Since 2017, President Shavkat Mirziyoyev’s administration has pursued a sweeping reform agenda, liberalizing the economy while strengthening social welfare. These reforms are enshrined in new policies and the 2023 Constitution, which explicitly defines Uzbekistan as a “social state” responsible for ensuring employment and reducing poverty. The government’s national strategy (“Uzbekistan–2030”) even set a target of halving poverty by 2026. In short, Uzbekistan’s policy framework has shifted toward the combined goals of economic growth and inclusive social protection.

By 2023 the new National Agency for Social Protection (NASP) and community “Inson” service centres were delivering aid to roughly 2.3 million needy families – about a four-fold increase from 2017. Pensions and basic benefits were also raised: for instance, pension and disability payments in real terms are now about 1.5 times higher than before the reforms.

Community service is delivered through Inson centers, one-stop offices in each locality that help citizens apply for benefits and services. These “Inson” centres provide personal assistance with applications and information, reflecting a shift to integrated, client-oriented support. Relatedly, a new registry of persons requiring care has been established (by 2023 it contained ~17,800 profiles) to manage support for the disabled and elderly; each case is reviewed quarterly so that aid can be adjusted as needed. Together, these digital tools and organizational changes – one-stop “Inson” centers, a unified registry, targeted lists and case management – represent a modern social protection architecture far beyond Uzbekistan’s previous fragmented system.

International partners have closely supported and evaluated these reforms. The World Bank has played a leading role: it delivered roughly $2.1 billion through policy-based loans (2018–2021) to finance structural reforms in jobs, governance and social policy. In mid-2024 the Bank approved an additional $100 million “INSON” project to improve social care for vulnerable groups. This project will establish more than 50 community-based social service centres and expand services to some 50,000 people (including older persons, disabled, and children).

Within the framework of the “From Poverty to Prosperity” program, launched on 1 November 2024, families receive support across seven key dimensions:

• Ensuring stable employment and achieving higher income levels;
• Access to education and vocational training;
• Access to guaranteed state healthcare services;
• Access to social services;
• Improvement of housing conditions;
• Development of mahalla (community) infrastructure by the state;
• Direct engagement and dialogue with public sector representatives.

More than 600,000 families have gained access to 1.3 million social services aimed at employment and income growth. Members of these families have also benefited from over 2.2 million guaranteed healthcare services, directly contributing to their sustainable participation in the labor market.

Expanding Social Care Provision

For individuals requiring continuous care, a new model of service provision through private providers has been introduced. These services include household assistance, home- and field-based care, medical and social rehabilitation, and personal assistant support. Currently, 13,800 individuals — representing 76% of all those in need of care — receive such services from the private sector.

According to the Presidential Decree of the Republic of Uzbekistan, by 2030 the number of recipients of social services is expected to reach at least 3 million citizens annually, while the share of services provided by the non-state sector will rise to 30%. This approach fully aligns with the principles of the social and solidarity economy.

The programs implemented by the National Agency for Social Protection are characterized as accessible, effective, and oriented toward sustainable economic development.

1. Accessibility

As part of the “From Poverty to Prosperity” program, a National Registry of Poor Families has been established. The identification of households and decisions regarding their inclusion are made directly at the community (mahalla) level. As of today, 667,000 families, comprising approximately 2.8 million individuals, have been registered. This provides a comprehensive understanding of their living conditions and the opportunities for poverty reduction.

2. Effectiveness

In the first nine months of the current year, the average per capita income among registered families has nearly doubled, rising from 174,000 soums (~USD 14) to 338,000 soums (~USD 27) per month. Furthermore, 73,000 families that previously had no income now earn official wages. During the same period, 150,000 families have successfully escaped poverty, with 105,000 (70%) doing so primarily due to increased formal employment income.

3. Sustainability

To ensure targeted support, families are categorized into three groups:

• Red – households with persons with disabilities requiring care, as well as families without a breadwinner or headed by a single parent;
• Yellow – families with employable members but lacking stable income and professional skills;
• Green – families that have exited poverty but remain at risk of falling back.

This classification enables the application of differentiated measures: “red” families receive priority care and social support; “yellow” families are targeted with employment and training programs; and “green” families benefit from measures aimed at preventing a return to poverty.

Within this framework, the development of a “care economy” has emerged as a key priority. The Agency has introduced daycare services for children with disabilities and the “Step into an Active Life” program for older persons. These initiatives enable family members to participate in the labor market, thereby activating previously unpaid caregivers.

Investing in Human Capital

Particular attention is given to children from low-income families. The state subsidizes up to 90% of the costs associated with their education and development. In 2025, 125,000 children from poor households gained preferential access to preschools, demonstrating how social protection systems can make an indirect yet significant contribution to poverty reduction.

In conclusion, the programs implemented by the National Agency for Social Protection go far beyond material support. They create enabling conditions for income generation, employment, and human capital development, thereby contributing directly to the sustainable economic growth of the country.

Olima Almatova Qorabekovna, a resident of “Ezgulik” makhalla, Buka district, Tashkent region, who received support from the Agency, said:

“My spouse worked at the mining combine for forty years, but after he became ill, he could no longer continue. For his sake, I took on whatever jobs people offered me. When the doctors suggested placing stents in his heart arteries, I refused, saying: ‘Whatever help you can give, give it to my family. I’ve lived my life, I am already sixty-seven. I’ve seen so much — whatever comes, I will accept it. I don’t need stents. I only ask that you give a little help to my family.’

When support arrived under the President’s decision, I cannot express how happy I was. I said: ‘Oh God, there really is someone who came to open my door.’ They came and extended a helping hand. We planted cucumbers and tomatoes, and soon money began to come in. We have already earned income three times. So much support has reached us, and we are deeply grateful to our President. Feeding even one family is difficult, yet he is taking care of millions. For those who are struggling and in need, such help gives strength, brings joy, and inspires them to move forward. One can hardly imagine just how powerful that is.”

In conclusion, the programs implemented by the National Agency for Social Protection go far beyond material support. They create enabling conditions for income generation, employment, and human capital development, thereby contributing directly to the sustainable economic growth of the country.

The development of trade and economic cooperation between Uzbekistan and Belarus, expansion of bilateral trade, enhancement of export potential, and strengthening of investment ties remain among the key priorities of economic relations between the two countries. Consistent efforts undertaken in this direction are contributing to the diversification of export markets, improvement of logistics chains, and expansion of cooperation between the business communities of both nations.

Against this backdrop, the Belagro–2026 International Agricultural Exhibition and Fair, one of the largest international events in the agricultural sector, was held in Minsk, Republic of Belarus, from 1 to 6 June 2026. An official delegation of the Republic of Uzbekistan participated in the exhibition, holding a series of meetings and negotiations focused on expanding trade and economic cooperation, increasing exports, strengthening investment partnerships, and implementing joint projects in the agricultural sector.

