of UN Security Council resolutions No. 1325 (2000) and No. 2250 (2015), which emphasize the importance of including women and youth in peace, security, and recovery processes. Gender-sensitive parliamentarism is viewed as a key to strengthening public trust, preventing violence, and restoring the social fabric in post-crisis societies.
Promoting gender equality within the parliamentary system serves as an integral element of democratic transformation and institutional stability. Increasing women's representation strengthens the legitimacy of power, promotes broader consideration of the interests of various social groups, and ensures a qualitatively more balanced legislative agenda.
 
International Day of Parliamentarism: A Catalyst for Sustainable Development and Global Dialogue
 
The International Day of Parliamentarism serves as a universal platform for summarizing achievements, parliamentary reporting, deepening international dialogue, and advancing global agenda priorities. This day symbolizes the recognition of parliaments' central role in democratic governance and sustainable development.
The Inter-Parliamentary Union, uniting 181 national parliaments and 15 parliamentary associations, actively uses this date as a tool for consolidating efforts in response to contemporary challenges. In the context of intensifying transformational processes, growing global instability, and declining trust in state institutions, parliaments are becoming key actors in ensuring institutional stability, inclusiveness, and accountability.
Every June 30th, the Inter-Parliamentary Union initiates a wide range of activities, including the publication of analytical reports on the state of democracy and parliamentarism, the collection and synthesis of best practices developed through inter-parliamentary cooperation, and discussions on pressing challenges - from climate threats and digital inequality to limited political participation and the crisis of trust.
Particular attention is paid to the inclusiveness of parliamentary systems. The Inter-Parliamentary Union regularly monitors the representation of women, youth, and marginalized groups in legislative bodies, emphasizing the importance of their participation as an indicator of democratic maturity. In this context, promoting legislative initiatives and institutional reforms aimed at ensuring equal access to decision-making, transparency, and accountability is becoming a priority.
The environmental agenda plays a significant role: parliaments are increasingly involved in implementing the Sustainable Development Goals and international climate commitments, including the Paris Agreement. Legislative support for climate strategies is seen as a necessary condition for a fair and inclusive green transition.
The International Day of Parliamentarism also serves as a platform for developing parliamentary diplomacy. In the context of conflicts, geopolitical turbulence, and democratic transitions, the Inter-Parliamentary Union acts as a mediator and coordinator, facilitating dialogue, exchange of experience, and strengthening trust between parliaments of various regions. This contributes not only to the advancement of democracy but also to the reinforcement of global stability.
In this context, the Inter-Parliamentary Union performs not only a coordinating function, but also normative-analytical, expert, and methodological roles, shaping a comprehensive strategy for parliamentary development. The International Day of Parliamentarism is becoming an effective mechanism for strengthening the role of parliaments in the global governance architecture, as well as an impetus for reassessing their responsibility in promoting democratic values and fulfilling international commitments.
 
International Day of Parliamentarism: A Platform for Mobilizing National Initiatives
 
The International Day of Parliamentarism is increasingly being utilized by the Inter-Parliamentary Union as a strategic platform for promoting parliamentary development priorities and consolidating the efforts of national legislative bodies to achieve global goals.
Thanks to the coordinating role of the Inter-Parliamentary Union and the active support of its partners, parliaments of more than 100 countries annually organize events dedicated to June 30. These initiatives contribute to transforming the date into a sustainable element of political and institutional culture.
In several countries, the International Day of Parliamentarism is becoming a starting point for a wide range of programs aimed at strengthening the connection between parliaments and civil society. These include public hearings and open parliamentary sessions organized to engage the population in discussing current agendas; expert round tables and seminars focused on the challenges of modern parliamentarism; and educational events for youth, including parliamentary simulations, excursions, lectures, and interactive platforms.
Special attention is paid to environmental and digital components. In recent years, initiatives to plant trees and other actions within the framework of parliamentary climate responsibility have become increasingly widespread. Simultaneously, the practice of so-called "parliamentary hackathons" - interactive sessions involving IT communities, students, and digital technology specialists - is developing. These events contribute to the introduction of technological innovations in legislative activities, the expansion of feedback channels, and the digital transformation of parliaments.
Innovative formats are developing particularly dynamically in Asian, African, and Latin American countries. Parliamentary hackathons are typically implemented in partnership with youth parliaments, universities, and technology clusters. This contributes not only to expanding citizen participation but also to institutionalizing digital approaches in lawmaking and parliamentary monitoring processes.
Thus, the International Day of Parliamentarism goes beyond being a symbolic date, becoming an effective tool for institutional renewal. It helps strengthen trust in representative bodies, increase political inclusiveness, and introduce innovative governance approaches. In the long term, such practices form sustainable models of democratic interaction based on the principles of participation, transparency, and accountability.
 
