The 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly marked a new stage in Uzbekistan’s foreign policy. The ideas and initiatives advanced in New York demonstrated an increasingly strong connection between the country’s domestic reforms, the new environment of cooperation emerging in Central Asia, and the search for solutions to global challenges. Most importantly, Uzbekistan is no longer limiting itself to responding to the international agenda; it is putting forward proposals aimed at helping shape its future direction.

The international system is undergoing serious tests. Armed conflicts persist, geopolitical tensions are intensifying, and trust between states is weakening. Climate change, demographic shifts, water and food security, technological inequality and the rapid development of artificial intelligence have become challenges that no country can address alone.

Against this backdrop, Uzbekistan placed human dignity, peace and cooperation at the heart of the position it presented at the 81st session of the UN General Assembly.

On 23 September, Head of the Presidential Administration Saida Mirziyoyeva addressed the General Debate of the General Assembly on behalf of Uzbekistan. In her official statement, the path chosen by the country was defined by three principles: openness, good-neighbourly relations and dialogue with the world.

This reflects, above all, the growing coherence between Uzbekistan’s domestic and foreign policies. Just as human dignity has become a central benchmark for reforms at home, peace, development and human dignity are increasingly treated as inseparable objectives in the country’s international engagement.

Human dignity as a measure of strength

One of the fundamental positions articulated by Uzbekistan from the UN rostrum concerned the very meaning of state strength.

It was emphasised that the true strength of a state should not be measured solely by its military or economic capabilities, but first and foremost by its ability to protect human dignity, rights and interests.

This approach also carries important implications for international relations. Economic growth or security alone is not sufficient when addressing global challenges. The impact of every decision on people’s lives and futures should be a central criterion.

From this perspective, Uzbekistan also set out its vision for the role of the United Nations: the world needs an organisation capable not merely of discussing conflicts after they erupt, but of preventing them; not merely of adopting decisions, but of ensuring their implementation; and an organisation in which the voice of every state can be heard.

Uzbekistan expressed support for the UN Secretary-General’s UN80 initiative, aimed at adapting the Organisation to contemporary realities. It also supported expanding the composition of the UN Security Council to better reflect today’s world.

These ideas are consistent with the broader discussions taking place within the United Nations itself. As the global balance of power evolves, questions of representation, effectiveness and implementation capacity within multilateral institutions are becoming increasingly urgent.

A new level of diplomatic responsibility

Two further positions announced in New York are particularly significant for the next stage of Uzbekistan’s foreign policy.

In 2027, Uzbekistan will chair the Non-Aligned Movement. The official statement described this role as a responsibility to create new platforms for dialogue at a time of growing international divisions.

Uzbekistan also announced its candidacy for a non-permanent seat on the UN Security Council for 2035–2036.

These initiatives indicate that the scope of Uzbekistan’s foreign-policy responsibilities is expanding. The objective is no longer limited to advancing national interests internationally. Uzbekistan is also signalling its readiness to help shape platforms for dialogue and assume greater responsibility within multilateral institutions.

Central Asia: a model of cooperation

Uzbekistan’s current position at the United Nations cannot be separated from the changes that have taken place in Central Asia in recent years.

Not long ago, the region was frequently associated with unresolved border issues, disagreements over water resources and other tensions. Speaking at the United Nations, Saida Mirziyoyeva noted that the initiatives of President Shavkat Mirziyoyev and the political will of Central Asian leaders had fundamentally changed the atmosphere in the region.

The most important shift has been the emergence of a principle under which neighbouring states are viewed not as sources of threat but as partners.

In this sense, Central Asia’s experience also matters as a practical model that Uzbekistan can bring to the wider global dialogue. Rebuilding trust, resolving complex issues through negotiations and placing shared interests above disagreements are approaches that are already producing results in the region.

Afghanistan: engagement rather than isolation

The issue of Afghanistan follows the same logic.