Within the framework of the exhibition, the National Pavilion of Uzbekistan, organized by UZAGROSTAR HOLDING, showcased a wide range of agricultural and food products produced in Uzbekistan. The pavilion was visited by Rahmatulla Nazarov, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Republic of Uzbekistan to the Republic of Belarus; Yuriy Shuleyko, Deputy Prime Minister of the Republic of Belarus; and Aleksandr Yakovchis, Deputy Minister of Agriculture and Food of the Republic of Belarus. During the visit, the parties discussed the quality and export potential of Uzbek agricultural products, as well as their prospects in the Belarusian market.

The exhibition also served as a platform for meetings with leading Belarusian retail chains, importing companies, and wholesale market operators. Discussions focused on establishing systematic supplies of Uzbek agricultural products to Belarus, expanding the range of exported goods, increasing bilateral trade volumes, and strengthening direct cooperation between Uzbek exporters and Belarusian importers.

In particular, meetings with the management of the Noviy Lebyajiy wholesale market in the Minsk district explored opportunities for exporting fresh fruits, vegetables, and processed agricultural products under long-term contracts, establishing sustainable B2B partnerships, and creating dedicated trading areas for Uzbek producers.

Special attention was also devoted to cooperation in the livestock sector. Following negotiations with the Belarusian organization Belplemjivobyedineniye, a cooperation agreement was signed to supply high-yield pedigree cattle to entrepreneurs in the Samarkand region of Uzbekistan. The agreement represents a practical continuation of ongoing efforts aimed at improving breeding programs and increasing livestock productivity.

Furthermore, the delegation visited the Ozerco-Logistik trade and logistics center in the Minsk district to study Belarus's experience in developing logistics and customs infrastructure. The visit provided valuable insights into international cargo storage and redistribution, digital logistics systems, and customs clearance procedures, creating new opportunities for exchanging best practices in export logistics.

In the area of investment cooperation, a meeting with the leadership of the Mogilev Regional Executive Committee resulted in the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding between MARAQAND MEAT LLC of Uzbekistan and the Mogilev Regional Executive Committee on establishing a modern livestock production complex in Belarus. The memorandum establishes a legal framework for expanding bilateral investment cooperation and implementing joint projects in the agro-industrial sector.

The Uzbek delegation also visited advanced agricultural enterprises in the Vitebsk region, where they exchanged experience on the development of intensive livestock farming, efficient farm management, strengthening the feed base, introducing digital agricultural technologies, and implementing joint investment projects.

The resilience of Finland’s development model and the dynamism of Uzbekistan’s reforms provide a solid foundation for deepening bilateral cooperation. Finland combines technological leadership, efficient governance, and a robust social policy. Its mixed model of development with strong public regulation and an active private sector is based on long-term planning, technological excellence, and social equality.
A balanced economic policy keeps inflation at 2–3%, while maintaining a high AA+ credit rating. The national research infrastructure is funded as a key element of state strategy. Total spending on research and development exceeds 3% of GDP, reaching €8.4 billion in 2023, up 6.3% from the previous year. The contributions came from the public sector, universities, and private business.
Finland’s economy remains open and export-oriented. In 2024, foreign trade reached €146.5 billion, including €72.2 billion in exports and €74.3 billion in imports. Its technological specialization, advanced digital environment, and high human capital create a predictable setting for investors.
At the same time, Uzbekistan has become a driver of reform in Central Asia over the past eight years. The country’s GDP has doubled to reach $115 billion. Since 2017, fixed capital investments have totaled $240 billion, with over $130 billion coming from foreign sources. International reserves exceed $48 billion. The structure of production has evolved: the share of industry rose from 20% to 26%, services from 44% to 47%, and labor productivity increased by 45%. Regulatory reforms expanded the space for private capital, while transport and energy infrastructure projects established a new foundation for industrialization and export growth.
As a result of these reforms, Uzbekistan’s trade with the European Union has entered a stable growth trajectory. Between 2017 and 2024, trade turnover between Uzbekistan and the EU increased 2.4 times from $2.6 billion to $6.4 billion. In 2024, exports rose by nearly 27% compared to 2023, while imports remained at a comparable level.
A New Stage of Political and Economic Relations
Particularly strong momentum has emerged in Uzbek–Finnish relations. Regular high-level contacts have given fresh impetus to the bilateral dialogue. On 12 November 2024, on the sidelines of the COP29 Summit in Baku, President of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev met with President of Finland Alexander Stubb. The two leaders discussed prospects for cooperation in the fields of the green economy, renewable energy, innovation, and education, and exchanged views on sustainable development and climate policy.
The political dialogue continued with a telephone conversation on 9 September 2025, during which the heads of state explored ways to expand economic and humanitarian cooperation. Furthermore, an official visit of the President of Finland to Uzbekistan is expected in late October 2025, aimed at consolidating earlier agreements and opening new areas of partnership.
This process is creating a favorable foundation for strengthening trade and economic ties, introducing Finnish technologies, and attracting investment into Uzbekistan’s priority sectors. From 2019 to 2024, bilateral trade more than tripled to reach $152 million. Uzbekistan’s exports to Finland increased almost 17 times to $4.73 million, while imports from Finland nearly tripled to $147 million. Over the past year alone, Uzbek exports to Finland grew by 56%, and imports rose 3.2 times. From January to August 2025, trade volume exceeded $68 million.
Trade flows reflect each country’s comparative advantages: Uzbekistan supplies industrial goods and services, while Finland exports machinery, transport equipment, chemicals, and food products.
Prospects for Cooperation
The emerging agenda for trade and economic cooperation draws on Finland’s experience in engineering, clean technologies, digital healthcare, education, and R&D management – areas closely aligned with Uzbekistan’s goals for technological renewal, energy efficiency, and human capital development. At the same time, Uzbekistan’s favorable business climate and major infrastructure projects are reducing operational costs for foreign companies.
Given Uzbekistan’s development priorities and conducive investment conditions, there is significant potential to further deepen Uzbek–Finnish cooperation across several areas. According to the Center for Economic Research and Reforms, Uzbekistan’s exports to Finland could expand even in the short term, particularly in sectors where Uzbek producers have existing capacity and advantage – textiles and garments, fruits and nuts, footwear, leather goods, stone and cement products, as well as copper and semi-finished copper products.
Logistics could be organized through the ports of Helsinki and HaminaKotka, with Turku as a potential reserve. Distribution channels could be developed via major retail networks and distributors, including Kesko and S Group. Key success factors include certification under EU standards, stable supply chains, and regular contracts.
Industrial cooperation should move toward deeper processing with full production cycles, for example, in knitwear, wool, and leather, from spinning and dyeing to finished apparel. Potential partners include Finnish companies such as Lapuan Kankurit and Pirtin Kehräämö, as well as the Aalto University School of Arts, Design and Architecture. In agriculture, joint breeding programs using Finnish sheep lines and supported by LUKE (Natural Resources Institute Finland) could strengthen the raw-material base of Uzbekistan’s textile clusters.
In the digital and green transformation sphere, collaboration could extend to telecom infrastructure and critical systems management with companies such as Nokia. In energy, there is potential for cooperation in localizing components for solar installations and storage systems, developing smart grids, and improving generation efficiency in hot climates, with participation from Finnish firms Valoe, Fortum Solar, and Wärtsilä.
For research and materials science, engaging institutions such as VTT and LUT University would help build a sustainable technological and human-resource base in Uzbekistan, while opening new regional export niches.
In mechanical engineering, cooperation could develop with Metso and Valmet on equipment components, servicing, and partial localization. In logistics and cargo handling solutions, Finnish companies Konecranes and Cargotec offer relevant expertise. In climate monitoring and water-chemical solutions, potential partners include Vaisala and Kemira.
A cross-cutting priority remains human capital. Joint programs with the University of Helsinki, Tampere University, and University of Oulu are needed to establish industrial internships and introduce Finnish methods for training engineers, technologists, and quality specialists for high-tech industries.
At the institutional level, further progress will require harmonizing border procedures, launching green corridors, implementing digital customs systems, and ensuring mutual recognition of certificates. It will also be important to develop industrial and agro-processing clusters, logistics hubs, and training programs for workforce development.
In the near future, Uzbek–Finnish cooperation may reach a stable, long-term trajectory. For Finland, Uzbekistan represents a reliable supplier of manufactured goods and components, and a new market for technology and equipment. For Uzbekistan, deeper cooperation provides access to advanced solutions and Northern European distribution channels.
In conclusion, the combination of Finland’s effective governance model, innovation, and environmental responsibility with Uzbekistan’s large-scale reforms creates a strong foundation for joint practical projects in manufacturing, energy, telecommunications, and education. Such a partnership can not only enhance the technological level of Uzbekistan’s economy but also give new quality to Uzbek–Finnish relations – anchored in long-term, sustainable, and mutually beneficial development.