Parliamentary transformation as a vector of sustainability
 
In the context of increasing political polarization, digital transformation, and global challenges - from climate-related to socio-economic ones - the significance of parliaments as democratic institutions continues to grow. In this context, the International Day of Parliamentarism gains potential not only as a symbolic but also as a strategic platform for parliamentary renewal and international cooperation.
To enhance this day's role on the global agenda and integrate it into national practices, it seems appropriate to develop the following areas:
Firstly, the institutionalization of the International Day of Parliamentarism at the national level. This includes its official incorporation into political events calendars, the development of parliamentary plans for its implementation, regular public reporting on parliamentary activities, and the allocation of targeted budget funds for relevant events. This practice contributes to transforming the date into an integral part of parliamentary culture and a mechanism of democratic accountability.
Secondly, the development of citizen participation in parliamentary processes. This can be implemented through advisory councils under parliaments, digital feedback platforms, youth parliamentary simulations, educational campaigns, and other forms of public dialogue. Activating citizens' participation in shaping the legislative agenda helps increase the legitimacy of decisions made and strengthen trust in parliamentary institutions.
Thirdly, promoting regional and global inter-parliamentary initiatives. Of particular importance are holding joint assemblies, creating thematic working groups, exchanging best legislative practices, and coordinating supranational standards of parliamentary activity. This allows for the development of coordinated approaches to addressing transnational challenges and strengthens the role of parliaments in the global governance architecture.
Fourthly, the development of the analytical and methodological foundation of parliamentary activity. It is important to promote the development of unified indicators for assessing the effectiveness, transparency, inclusivity, and accountability of parliaments. Conducting comparative studies, participating in monitoring missions, and systematizing best practices enable scientifically grounded support for parliamentary modernization processes.
Finally, special attention should be paid to the issues of independence and security of parliamentarians as an integral condition for the implementation of parliamentary oversight and legislative activity. Strengthening legal, institutional, and procedural guarantees aimed at protecting deputies from political pressure, threats, and violence should be seen as a crucial element in ensuring the rule of law, political pluralism, and the stability of democratic institutions.
Thus, a comprehensive reassessment of the role and functions of parliaments in the context of global transformation requires a systematic approach that combines institutional strengthening, digital renewal, inter-parliamentary solidarity, and guarantees of democratic independence.
 
The Parliamentary Future: From Symbol to Action
 
The International Day of Parliamentarism is not merely a commemorative date, but a significant occasion for rethinking the role of parliaments in the architecture of modern democratic society. This event acts as a catalyst for promoting the principles of inclusivity, transparency, and accountability, which strengthens citizens' trust in parliaments and enhances their ability to adapt to a rapidly changing world.
As the Secretary General of the Inter-Parliamentary Union, Martin Chungong, emphasizes, the Union's task is to "positively influence at least one person a day," and the path to this is "unwavering commitment to dialogue, inclusion, and responsibility."
In the face of global challenges - from digital inequality to political fragmentation - parliaments remain key institutions capable of ensuring sustainable, legitimate, and just development. Their ability to respond to the challenges of the 21st century is determined not only by legal mandates but also by their deep connection with society, openness to reforms, and readiness for self-assessment.
In 2025, the key focuses of the Day of Parliamentarism are particularly relevant. Despite international efforts and progress, gender equality in politics remains an unattainable goal for most countries. The "Step by Step to Achieve Gender Equality" campaign emphasizes: this is not an abstract formula, but a practical strategy that requires consistent legislative, institutional, and cultural changes.
Only by ensuring equal participation of all citizens - regardless of gender, age, ethnicity, or social status - can parliaments truly become democratic and viable institutions. Their ability to reflect the multifaceted nature of society, respond to crises, and develop sustainable solutions will become the main criterion for successful parliamentarism in the 21st century.
 