Uzbekistan stressed that viewing Afghanistan solely as a source of threats will not solve the problem. Nor is leaving the multinational Afghan people alone with their difficulties a viable solution. They need hope and confidence in the possibility of a peaceful future.

This approach is consistent with Uzbekistan’s longstanding position that Afghanistan should be integrated into regional economic processes and that transport and energy projects can help create an economic foundation for long-term stability.

Domestic reforms as the foundation of foreign policy

The General Assembly address also highlighted the transformation Uzbekistan has undergone over the past decade.

According to the official statement, the country’s economy has grown from $50 billion to $147 billion, more than $150 billion in foreign investment has been attracted, and exports have almost tripled. The poverty rate has fallen to 4 per cent, with nearly 10 million people lifted out of poverty.

Preschool enrolment has risen from 27 to 78 per cent, while higher-education coverage has increased from 9 per cent to almost 50 per cent. Average life expectancy has risen from 66 to more than 75 years, while maternal and infant mortality has fallen fourfold.

The significance of these figures goes beyond the statistics themselves. They illustrate the domestic foundation of the ideas Uzbekistan is advancing internationally. Human capital, education, healthcare, poverty reduction and social protection are integral both to national development and to the global Sustainable Development Goals.

Demographic resilience: an emerging global agenda

One of the most important new themes advanced by Uzbekistan during the 81st session was demographic resilience.

In her General Assembly address, Saida Mirziyoyeva emphasised that a child represents the greatest responsibility of the state. Healthy births and quality education, she noted, determine not only an individual’s future but the future of society as a whole.

On 24 September, this idea received a practical follow-up in New York.

The Government of Uzbekistan, together with the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), convened the high-level event “Demographic Resilience and Human Capital: Investing in People-Centred Reforms for a Sustainable Future.”

The conceptual significance of the dialogue lies in the proposed shift from “demographic anxiety” to “demographic resilience.”

Changes in population size, age structure and geographic distribution have direct implications for economic growth, social protection, healthcare, labour markets, infrastructure and public finances. Integrating reliable demographic data into long-term planning is therefore becoming an essential element of effective public policy.

Another fundamental principle is that human rights and individual choice must remain at the centre of population policies. Concerns over population decline or ageing should not lead to coercive measures or policies focused exclusively on numerical targets.

Reducing gender inequalities, expanding opportunities to combine family responsibilities with employment, and improving access to childcare are also important components of demographic resilience.

The event provided a platform for exchanging policy solutions on adapting to demographic change and strengthening financial cooperation and partnerships among governments, international financial institutions and the United Nations system.

For Uzbekistan, this is also a strategic issue. A young and growing population represents a major opportunity, but it does not automatically translate into an economic advantage. Quality education, modern skills, healthcare, decent employment, gender equality and an effective social protection system are required to realise that potential.

Bringing demographic resilience to the UN agenda therefore represents another way in which Uzbekistan is connecting its national development priorities with an emerging global discussion.

The Aral Sea region: from a symbol of tragedy to a testing ground for solutions

Uzbekistan also proposed a new way of looking at the Aral Sea challenge.

It was emphasised that the Aral Sea did not disappear because of a natural disaster, but as a result of decades of misguided decisions and irresponsible treatment of nature.

Today, green areas are being created on the dried seabed and modern water-saving technologies are being introduced. Uzbekistan aims to increase the share of renewable energy to 54 per cent by 2030.

Yet the most significant conceptual proposal made from the UN rostrum was that the Aral Sea should no longer remain merely a symbol of environmental tragedy, but should become a testing ground for environmental solutions.

At Uzbekistan’s initiative, the UN General Assembly proclaimed 2027–2036 the United Nations Decade of Afforestation and Reforestation. The next task is to translate this international decision into tangible results.

This reflects an important trend in Uzbekistan’s diplomacy: rather than merely internationalising a national or regional problem, the country seeks to transform it into a platform for testing global solutions and sharing experience.

Artificial intelligence and human dignity

Uzbekistan also used the General Assembly platform to address another major issue of technological development — artificial intelligence.