Afzal Artikov,
Chief researcher,
Center for Economic Research and
Reforms under the Administration
of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan

Numerous scholars and studies have confirmed the connection between the quality of education and the well-being of society. The Nobel Prize winning Gary Becker was one of the first to inquire into the impact of education on economic growth and social development. His research has shown that investing in education can improve productivity and thus economic growth.

According to experts from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, the high level of education, GDP and economic development serve to augment the average life expectancy and improve public health. One should note that stepping up the duration of education by 1 year can increase GDP by 3-6 percent.

Education is considered a crucial issue for Uzbekistan, 60% of the population of whose is young people under the age of 30, with a population increase of 700 thousand a year.

Up until recently, obtaining higher education was the dream of millions of Uzbek youth. In 2016, enrollment in higher education was only 9 percent of all the school graduates, and the number of higher education institutions was 69 (with 9 private). Due to a lack of student loans to finance higher education and support systems for vulnerable segments of the population, many were unable to study failing to pay tuition fees.

There were also problems for youth in getting onboard the higher education. Those willing to obtain one were able to apply only to one institution a year. And if they did not score enough in the admission exams, they had to wait until the next year to reapply to that or another university.

In addition, such factors as taking faculty and students to forced seasonal agricultural work used to have a grave negative impact on the quality of education. So did the insufficient material incentives for the teaching staff due to the extremely low wages.

After the election of Shavkat Mirziyoyev as President of the country in 2016, the system of admission to higher education institutions started to be revised, with overall systemic transformation underway, especially when it came to the quality of education.

First, the organizational and legal framework of the industry has been revised. In particular, the 2030 Concept for Higher Education Development in the Republic of Uzbekistan was approved in 2019 by the corresponding presidential decree.

In 2020, the Oliy Majlis (Supreme Assembly, the national parliament) passed the Education law in a new edition. In accordance with it, the system opened up to market mechanisms, priority was afforded to raising the scale and quality of education to a new level, to studying advanced foreign practices and establishing broad international connections.

Apart from that, adopted in 2023, the new edition of the Constitution introduced a number of new norms on the protection of the honor and dignity of teachers, government concern for their social and material well-being. The upgraded Basic Law also granted the higher education institutions the right to academic self-government, freedom in scientific research and teaching methodologies and approaches.

Second, to be sure, education advancement requires allocation of large sums from the state budget to this area. According to research, a 1% increase in education spending will increase GDP by 0.35%. It is for this reason that the amount of funds allocated from the public budget for the maintenance and development of educational institutions in Uzbekistan has been steadily growing.

In 2023, spending on education accounted for 44 percent of total social expenditures, reaching 61.2 trillion soums.

The rapid growth in the number of public and private universities, as well as branches of foreign ones, and the introduction of market mechanisms in this area have created the basis for expanding the market in educational services. Today there are 210 universities in the country, almost half of them are private (67) and foreign universities (29).

Crucially, the youth are now free to choose. A healthy competitive environment has begun to emerge among the institutions offering higher education. Branches of prestigious foreign universities like Westminster (UK), Webster (US), Management Development Institute of Singapore, Polytechnic University of Turin (Italy) have an important role to play in the implementation of advanced standards in higher education by inviting state-of-the-art certified faculty, making a good use of the latest teaching technologies, innovations and international best practices.

As a result of the enhancement of the higher education market in Uzbekistan, it became possible to boost the coverage in the system from 9 percent of school graduates enrolled in 2016 to 42 percent in 2023. And the launch of correspondence and evening studies at universities has contributed to a sharp increase in the proportion of students over 24 years of age. The total number of university students now exceeds 1.3 million.

Starting from 2019, applicants have been given the opportunity to simultaneously submit documents to several universities and choose an educational institution based on the results of entrance exams and their preferences. This year, building on a relevant presidential decree, exams for admission to universities will take place under the principle “test first, then choose”.

Uzbekistan has created a unique system that provides opportunities to obtain higher education for people in need of social protection and people with disabilities. In particular, the distribution of admission quotas was approved on the basis of an additional two percent state scholarship for persons with disabilities and one percent for graduates of Mehribonlik (Mercy homes, orphanages), children’s villages and family homes in the context of higher educational institutions and forms of education.

It will not be an exaggeration to say that changing society by attracting girls to higher education is a unique path for Uzbekistan. Here one can recall a popular wisdom that if you educate a girl, you educate the whole nation. In order to ensure gender equality, as well as the consistent implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, starting from the 2022-2023 academic year, new educational loans are allocated on preferential terms (interest-free) for training girls and women. As a result, in 2023, interest-free educational loans in the amount of 1,548.6 billion soums were allocated to about 137.4 thousand students.

A procedure has also been established for reimbursement of tuition fees for girls studying for graduate degree at universities. During this time, 20,260 women took a good advantage of this opportunity.

Special emphasis is placed on the issues of training youth from Uzbekistan in prestigious foreign universities. In particular, the amount of funds allocated from the state budget to the El-Yurt Umidi (Hope of the Nation) Foundation for the training of talented youth abroad has been growing. If 200 billion soums were allocated to this fund in 2022, in 2024 the amount reached 500 billion soums. Thanks to the foundation, more than 1,000 young people have received education in respected higher education institutions abroad and today work in various fields. According to the UNESCO Institute for Statistics, students from Uzbekistan ranked fifth in the world in the number of students studying abroad in 2021. The number exceeded 110 thousand. This is also clear evidence of how young people in this country are thirsty for knowledge.