Academician, Prof. A. Saidov,
Vice-President of the Inter-Parliamentary Union (2020-2023),
Member of the Legislative Chamber
of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan

The President of Uzbekistan held a meeting with the Secretary-General of UN Tourism
The President of Uzbekistan held a meeting with the Secretary-General of UN Tourism

President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev met with Secretary-General of UN Tourism (World Tourism Organization) Zurab Pololikashvili, who is in our country on a working visit, in Samarkand on June 15.

The sides discussed issues related to further expansion of Uzbekistan's multifaceted cooperation with this specialized UN institution.

The course of implementation of agreements reached and initiatives put forward at the 25th session of the organization's General Assembly, which was held in Samarkand in October 2023, has been reviewed. The UN General Assembly's adoption of the resolution initiated by Uzbekistan on declaring 2027 the International Year of Sustainable and Resilient Tourism was highly appreciated.

It was noted with deep satisfaction that the organization is a strategic partner of Uzbekistan in the development of modern tourist infrastructure and popularization of tourist destination to our country.

It was noted the importance of continuing joint efforts to implement programs and projects aimed at creating comfortable conditions and facilities for tourists, development of pilgrimage and cultural and cognitive tourism, including domestic tourism.

Special attention was paid to the issues of training qualified personnel in the field of hospitality and service with the effective use of opportunities of the International Academy of Tourism operating in Samarkand.

In order to popularize the tourist destination in Uzbekistan, practical interaction will be expanded in the issues of supporting the participation of domestic tour operators in major international tourism fairs and exhibitions.

UZBEKISTAN – A HOMELAND OF TOLERANCE AND SOLIDARITY
UZBEKISTAN – A HOMELAND OF TOLERANCE AND SOLIDARITY

If the greatest gift given to human is life, then, without a doubt, the highest goal that humanity has always strived for is peace and harmony. That is why we always wish each other peace and tranquility, health and well-being.

Uzbekistan has always been a place of tolerance, harmony and friendship. Representatives of different nationalities and peoples living on the same land, drinking water from the same river, sharing happiness and sorrow together, have coexisted side by side for centuries. No wonder that such expressions as “Tolerant Uzbekistan!” and “Generous Uzbek people” have appeared.

In a multinational and multi-confessional state, interethnic consent and interfaith harmony are important factors that create a solid foundation for stability and development, determining its prospects.

One of the main factors why our country is rapidly developing today, fruitfulness of reforms and steady growth of the people’s well-being is that representatives of more than 130 nationalities and peoples, 16 religious confessions live together in our country as a single people of Uzbekistan.

The fundamental basis of reforms in this direction is that our Constitution stipulates that the Republic of Uzbekistan ensures a respectful attitude towards languages, customs and traditions of the nationalities and peoples living on its territory, and creates conditions for their development.

Today, education in schools is conducted in 7 languages, creating conditions for pupils of different nationalities to receive education in their native language. National television and radio channels broadcast in 12 languages, and newspapers and magazines are published in 14 languages, creating equal conditions for everyone to receive information in their native language.

Representatives of different nationalities and peolpes living in our country, as the single people of Uzbekistan, contribute to the development of our country with their active and selfless work, nowadays about 5 thousand representatives of 35 nationalities work in the state civil service.

In particular, 12.7 percent of our deputies in the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis, which are considered the country’s political institutions, and 11.2 percent in local Kengashes, are representatives of different nationalities and peoples. There is no limit to such achievements, we observe that interethnic harmony and solidarity are reflected in every aspect of society.

The President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev considers the ethnic diversity that has existed on the land of our country since ancient times as a unique social phenomenon and pays special attention to the preservation and further strengthening of harmony between nationalities, peoples and confessions. As a result of the wise policy of the head of our state, based on the principles of prudence, humanism and justice, national unity is growing stronger in our country, and our precious and beloved Motherland is becoming a place of peace, friendship and mutual respect, where human dignity and happiness reign.

As the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev emphasized in his speech at a meeting with deputies of the chambers of the Oliy Majlis, representatives of political parties and the public on May 8, 2023: “Our main wealth is our great multinational people, who consider Uzbekistan their only Motherland. The highest duty of each of us is to carefully preserve, like the apple of our eye, the priceless treasure — interethnic friendship and harmony that have taken hold in our beloved country”.