The fundamental question was framed clearly: will technology serve people, or will people be forced to adapt to technology?

Uzbekistan’s position is that people and their future must remain at the centre of technological progress. Artificial intelligence cannot be separated from the principles of human rights, security, equal opportunity and accountability.

Uzbekistan therefore called for stronger international dialogue in this area.

AI governance today extends far beyond technology itself. It directly affects human rights, education, labour markets, security and global equality. This field may therefore become an important area for Uzbekistan’s future initiatives within the United Nations.

Rule of law and equal opportunities

The address also placed particular emphasis on the rule of law, public trust in the judiciary, and the empowerment of women.

It noted that Uzbekistan has eliminated child labour and systemic forced labour, strengthened accountability for domestic violence, and established a dedicated system to support women’s entrepreneurship. Women now account for 39 per cent of members of parliament.

Economic development, the rule of law and human rights were thus presented as mutually reinforcing and inseparable processes.

Enlightenment and tolerance

Modern information technologies bring societies closer together, but they can also spread hatred and stereotypes at unprecedented speed.

Against this background, the Center of Islamic Civilization established in Tashkent at the initiative of President Shavkat Mirziyoyev was presented not merely as a place for displaying historical heritage, but as a centre of knowledge, thought and enlightenment.

Uzbekistan expressed its intention to continue international cooperation aimed at strengthening intercultural and interfaith dialogue, enlightenment and tolerance.

This approach also reflects an expanding understanding of security. In the modern world, security is ensured not only through military means but also through education, culture, mutual respect and societies’ resilience to destructive ideas.

Uzbekistan and the UN: from dialogue to systemic partnership

The meetings held by the Uzbek delegation on the margins of the 81st session of the General Assembly provided a practical continuation of the country’s multilateral engagement.

Head of the Presidential Administration Saida Mirziyoyeva met with UN Secretary-General António Guterres. The sides discussed key areas of cooperation being jointly developed by Uzbekistan and the United Nations.

The significance of such dialogue is that Uzbekistan–UN relations are no longer confined to individual resolutions or events. Sustainable development, human capital, the environment, human rights, regional security and technological progress are increasingly being brought together within a single framework of cooperation.

The meetings in New York, the initiatives announced from the General Assembly rostrum, and the 24 September high-level dialogue on demographic resilience should therefore not be viewed as separate events. They are elements of a coherent approach taking shape in Uzbekistan’s multilateral diplomacy.

From initiative to impact

The central task now is not simply to increase the number of international initiatives, but to translate them into practical results.

Political dialogue in Central Asia should lead to deeper cooperation in trade, transport, water and energy. Decisions concerning the Aral Sea region should be reflected in improved quality of life and greater environmental resilience. New approaches to demographic resilience should contribute to long-term planning in education, healthcare, employment and social protection.

The principles advanced on artificial intelligence should, in turn, evolve into practical mechanisms capable of maintaining a balance between technological progress and human rights.

It is precisely at this point that the formula “from national initiatives to the global agenda” acquires its full meaning.

National experience should evolve into international initiatives; initiatives into multilateral decisions; and decisions into practical outcomes that improve people’s lives.

This is the essence of the position Uzbekistan presented at the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly.

Today, no country can find effective solutions to global challenges on its own. Multilateral cooperation is therefore becoming for Uzbekistan not simply one dimension of foreign policy, but a mechanism connecting national development, regional stability and global responsibility.

Uzbekistan’s chosen path is one of openness, good-neighbourliness and dialogue.

At the heart of that path is human dignity.

Jakhongir ISAEV,
Head of Department, NGO “Center for Sustainable Development”

The text of the article is in Uzbek language!

On February 21, under the chairmanship of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces Shavkat Mirziyoyev a meeting was held on strengthening military security and defense capacity of the state.