The Uzbekistan-2030 Strategy urges to bringing the level of youth enrollment in higher education to no less than 50 percent, including in at least 10 higher educational institutions in the top 1,000 ranking of the most prestigious universities, and making the way for the country into the top 50 nations by 2030 in the Global Innovation Index.

As a result of reforms over the past period, two universities of Uzbekistan for the first time entered the top 1,000 higher education institutions in the world, compiled by the British company Quacquarelli Symonds (QS). The National Research University “Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers” (TIIAME) was named 547^th in the rating, while the Mirzo Ulugbek National University of Uzbekistan secured the 781-790th positions.

The National Research University TIIAME was among the 300 best higher education institutions in the world and among the top three universities in Central Asia in terms of “Academic reputation”, and the National University of Uzbekistan was in the top 200 in terms of “Share of foreign teachers” and took second place among universities in the region.

In addition, 53 higher educational institutions of Uzbekistan were noted in the “THE Impact Rankings” published by the Times Higher Education agency for 2024. Seven of them ended up in the top 1,000. In the ranking, the Tashkent State University of Uzbek Language and Literature came 10th in the world in terms of gender equality.

In short, well aware of the truism that investing into education means investing into your future.

Nodir Tilavoldiev,
Member of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis
Republic of Uzbekistan

Uzbekistan and Serbia are exploring new avenues for cooperation in environmental protection, sustainable natural resource management, biodiversity conservation and environmental education.

As an important step in advancing environmental dialogue, the participation of a delegation from the Republic of Serbia, led by Minister of Environmental Protection Sara Pavkov, in the 8th Assembly of the Global Environment Facility, held in Samarkand from May 30 to June 5, 2026, as well as in the international exhibition “Eco Expo Central Asia 2026,” held on June 2–4, can be highlighted. In particular, the Serbian side participated in the high-level plenary session on “Green Investments and Innovations” held as part of the exhibition.

One promising area of cooperation is the exchange of experience in forestry and sustainable forest management. Serbia has considerable practical expertise in managing forest resources and developing public–private partnerships. Between 2008 and 2023, the share of forested land in the country increased from 25% to 37%. Of Serbia’s forests, 53% are state-owned, while the remaining 47% are privately owned.

Cooperation in biodiversity conservation and the protection of natural ecosystems is another area of particular importance. Serbia has granted protected status to 460 natural sites, including five national parks, 17 nature parks, 20 protected landscapes, 68 nature reserves, 309 natural monuments and three protected habitats. Studying this experience is of practical interest for the further development and improvement of approaches to the conservation of natural areas and biodiversity in Uzbekistan.

Environmental education and scientific and academic cooperation represent another promising avenue for partnership. In particular, there is potential to expand cooperation between Serbia’s leading universities and the Central Asian University of Environmental and Climate Change Studies, Green University. Such initiatives could include joint academic programmes, scientific research, student and faculty exchanges, as well as the implementation of collaborative projects in the fields of climate change, biodiversity and sustainable development.

Serbian universities, including the University of Belgrade and the University of Novi Sad, have significant capacity in environmental sciences and are recognised among the world’s leading universities in relevant fields. This creates favourable opportunities for strengthening academic and research partnerships.

Eco Expo Central Asia 2027 could also serve as an important platform for further strengthening the environmental dialogue. The exhibition is scheduled to take place in June 2027 in Tashkent, alongside the Tashkent International Investment Forum, which will focus on “Sustainable Development and Green Investment”.

The Serbian side is invited to take an active part in the exhibition, which has already established itself as one of Central Asia’s leading environmental platforms. The successful organisation of Eco Expo Central Asia in Tashkent in 2025 and in Samarkand in 2026 demonstrated the strong interest of the international community in the region’s environmental initiatives.

The development of cooperation between Uzbekistan and Serbia in these areas will help expand the exchange of advanced practices, promote joint environmental and investment projects, strengthen scientific and educational ties and create new opportunities for advancing the principles of sustainable development and “green” economy.

Mahmud Khaydarov,

Chief Specialist of the Department of International Cooperation, Grants and Rankings of the National Committee on Ecology and Climate Change

For centuries, life in Central Asia has been inseparable from water. Across the Amu Darya and Syr Darya basins, settlements, agriculture and trade developed around rivers, canals and irrigation systems. Water has therefore never been merely a natural resource for the region; it has been one of the foundations of its economic life, social stability and shared history.

Today, the water challenge is more pressing than ever. Climate change, population and economic growth, shrinking glaciers, droughts and increasingly frequent extreme weather events are placing mounting pressure on water resources. One conclusion is clear: no single country can ensure water security in Central Asia on its own. The only sustainable path lies in cooperation, mutual trust, accurate measurement and shared responsibility.

One River Basin, Shared Interests

Central Asia’s major rivers originate in some countries and flow through others. The Syr Darya is of vital importance to Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan, while the Amu Darya is equally significant for Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan.

This geographical reality makes it essential to avoid framing the interests of upstream and downstream countries as inherently opposed. For one state, water may be a key source of hydropower; for another, it is indispensable for irrigated agriculture. At the same time, preserving river ecosystems, improving the environmental situation in the Aral Sea region and ensuring access to safe drinking water are common priorities for all countries.

Around 90 per cent of water in Central Asia is used in agriculture. Water management therefore cannot be shaped solely around the interests of one sector or one country. What is needed is a regional approach that recognises the close interdependence of water, energy, food security and the environment.

Open Dialogue, Practical Results

In recent years, dialogue among the countries of Central Asia has become more open and constructive. This has had a direct impact on cooperation in the water sector. Whereas discussions once focused primarily on seasonal water allocation, the agenda today is considerably broader, encompassing water-energy cooperation, joint management of shared facilities, digitalisation, improved water accounting, scientific collaboration and professional training.

At the Seventh Consultative Meeting of the Heads of State of Central Asia, held in Tashkent in November 2025, the President of Uzbekistan drew attention to growing water scarcity and proposed declaring 2026–2036 the “Decade of Practical Action for the Rational Use of Water in Central Asia”. The establishment of a Regional Competence Centre for Water Management at the Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers National Research University was also proposed.

At the summit of the International Fund for Saving the Aral Sea in April 2026, the President of Uzbekistan outlined priority tasks for the country’s chairmanship of the Fund in 2027–2029. These include improving the Fund’s organisational and legal mechanisms, increasing the effectiveness of programmes in the Aral Sea basin, attracting international financing, promoting a culture of responsible water use and strengthening professional capacity in the sector.

Agreements as the Practical Basis of Cooperation

Regional dialogue produces lasting results only when it is backed by concrete agreements and practical cooperation.

On 15 November 2025, Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan signed an Agreement on the Joint Management and Rational Use of Transboundary Water Bodies. The agreement is designed to establish systematic cooperation between the two countries in the water sector, improve coordination among responsible agencies and ensure more effective use of shared water resources and infrastructure.