Indeed, in New Uzbekistan, interethnic and interfaith harmony, and mutual understanding based on loyalty to the spiritual heritage of ancestors, educating the younger generation in the spirit of tolerance, respect for national and universal values and patriotism, have become one of the most important priorities of state policy.

Large-scale reforms implemented in all spheres of public life at the initiative of the head of state also marked new milestones and initiatives in the field of interethnic and interfaith relations.

In this sense, the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On measures to bring to a new stage the strengthening of national harmony and relations with compatriots abroad”, adopted on March, 2025, and the Resolution “On measures to effectively organize the activities of the Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Interethnic Relations and Compatriots Abroad” bring work in this direction to a qualitatively new level.

In accordance with these documents, the Committee on Interethnic Relations and Compatriots Abroad of the Republic of Uzbekistan was created on the basis of the Committee on Interethnic Relations and Friendly Cooperation with Foreign Countries under the Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

The main tasks of the Committee were defined as the harmonization of interethnic relations, strengthening friendship, harmony, tolerance and unity in society, the formation of a single civil identity, strengthening the involvement of all nationalities and ethnic groups in national development, promoting the preservation of the national identity of compatriots abroad and mobilizing their social and economic potential for the development of our homeland, as well as promoting the prevention and identification of factors that negatively affect interethnic harmony.

Also, the fact that it is planned to develop draft concepts of state policy in the field of ensuring national unity and strengthening relations with compatriots abroad indicates that work in this direction will be consistently continued.

First of all, as an important element in ensuring national unity, special attention is paid to preservation of culture, language, customs, values and traditions of all nationalities and peoples living in Uzbekistan, and transmission to the younger generation

As is known, the role of national cultural centers is very important in the systematic implementation of work in this direction. Today, there are 157 national cultural centers in our country. Their activities are constantly supported by the state. Based on the President’s initiatives, starting in 2021, state subsidies will be allocated for the operation of these centers and their implementation of activities aimed at popularizing culture, language, customs, values and traditions.

For national cultural centers operating in the regions, premises have been allocated in the “Houses of Friendship”, where they use these places absolutely free of charge. Also, in the building of the Committee on Interethnic Relations, located in the center of Tashkent, all conditions have been created for the work of 27 national cultural centers of the republican and city level.

In particular, the construction in July of this year next to the building of the Committee on Interethnic Relations of the Pavilion of National Cultural Centers is a unique symbol of national harmony, where national houses of 22 nationalities were built, became a great gift from the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan to national cultural centers. This pavilion can safely be called a place of national harmony.

The grand opening of the pavilion of national cultural centers took place as part of the Friendship Festival, which was held throughout our country from July 25 to 31 this year, in honor of Peoples’ Friendship Day, celebrated on July 30.

The event was attended by members of the Senate of the Oliy Majlis and deputies of the Legislative Chamber, representatives of ministries and departments, the public, and the media, guests from Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and China, as well as heads and employees of diplomatic missions of 30 states and international organizations in Uzbekistan.

The participants of the event assessed the construction of this pavilion as a unique event, emphasizing that it opens up another wonderful opportunity for the nationalities and peoples living in Uzbekistan to preserve and develop their culture, customs and traditions, fully reflects the large-scale reforms carried out in our country in the sphere of interethnic harmony and national unity, and serves as a platform for mutual cultural exchange.

Akiko Fujii, UNDP Resident Representative in Uzbekistan, who took part in the event, noted that she highly appreciates the respect and attention to various nationalities and peoples in Uzbekistan, and she considers the opening of the pavilion of national cultural centers to be truly attention to the person, and a progressive idea.

Thanks to the strong political will of our President, special attention is paid to close cooperation with compatriots living abroad. One of such projects is the Uz Global Think forum. This project is being implemented in the form of an ongoing dialogue between compatriots living abroad — representatives of expert and scientific circles — with the aim of creating business platforms, exchanging opinions on issues such as the socio-economic development of society, environmental sustainability and quality education.

A platform is also being created for the exchange of opinions among compatriots abroad about individuals in academic circles, their life path, successes and recommendations that will serve the development of New Uzbekistan.