With the Kyrgyz Republic, issues related to water use, the operation of hydraulic structures and the distribution of water during the irrigation season are regularly addressed through joint mechanisms. On 15 May 2026, the eighth meeting of the Uzbek-Kyrgyz Joint Commission on Water Management was held in Namangan. In June, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan also agreed on water release volumes and electricity supplies for the 2026 irrigation season.

Within the framework of the joint Working Group with Tajikistan, the parties regularly discuss transboundary water-management projects, exchange experience in managing water resources and address other practical matters.

Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Kazakhstan also cooperate in coordinating the summer operating regime of the Bahri Tojik Reservoir. This issue is agreed annually at working-level meetings involving representatives of the three countries and is formalised through the relevant protocols.

A joint intergovernmental commission on water issues operates between Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan. Cooperation covers water-saving technologies, the reconstruction of collector-drainage networks, scientific exchange and professional training in irrigation. In 2025, for example, the second stage of the reconstruction of the Ozyorny and Daryolik main collectors in Turkmenistan was completed.

These examples demonstrate an important shift: water cooperation in Central Asia is moving beyond general declarations towards concrete mechanisms — commissions, agreements, technical projects and water-energy exchanges.

Accurate Data as a Foundation of Trust

In water relations, trust is built not only through political declarations but also through accurate and transparent data.

How much water is flowing in a river? What volumes are stored in reservoirs? How much water has been released, how much has reached users and how much has been lost along the way? These questions must be answered on the basis of reliable information that all parties can trust.

This is why it is increasingly important to automate transboundary hydrological gauging stations, enable remote data transmission, introduce digital water accounting and harmonise information-exchange systems among countries.

In July 2026, the World Bank approved the Regional Cooperation Project to Improve the Efficiency of Water Resources Use in Central Asian Countries (CAWEC), aimed at strengthening transboundary water cooperation in the region.

The project envisages a US$20 million grant to the Executive Committee of the International Fund for Saving the Aral Sea. The funds are intended to support the digitalisation of water accounting in the Amu Darya and Syr Darya basins, modernise information systems and strengthen the professional capacity of specialists.

By 2031, the project is also expected to support the preparation of mutually beneficial transboundary investment projects involving at least two Central Asian countries, including preliminary feasibility studies, design and cost documentation, and environmental and social assessments.

It is expected that around 40 million people will benefit directly or indirectly from the project’s results.

Water Conservation in Uzbekistan Also Serves Regional Interests

The rational use of transboundary water resources begins with the responsibility of each country to use water efficiently within its own territory.

In 2017, water-saving technologies were applied on 28,000 hectares in Uzbekistan. By the end of 2025, this figure had reached 2.6 million hectares — nearly 60 per cent of the country’s irrigated land. Since the beginning of 2026, water-saving technologies have been introduced on a further 640,000 hectares.

Around 174,000 kilometres of irrigation networks are used to supply water to 4.3 million hectares of irrigated land in Uzbekistan. Public funding for modernising this extensive system, reducing water losses in canals and improving efficiency has increased steadily. In 2017, 842 billion soums were allocated to irrigation and land-reclamation works; in 2020, the figure rose to 1.7 trillion soums, and in 2025 to 3 trillion soums.

In 2026, 4.1 trillion soums were allocated from the state budget for irrigation and land-reclamation facilities — 4.9 times the 2017 level.

By the end of 2026, Uzbekistan plans to save 11 billion cubic metres of water through the wider use of water-saving technologies, laser land levelling, the repair and concrete lining of irrigation networks, digitalisation, optimisation of crop patterns and improved agricultural practices. Under the state programme for 2025–2028, this figure is expected to rise to 12 billion cubic metres in 2027 and 13 billion cubic metres in 2028.

These figures matter not only for Uzbekistan, but for the region as a whole. Every cubic metre of water saved in one country reduces pressure on the shared river basin. Water conservation is therefore not merely a national objective; it is also a practical expression of good-neighbourly responsibility.

Five Pillars for the Future

Five areas are particularly important if Central Asia is to take water cooperation to a new level.

First, interstate cooperation mechanisms need to be adapted to contemporary realities. Clear legal arrangements are required for water allocation, the use of shared infrastructure and the exchange of information.

Second, water accounting should be further digitalised, with timely exchange of data on water availability and flows. Reliable information is the foundation of reliable cooperation.

Third, the region needs more joint investment projects to modernise ageing canals, hydraulic structures, pumping stations and water-metering facilities. The uninterrupted operation of a single facility in one country may directly serve the interests of several neighbouring states.

Fourth, water and energy issues should be addressed in an integrated manner. Better coordination of reservoir operating regimes, electricity supplies and seasonal water needs can significantly improve the efficiency of resource use.

Fifth, greater attention must be paid to science, human capital and a culture of responsible water use. Modern technologies alone are not enough. They require skilled specialists, farmers who have a clear incentive to conserve water, and a society that understands the true value of this resource.

Water conservation is not the responsibility of water professionals alone. It is also a matter of economic thinking, environmental responsibility and everyday culture.

Water as a Shared Responsibility for a Common Future

The history of Central Asia shows that water has not only sustained communities; it has also connected them. Villages, cities, markets and cultural ties developed along rivers, canals and irrigation channels. Preserving that unifying role of water is just as important today.

In the twenty-first century, effective water management is determined not only by how much water is available. It also depends on the quality of cooperation between countries, the efficiency with which water is used, and the accuracy with which it is measured and accounted for.

The challenges ahead are substantial. Demand for water is rising, the climate is changing and economies are expanding. Yet Central Asia has also developed a stronger culture of cooperation. Regular dialogue among heads of state, bilateral and multilateral agreements, modern technologies and support from international partners are creating practical opportunities to address shared challenges together.

Joint efforts to conserve water contribute to peace and stability. Rational use of this vital resource is an investment in economic development. Above all, it is an investment in a more prosperous, resilient and sustainable future for the entire region.

Shavkat KHAMRAEV,

Minister of Water Resources of the Republic of Uzbekistan,
Honored Irrigator of Uzbekistan

Uzbekistan and Finland possess significant potential to deepen their partnership in the areas of ecology, sustainable natural resource management, and climate change mitigation. Environmental institutions of both countries actively engage through international conferences, forums, and projects supported by international organizations and development banks.

One of the most notable examples of practical cooperation is the joint project between the Agency of Hydrometeorological Service of Uzbekistan, the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland and the Finnish Meteorological Institute. Valued at USD 2 million, the project aims to strengthen Uzbekistan’s hydrometeorological capacity, train specialists in modern forecasting methods for weather and natural disasters, and enhance climate services and adaptation measures to climate change.

To further expand bilateral cooperation, the Ministry of Ecology, Environmental Protection and Climate Change of Uzbekistan has identified several priority areas that could form the basis for a future Memorandum of Understanding with Finland.

One key area of collaboration could be sustainable forest management. Over 70% of Finland’s territory is covered by forests, which account for 0.5% of global timber reserves. Studying Finland’s experience in public-private partnerships in forestry and its effective mechanisms for conserving forest ecosystems could help Uzbekistan improve its own approaches to developing green zones and protecting natural territories.

Another promising area is circular economy development. Finland was among the first countries to adopt a national “roadmap” for transitioning to circular models of production and consumption. For Uzbekistan — which is currently developing a modern waste management and recycling system — learning from Finland’s sustainable production practices would be an important step toward achieving “green” growth.

Air quality management is also an area of great interest. Finland is recognized as one of the countries with the cleanest air in the world, thanks to its advanced monitoring systems and strict environmental regulations. Adopting Finnish technologies for tracking pollutants and reducing emissions could significantly improve air quality in Uzbekistan’s urban centers.

Particular attention is also given to climate action. Finland aims to achieve carbon neutrality by 2035 and its strategies for reducing emissions and adapting to climate challenges could serve as a valuable model for Uzbekistan in implementing its own climate commitments under the Paris Agreement.

An important area of focus is scientific and educational cooperation. The Ministry of Ecology of Uzbekistan is interested in establishing partnerships between Finnish universities and the Central Asian University of Environmental and Climate Change Studies (Green University). Academic exchange programs, joint research initiatives and the development of green educational technologies will contribute to training a new generation of environmental and climate specialists in the region.

Cooperation in biodiversity conservation and protected areas management is also of high importance. Finland allocates 13.3% of its territory for these purposes and plans to expand this figure to 30% by 2030. This experience holds great value for Uzbekistan, which is actively implementing a national program to expand its network of reserves and national parks.

The signing of a Memorandum of Cooperation between the Ministry of Ecology, Environmental Protection and Climate Change of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Ministry of the Environment and Climate of Finland would be a logical step toward strengthening this partnership. Joint initiatives between the two countries will help combine innovation and scientific expertise in pursuit of a shared goal — protecting nature, enhancing climate resilience, and building a sustainable and environmentally secure future.

Anvar Tursunaliyev,

Chief specialist Department of international cooperation

and rankings of the Ministry of Ecology,

Environmental Protection and Climate Change

The true strength of interstate relations is determined not only by political agreements or economic indicators. The better nations understand one another, and the greater the respect they show for each other’s history, culture and values, the stronger and more sustainable relations between states become.

In this regard, relations between Uzbekistan and Serbia are acquiring new substance and significance.

Over the past year, important steps have been taken to lay the foundation for a new stage of cooperation between the two countries. In particular, on 28 October, talks were held in Tashkent between President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev and President of the Republic of Serbia Aleksandar Vučić. Among the documents signed following the talks, the Agreement on Cooperation in the Fields of Education, Science and Culture is of particular importance, reflecting the strong attention being paid to the cultural and humanitarian dimension of bilateral relations.

Today, it is essential for us to transform the existing legal framework into practical, substantive cultural projects that produce tangible results for our peoples.

From dialogue to practical cooperation

When discussing the role of Uzbekistan’s national culture on the international stage, we should not limit ourselves to showcasing historical monuments or examples of national art. Culture is a spiritual process that encompasses history, creativity and the worldview of the younger generation. From this perspective, it is important to develop cultural ties with Serbia not as a series of one-off events, but as a systematic and continuous process of creative cooperation.

Uzbekistan’s music and dance, theatre and cinema, visual and applied arts, literature and traditional crafts offer broad opportunities to introduce Serbian audiences to the rich cultural heritage of our country. At the same time, broader promotion and presentation of Serbian culture and art in Uzbekistan will help transform cultural dialogue between our two peoples into a mutually beneficial and mutually enriching process.

In this regard, Days of Culture, exhibitions, concerts, film screenings, theatre tours, creative meetings and master classes are among the most effective instruments for advancing cultural cooperation.

“From Al-Khwarizmi to Tesla”

Cinematography holds a special place in Uzbek-Serbian cultural cooperation. In particular, on 3 April 2026, during a meeting at the Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Uzbekistan with Lav Pajkić, State Secretary of the Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Serbia, organisational issues related to the joint film project “From Al-Khwarizmi to Tesla”, planned to be produced with the participation of the two countries, were discussed. This project represents an important step towards further developing cooperation in the field of cinematography.

The concept of the project itself carries profound symbolic significance. On the one hand stands Muhammad al-Khwarizmi, who made an outstanding contribution to the development of world science; on the other, Nikola Tesla, who holds a prominent place in the history of electrical engineering and invention. Bringing these two outstanding figures together within a single artistic concept provides a unique opportunity to highlight the contributions of the two peoples not only to culture, but also to science, intellectual thought and the advancement of civilisation.

The strength of modern cinema also lies in its ability to convey historical memory to younger generations and a broad international audience through a compelling and accessible language.

Days of culture — not merely a showcase, but a platform for dialogue

The discussion of holding “Days of Uzbek culture” in Serbia in 2026 is also an important area of cultural cooperation between the two countries.

Such an event should not be viewed merely as a concert or exhibition. Days of Culture are a broad platform for presenting a nation’s cultural identity, learning about another people’s culture, and fostering mutual understanding.

Therefore, when presenting Uzbekistan’s culture in Serbia, it is important to combine national music and dance, visual and applied arts, cinema, literature and traditional crafts with creative meetings, master classes, academic and practical conferences, and literary evenings.

Preserving cultural heritage is a shared responsibility. The historical and cultural heritage dimension also holds particular importance in Uzbek-Serbian cultural cooperation.

Uzbekistan’s historic cities of Samarkand, Bukhara and Khiva have played an important role in the development of world civilisation. Serbia, in turn, is also rightfully proud of its historic cities, architectural monuments and rich cultural heritage.

In this regard, the exchange of expertise between museums, archives, research institutions and organisations working in the field of cultural heritage preservation is one of the promising areas of cooperation. Particularly meaningful practical results can be achieved through cooperation in such fields as restoration, museology, the study of archival materials and the digitisation of cultural heritage.

Translation — a strong bridge between two literatures

One of the most important means of bringing peoples closer together is literature. Translating works of Uzbek literature into Serbian and Serbian literature into Uzbek creates opportunities for a deeper understanding of the inner world, historical memory and spiritual values of the two peoples.

In this area, important tasks include organising literary meetings with the participation of writers and poets, holding seminars for translators, establishing dedicated sections in literary journals, and expanding cooperation between higher education and research institutions.

Indeed, every quality literary work translated into another language becomes a bridge not only between two languages, but also between two peoples.

Tashkent and Belgrade: from сity-to-сity сooperation to people-to-people diplomacy

The signing, on 28 October 2025, of the agreement establishing partnership relations between the cities of Tashkent and Belgrade also opens new opportunities for the development of cultural ties. Going forward, these relations can be enriched through concrete cultural exchanges between the two cities.

Mutual visits by artists, theatre companies, musicians, young cultural and creative professionals, as well as museum and library specialists, can bring cultural diplomacy even closer to the people. People-to-people diplomacy begins not only at major international platforms, but, above all, through direct human interaction.