In addition, in order to further increase the contribution of compatriots abroad to the economic power of the New Uzbekistan, following the example of the UNDP program “Knowledge Transfer through Compatriots Abroad”, work is underway to transfer human capital, which will contribute to ensuring innovative socio-economic development and environmental sustainability.

The “Graduates from Uzbekistan” program is being developed, which will unite and support compatriots who graduated from foreign educational institutions, and live and work in foreign countries.

All these tasks serve the further development of Uzbekistan with the participation of compatriots abroad.

One of the most important human freedoms is undoubtedly freedom of conscience. The adoption in 2021 of a new version of the Law “On Freedom of Conscience and Religious Organizations” was another important step towards institutional strengthening of freedom of conscience in our country. This law further strengthened the principles of tolerance and created a solid legal basis for the activities of all faiths.

Today, 2,361 religious organizations belonging to 16 confessions operate freely in Uzbekistan. Of these, 2,164 are Islamic, 197 are non-Islamic: 180 Christian, 8 Jewish, 7 Baha’i, as well as a Buddhist temple, a Krishna center, and an interfaith Bible society. In 2017–2024 there were registered 108 new religious organizations. New mosques, Christian churches and temples were built, and existing ones were renovated. This is a practical confirmation of respect for all faiths.

At the same time, we have every reason to say that the adoption of the Law “On the Concept of Ensuring Freedom of Conscience of Citizens and State Policy in the Religious Sphere in the Republic of Uzbekistan” on February 25 of this year has become the most important event in the life of society.

The concept will serve the multinational and multi-confessional people of Uzbekistan to realize the interests of society as a whole, to ensure its harmonious coexistence based on equality, social justice and unity.

This year, on September 10-13 the II International Forum “Dialogue of Declarations” was held in Tashkent and Samarkand.

In May 2022 the first forum “Dialogue of Declarations” was held in Tashkent, Samarkand and Bukhara over five days. Leading scientists from a number of foreign countries, as well as representatives of local authorities and religious organizations took part in the forum. The Bukhara Declaration adopted following that conference was subsequently recognized as an official document at the 76th session of the UN General Assembly. This confirms the importance of the Uzbek model for the formation of a tolerant society consisting of people of different nationalities, religions and beliefs.

The regular holding of the forum “Dialogue of Declarations”, the participation of influential foreign and international participants in it testifies to the high recognition in the world of Uzbekistan’s policy aimed at ensuring freedom of religion and interfaith harmony. In addition, the II Forum confirms Uzbekistan’s commitment to the principle of openness, development of an atmosphere of religious magnanimity and tolerance, in order to bring interfaith dialogue to a higher level of values. We are also convinced that this conference will serve as a unique platform for the exchange of best practices in ensuring peaceful coexistence of peoples and representatives of different faiths.

I would like to conclude the article with the following words from the festive greetings of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev on the occasion of July 30 – Peoples’ Friendship Day:

“In the current extremely dangerous situation, when various conflicts on national and religious grounds continue in different regions of the world, we will continue to work to further strengthen our greatest wealth — peace and stability, an atmosphere of mutual respect and harmony in our country — based on the idea of a united Uzbekistan, educating young people as holders of national and universal values, knowledge, professions, deepening the principles of inclusiveness.

We are mobilizing all our forces and capabilities for the reliable protection of the rights and interests of representatives of all nationalities and faiths who are proud to be citizens of Uzbekistan, as well as our compatriots abroad, everywhere, in accordance with the requirements of our Constitution and laws”.

 

                                               Kakhramon SARIEV,

                                               Chairman of the Committee

                                               on Interethnic Relations and Compatriots Abroad

                                               of the Republic of Uzbekistan

Members of the Uzbekistan national chess team
Members of the Uzbekistan national chess team

Dear our sons and daughters!


I cordially congratulate you on your worthy participation in the 45th World Chess Olympiad held in Budapest, the capital of Hungary. You have opened another bright page in the history of Uzbek chess, taking the honorable third place among representatives of about 200 countries.

In very sharp and uncompromising chess duels, you, having demonstrated high intellectual potential, unwavering will and steadfastness, outperformed the teams of such countries as China, Serbia, Armenia, Germany, Azerbaijan, Slovenia, Spain, which is truly admirable.

By your example, we have seen that the youth of New Uzbekistan is capable of achieving truly high standards in competitions of mind and thinking, and this has filled our hearts with a sense of joy and pride.

The results achieved by Nodirbek Abdusattorov, Zhavohir Sindorov, Shamsiddin Vokhidov, Nodirbek Yokubboyev and Zhakhongir Vokhidov, who displayed outstanding intellectual abilities, are very valuable and dear to us.

It should be especially noted that Shamsiddin Vokhidov, having won a gold medal and Nodirbek Abdusattorov a silver medal in the board section, proved again what true masters of chess game they are.

Along with courageous and brave young men, our purposeful chess players such as Afruza Hamdamova, Nilufar Yokubboeva, Umida Omonova, Marjona Malikova, Nodira Nodirjonova, who directed all their strength and energy, skill and professionalism to worthily defend the honor of the Motherland, also took part in the competition.

It is undoubtedly noteworthy that they improved their results from the last Olympiad, taking the 12th place among the
170 countries. It is gratifying that our chess player Nodira Nodirjonova won the 2nd place in the board section and was awarded a silver medal. I sincerely congratulate them all, wish them to reach even higher milestones and take prizes at future competitions.

Undoubtedly, the tremendous success of our chess players is a practical result of the enormous attention paid to the youth in New Uzbekistan, the ongoing large-scale reforms to develop sports, including the most intellectual one - chess.

Undoubtedly, such bright achievements further unite our people on the way to noble goals, serve as a source of inspiration for thousands of young men and women.

Taking this opportunity, on behalf of all our people and on my own behalf I express my sincere gratitude to you, my dear ones, to your experienced mentors and coaches who made a great contribution to your success, to all members of the national team, to your parents who supported you and to all chess fans.

May you have good luck in conquering the highest peaks at the next World Chess Olympiad, which will be hosted by our native Uzbekistan for the first time in 2026!

I wish you all health, happiness and well-being, great success in your studies and subsequent activities. May your path to victory be steadfast, my dear ones!



Shavkat Mirziyoyev,
President of the Republic of Uzbekistan

Uzbekistan – the land that glorifies peace, tranquility, and stability
Uzbekistan – the land that glorifies peace, tranquility, and stability

At present, Uzbekistan is entering an entirely new stage of development, which is vividly demonstrated by the comprehensive reforms being carried out in all spheres. Profound transformations in domestic and foreign policy, socio-economic life, cultural and spiritual-educational fields are reflected in the lifestyle of our people.

At the initiative of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev, and based on the unity of the people, the “Uzbekistan – 2030” Strategy was adopted, serving as a solid legal and practical foundation for national renewal. The reforms implemented under this program create conditions for improving the well-being of citizens and ensuring the sustainable development of the state and society.

In recent years, special attention has been paid in our country to strengthening the atmosphere of mutual respect, solidarity and cooperation among various religious confessions, supporting intercultural dialogue, and ensuring peace and harmony, which has been widely recognized by the international community.

It is noteworthy that on 19 September 2017, at the 72nd session of the UN General Assembly in New York, the President of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev put forward an initiative which found its practical embodiment in the adoption, at the following session of the UN General Assembly in 2018, of a special resolution entitled “Enlightenment and Religious Tolerance”. The draft prepared by Uzbekistan was unanimously approved by all UN member states.

This resolution gained particular significance as it placed education and enlightenment at the forefront as an effective means of countering global threats – extremism and terrorism – especially at a time of growing intolerance and uncompromising attitudes towards representatives of different religions and beliefs.

As a logical continuation of this work, in 2022 the international forum “Dialogue of Declarations” was held with the aim of implementing the principles and provisions of the resolution “Enlightenment and Religious Tolerance”, as well as achieving the goals of the National Human Rights Strategy of the Republic of Uzbekistan, approved in 2020.

The main outcome of this meeting was the adoption of the “Bukhara Declaration,” which supplemented earlier declarations adopted in Marrakesh, Mecca, Jakarta, Potomac and Punta del Este. This document became an important contribution of Uzbekistan to strengthening the ideas of religious tolerance and interethnic harmony at the international level.

 

It is important that this dialogue has become a regular tradition: on 10–13 September of this year, the second international forum “Dialogue of Declarations” is scheduled to take place in Tashkent and Samarkand.