The tasks ahead are clear

At the next stage of Uzbek-Serbian cultural cooperation, it is necessary to clearly define the key priorities.

First, to establish the systematic organisation of “Days of Uzbek culture” in Serbia and Days of Serbian Culture in Uzbekistan.

Second, to ensure the practical implementation of joint film projects such as “From Al-Khwarizmi to Tesla” and further expand creative cooperation in the field of cinematography.

Third, to increase the number of creative exchanges among representatives of theatre, music, dance, visual and applied arts.

Fourth, to strengthen professional cooperation among museums, archives and institutions working in the field of cultural heritage preservation.

Fifth, to intensify the mutual translation of Uzbek and Serbian literary works, support young creative professionals and establish joint creative platforms for them.

Sixth, to expand the use of digital technologies in culture and the arts and develop joint digital projects.

Most importantly, these tasks should not remain merely on paper. They must be supported by concrete projects, clear implementation timelines and tangible results.

The most effective language of closer relations

The role of culture in relations between Uzbekistan and Serbia is steadily growing. The primary purpose of this process is not merely to showcase our national art abroad. Its fundamental objective is to deepen mutual understanding, bring creative communities together, jointly study historical and cultural heritage, and create new platforms for dialogue among younger generations.

Today, the task of cultural diplomacy is to elevate existing ties to a new level, enrich them with meaningful content and transform them into lasting relations between our peoples.

In Uzbekistan’s international cultural policy, it is important to approach relations with each country with due regard for its historical and cultural characteristics. In cooperation with Serbia, we are united by such important principles as shared human values, respect for history, and a strong commitment to science and creativity.

The greatest achievement of culture is that it brings people, rather than borders, closer together.

Developing cultural cooperation between Uzbekistan and Serbia on the basis of this principle is a task for today and our responsibility to future generations. Culture is one of the most powerful factors contributing to the unity, spirituality and enlightenment of peoples.

As long as our national culture remains vibrant, every sphere built upon it can achieve significant success and make a worthy contribution to the development and prosperity of our country.

Ozodbek Nazarbekov
Minister of Culture of the Republic of Uzbekistan

On August 5, President Shavkat Mirziyoyev familiarized himself with the presentation of measures aimed at developing competition.

The ongoing efforts to reduce the state presence in the economy and curb large monopolies have a positive impact on the competitive environment. In particular, over the last five years the competitive environment has improved in more than 25 goods. Exclusive rights that restricted competition in 7 types of activities have been abolished. The number of enterprises with state participation decreased by 42 percent, while the number of private business entities increased by 1.6 times.

Last year the Law "On Competition" was adopted in a new version. The Committee for Competition Development and Consumer Protection was given additional effective powers. According to the studies conducted on this basis, in some organizations there are such phenomena as anticompetitive decision-making, direct contracts, use of dominant position in trade.

In this regard, a Competition Development Framework has been developed to enhance the coverage and effectiveness of competition in this area. This concept defines further tasks to reduce government involvement in the economy, liberalize market access and create a level playing field for entrepreneurs.

Thus, it is planned to abolish regulations and redundant requirements that impede the free access of business entities to markets. It is envisaged to introduce relaxations aimed at reducing the regulatory burden, in particular, permitting procedures and licenses will be replaced by compulsory liability insurance.

Independent market regulators will be introduced in the spheres of natural monopolies. The participation of natural monopoly entities will be limited in commodity markets related to natural monopolies and where there is an opportunity to develop competition.

The scale of direct public procurement will be reduced, and it will be completely switched to competitive methods. It is envisaged to abolish the provision of state aid of an individual nature that restricts competition, including exclusive rights, privileges, preferences and relaxations.

By means of mutual integration of information systems of state bodies, digital monitoring of all links in the chain of pricing of socially important products will be established. A system of non-disclosure and encouragement of persons who have provided information on cases of anticompetitive agreements and actions, collusions will be introduced.

In general, as a result of the implementation of this concept, measures will be taken to gradually eliminate 17 types of state monopoly in a number of areas, such as energy, oil and gas sector, water management, road construction, railroad and airport services. Anti-competitive actions in public procurement will be curbed and transparency of these processes will be ensured. Commodity exchanges will increase supply and expand the choice opportunities for buyers.

The President gave additional instructions to continue work in this area, to ensure free market principles, and to develop entrepreneurship. The need to reduce the state's share in the economy and to gradually transfer certain functions to the private sector was emphasized. The task has been set to constantly analyze the state of competition on commodity, financial and digital markets and to make proposals to improve procedures.

Over the last three years, over 2,000 acts contradicting the competition law have been identified locally. In most cases, these are documents of local khokimiyats and ministries. In this regard, it was noted that it is necessary to intensify the work of territorial departments of the Committee for Competition Development and improve the qualification of personnel.

It was also pointed out the importance of increasing openness and strengthening the work on publicizing the activities of the Committee. It was emphasized that this is important to prevent violations of the law and to create a transparent environment.

Today, climate change stands as one of the most urgent and complex global challenges, with its negative effects being particularly acute in ecologically fragile regions under high anthropogenic pressure. One such area is the Aral Sea region, where the consequences of climate change are having a far-reaching impact on the state of natural resources, the living standards of the population, and economic activities.

The desiccation of the Aral Sea has led to a sharp change in the region's microclimate, an increase in air temperature, a decrease in precipitation, intensified wind activity, and a greater frequency of dust and sand storms. These processes are causing land degradation, water scarcity, and a decline in biodiversity. Consequently, agricultural productivity is diminishing, the pressure on drinking water supplies is mounting, and a serious threat to public health is emerging.

Climate change adaptation measures in the Aral Sea region primarily encompass a comprehensive set of actions aimed at sustainable water resource management, strengthening hydro-technical infrastructure, establishing protective forest plantations on the dried seabed, reducing land degradation, conserving biodiversity, and enhancing the climate resilience of the population.

In the New Uzbekistan, the issue of adapting to climate change is one of the priority directions of state policy.

Under the leadership of President of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev, numerous initiatives are being advanced at the international level to ensure environmental sustainability, protect natural resources, and adapt to climate change.

Notably, on the initiative of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, a special resolution "On declaring the Aral Sea region a zone of environmental innovations and technologies" was adopted at the 75th session of the UN General Assembly on May 18, 2021.

Today, programs aimed at transforming the Aral Sea region into a zone of environmental innovations and technologies, developing green infrastructure, and increasing the population's resilience to climate change are being consistently implemented. This is crucial for combating the negative environmental and public health consequences of the Aral Sea's desiccation, addressing the resulting problems, and improving the living conditions of the local population by ensuring their employment.

In his speech at the 80th session of the UN General Assembly in September 2025, the leader of Uzbekistan will emphasize that the negative consequences of the Aral Sea's desiccation must remain a constant focus of the global community. It will be noted that in recent years, 2 million hectares of salt-tolerant desert plants have been planted on the dried seabed, and by 2030, green cover will be established across 80 percent of this area.