This forum represents an integral part of the international community’s efforts to ensure freedom of religion and to strengthen interfaith dialogue, as well as a demonstration of Uzbekistan’s readiness to actively promote at the global level its firm adherence to international obligations in the field of human rights and freedoms.

It should be emphasized that while in many parts of the world fundamental rights – to life, education, work, self-realization, and freedom of religion – are being violated, in Uzbekistan representatives of more than 130 nationalities and 16 confessions live peacefully on the basis of tolerance. The ability of people of different faiths to freely and safely perform their religious rites is a key factor of social stability.

Currently, there are 2,373 registered religious organizations in Uzbekistan, of which 2,174 are Islamic and 199 are non-Islamic. Over the past eight years, 130 religious organizations have been registered, including 3 higher and 1 secondary special Islamic educational institutions, 105 mosques and 25 non-Islamic organizations of various confessions.

The legal foundation for these transformations is the Concept of State Policy on Ensuring Freedom of Conscience of Citizens and in the Religious Sphere, adopted by the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. 1037 of 25 February 2025.

The Concept affirms the right to freedom of conscience and the constitutional principle of the secular nature of the state, and defines the goals, objectives, principles and priority directions of state policy in the religious sphere. It was developed on the basis of the rich national-historical experience of statehood and universal values, and is aimed at ensuring a stable environment for the progressive development of Uzbekistan’s multiethnic and multi-confessional society on the basis of democracy, secularism, freedom, equality, social justice and solidarity.

Within a short period, major scientific and educational institutions were established, such as the Center of Islamic Civilization in Uzbekistan, international research centers named after Imam Bukhari, Imam Maturidi, Imam Termizi, Bahauddin Naqshband, the International Islamic Academy of Uzbekistan, the School of Hadith Studies in Samarkand, and the Mir Arab Higher Madrasa in Bukhara.

These institutions contribute significantly to ensuring a healthy spiritual environment in society, educating the younger generation as modern-minded individuals worthy of their great ancestors, in line with the noble universal idea “Enlightenment against Ignorance”.

 

If in 2017 the country had only 3 higher (1 Islamic and 2 non-Islamic) and 9 secondary special religious educational institutions, today their number has reached 16, of which 6 are higher institutions.

To further develop this sphere and elevate it to a new stage, a Presidential Decree “On measures to further strengthen guarantees of the right of citizens to freedom of conscience and to bring reforms in the spiritual-educational sphere to a new level” was signed. This document was positively received not only by representatives of the religious-educational sphere, but also by the wider public.

It is also worth noting that in recent years anniversaries and events of non-Islamic confessions have been held at a high level, alongside Islamic ones. These include the 145th (2017) and 150th (2021) anniversaries of the Russian Orthodox Church Diocese of Tashkent and Uzbekistan, the 120th anniversary of the Armenian Apostolic Church (2023), the 25th (2018) and 30th (2023) anniversaries of the Bible Society of Uzbekistan, the 200th anniversary of the birth of Baha’u’llah (2017), the 200th anniversary of the birth of the Bab (2019), and the 100th anniversary of the passing of ‘Abdu’l-Baha (2022). These events are vivid examples of peace and tolerance in our country.

At the same time, special attention has been paid to enabling believers of various religions to make pilgrimages abroad. In particular, nearly 500,000 citizens have performed Hajj and Umrah, and more than 10,000 people have visited holy sites in Israel, Russia, Georgia, Turkey and other countries.

In conclusion, it should be noted that for thousands of years Uzbekistan has been an integral part of the Great Silk Road, making a worthy contribution to the development of world civilization. Trade, science and cultural centers here have always flourished, while tolerance, hospitality and respect for representatives of different cultures have been key factors of progress.

Today, the traditions and customs of different peoples in Uzbekistan continue to develop in harmony. The consistent policy in the spiritual-educational sphere pursued under the leadership of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev serves as an important foundation not only for ensuring peace, stability and harmony in our country, but also for their promotion globally.

The broad participation of representatives from different countries in the upcoming second international forum “Dialogue of Declarations” is clear evidence of the high international recognition of Uzbekistan’s state policy in ensuring freedom of religion and interfaith harmony.

 

Davronbek Maksudov,

First Deputy Chairman

of the Committee on Religious Affairs

of the Republic of Uzbekistan