The International Fund for Saving the Aral Sea (IFAS) is a key institutional center that develops practical solutions for climate change adaptation.

The Agency of the International Fund for Saving the Aral Sea (IFAS), operating within the IFAS system, plays a crucial role in implementing climate change adaptation measures in the Aral Sea region.

Specifically, within the framework of the "Creation of Small Water Bodies in the Amu Darya Delta (Phase II) " project, mechanisms for a stable water supply to the lake system have been improved. This is enabling the redistribution of water resources, regulation of the hydrological regime, and strengthening of the region's ecological balance.

In parallel, the reconstruction of the Muynak Canal has significantly increased its water conveyance capacity. Water distribution efficiency has improved, the water supply to the lakes has stabilized, and water losses have been considerably reduced.

Furthermore, as part of the reconstruction of the "Ribache" reservoir dam, hydraulic structures were reinforced, water discharge systems were modernized, and the risk of erosion was significantly diminished. This contributes to strengthening water security and ensuring the effective and rational use of water resources.

In the area of ecological restoration, protective forests are being established in the Akhantay and Akkum areas. Forest reclamation measures carried out on the dried seabed are helping to reduce wind erosion and salt migration processes. Through these efforts, the microclimate in the region is stabilizing, and landscape degradation is being prevented.

At the same time, the social dimension is also vital for ensuring environmental sustainability. To this end, competitions, educational campaigns, and promotional events aimed at raising ecological awareness among youth are regularly organized.

Additionally, modern models for the sustainable use of water and land resources are being introduced for the local population and farms. In this process, special attention is focused on the widespread adoption of water-saving technologies, effective management of land resources, rational land administration, and the implementation of agricultural practices adapted to climate change.

As a result of these measures, it is possible not only to mitigate environmental problems but also to raise the population's standard of living, ensure economic stability, and strengthen the region's resilience to climate change.

A Digital and Scientific Approach: A New Stage in Climate Adaptation

At the current stage, climate change adaptation processes are not limited to traditional methods but are being integrated with modern digital technologies and scientific approaches. Specifically, these include:

- real-time monitoring of hydrological and meteorological data;

- analyzing the condition of territories based on satellite imagery;

- planning and optimal allocation of water resources;

- and collecting and managing data through digital platforms.

These approaches enable the early detection of climate change impacts, the reduction of risks, and the efficient use of resources.

At the same time, international cooperation is crucial for the effective implementation of climate change adaptation measures in the Aral Sea region. In particular, through collaboration with the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC), efforts are underway to enhance the region's climate resilience through sustainable water resource management and the introduction of integrated approaches.

Additionally, in partnership with the Global Water Partnership (GWP), mechanisms for ensuring water security and the rational use of resources are being developed. Meanwhile, projects implemented with the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) involve monitoring the ecosystems of the Aral Sea's wetlands to assess the impacts of climate change and develop adaptation measures.

Adapting to climate change in the Aral Sea region is not merely about addressing environmental problems; it is a fundamental condition for achieving sustainable development.

The ongoing systemic reforms show that through a scientific approach, modern technologies, and institutional cooperation, sustainable solutions can be achieved even amid the most complex environmental crises.

The primary task now is to prioritize climate change adaptation in every sector and integrate it into our way of life.

This is because adapting to climate change is not just a present-day task, but a strategic responsibility to future generations.

Birodarjon Burkhonjonov,

Head of the Agency of the International Fund for Saving the Aral Sea.

Cooperation between the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Republic of Korea has been developing consistently in recent years, acquiring new substance in such priority areas as the economy, investment, advanced technologies, digitalization, and public financial management. Relations aimed at further expanding practical cooperation between the two countries, studying advanced experience, and introducing modern technologies are becoming particularly important.

Within the framework of the Central Asia–Republic of Korea Cooperation Forum, particular attention is being paid to identifying new areas of regional and bilateral cooperation, implementing joint projects in innovative and high-tech sectors, as well as developing human capital.

This process is becoming even more relevant ahead of the high-level visit of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan to the Republic of Korea on September 14–17. The visit will create important opportunities for bringing the strategic partnership between the two countries to a new level, expanding investment and technological cooperation, as well as reaching new agreements on the implementation of promising projects.

In particular, cooperation between the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Republic of Korea in the area of public financial management and modernization of the treasury system is also developing steadily. In this regard, the Republic of Korea’s advanced experience is being studied as part of the modernization of the treasury system and the gradual transition to a “Digital Treasury” system.

From April 5 to 10, 2026, the Korea Fiscal Information Service (KFIS) organized a training and practical seminar in the Republic of Korea dedicated to public financial management information systems and the introduction of artificial intelligence technologies. The delegation of the Treasury Service Committee under the Ministry of Economy and Finance of the Republic of Uzbekistan took part in the seminar.

During the visit, the advanced information systems used in the Republic of Korea in the field of public financial management were studied in detail, including the operating mechanisms, functional capabilities, and role of the dBrain+, e-Naradoum, and e-Hojo systems in the digitalization of public financial management processes.

In addition, a Memorandum of Understanding was signed between the Treasury Service Committee and the Korea Fiscal Information Service. This document will contribute to further strengthening bilateral cooperation at the institutional level, expanding the exchange of experience, and developing practical cooperation aimed at improving public financial management information systems.

Furthermore, during meetings with the leadership of the Korea Fiscal Information Service, an agreement was reached on the engagement of a highly qualified expert from the Republic of Korea in the process of modernizing Uzbekistan’s public financial management information systems.

There are also prospects for establishing cooperation with the Republic of Korea in developing a semiconductor ecosystem, as well as implementing “OSAT” (the process of chip packaging and testing) and “IC Design” projects.

One of the key areas being identified is the exploration of opportunities to attract the Republic of Korea’s advanced technologies to Uzbekistan in the production of raw materials and high-purity chemical materials for semiconductors, train local specialists, establish cooperation in research and develop a semiconductor materials base in the country.

Within the framework of developing cooperation in the semiconductor sector with “SK Group,” particularly “SK Hynix,” prospects are being considered for technology transfer, the establishment of educational programs in “IC Design,” the training of local engineers and specialists in chip design, the implementation of joint educational programs, including grant-based projects, as well as the establishment of research and development centers.

The implementation of these initiatives will create an important foundation for developing the modern electronics and semiconductor industry in Uzbekistan, training highly qualified engineering professionals, localizing advanced technologies, and establishing new high-value-added manufacturing industries.

Initiatives aimed at applying the Republic of Korea’s advanced technological and institutional experience in Uzbekistan, expanding mutually beneficial investment projects, and training modern specialists will contribute to bringing the strategic partnership between the two countries to a new level.

In this regard, the initiatives being put forward within the framework of the Central Asia–Republic of Korea Cooperation Forum and the high-level visit will serve as an important foundation for further deepening multifaceted cooperation between the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Republic of Korea, implementing new technological projects, and developing high-value-added sectors in the long term.