The meeting was attended by members of the Security Council, heads of ministries and departments within the Armed Forces of Uzbekistan, commanders of military districts, as well as the chairmen of the Jokargy Kenges and the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, regional and Tashkent city khokims, as well as responsible persons of local authorities in the videoconference format.

At the beginning of the meeting, the adopted measures on strengthening the country's defense capacity and their results were reviewed, certain shortcomings in this work were pointed out.

It was noted that the national army is being equipped with modern weapons and equipment, the level of combat and moral-psychological training of servicemen has significantly increased. 

In view of international experience and the analyses carried out, new combat units have been formed to prevent and eliminate internal and external threats, and the organizational structure of the troops has been optimized.

It was underlined that the creation of a new system of modernization and modern equipment of the army continues - the defense industry is developing and additional enterprises have been set up. The Armed Forces of Uzbekistan have established bilateral military cooperation with more than 20 countries and successfully participated in more than 400 joint exercises.

The infrastructure of higher military schools within the Armed Forces has been completely modernized, their curricula and methodology brought in line with modern requirements. 

The social and legal protection of servicemen and their families has been strengthened. In particular, about 30,000 families have been provided with housing, and more than 2,000 children of servicemen have received benefits when enrolling in higher educational institutions. 

Military administrative sectors, government and public organizations are involved in creating favourable conditions for homeland defenders. Attention to the issues of educating young people in the spirit of patriotism and initial pre-conscription military training in schools is being intensified.

The meeting identified priority tasks for 2025 and subsequent years. 

The need to consider contemporary armed conflicts, existing threats to national security and the peculiarities of the theater of military operations when planning for the further development of the army was emphasized. 

It has been indicated that artificial intelligence, robotic systems, missiles, drones and means of countering them are widely used in today's regional conflicts. In this connection, it has been instructed to create new units in the armed forces to combat drones, use robotic equipment, air defense, and cyber structures utilizing artificial intelligence technologies.

The Supreme Commander-in-Chief emphasized the need to further improve the combat readiness of the army, raise the level of combat training, create a unified automated troop management system using artificial intelligence technologies, as well as introduce dual training in military education and training of military personnel. 

Priority tasks have been set to improve the activities of the “Corps of Master Sergeants”, which is the backbone of the army, further develop the defense industry, provide social support to servicemen and their families, educate young people in the spirit of patriotism and involve them in military sports.

Reports and proposals by the Minister of Defense, commanders of military districts and other responsible persons were heard at the meeting.

You can read more details in the file below!

A study conducted by the Center for Economic Research and Reforms has revealed a large-scale transition of Uzbekistani households to energy-saving technologies. The widespread adoption of energy-efficient solutions has enabled nearly 90% of households to implement at least one measure to reduce energy costs.

One of the key changes has been the widespread adoption of energy-efficient solutions at the household level.

The most common practice has been the installation of LED lighting. Overall, 87% of households have switched to LED lighting. In some regions, such as the Republic of Karakalpakstan and Khorezm, Navoi, and Tashkent regions, this figure exceeded 90%.

A total of 44% of households improved the thermal insulation of windows and doors through the installation of plastic structures, with particularly high activity in Kashkadarya (84%), Bukhara (69%), and Khorezm (54%) regions.

Additionally, 31% of households purchased energy-efficient household appliances, with the highest shares observed in Jizzakh (60%), Navoi (59%), and the Republic of Karakalpakstan (54%).

There is also growing interest in the use of renewable energy sources. More than half of owner households expressed satisfaction with the results and interest in expanding generation capacity.

The analysis indicates that potential demand for solar panels among the population amounts to approximately 1.9 million households, opening prospects for the formation of a domestic market valued at over $2.3 bn.

At the same time, a share of consumption through less efficient heating sources remains, including outdated gas boilers and solid-fuel stoves.

Potential for Improving Building Energy Efficiency

According to estimates, insulating the exterior walls of apartment buildings, modernizing heating systems, and replacing doors and windows could yield savings of more than $60 mln per year.

According to the World Bank, similar potential exists in social facilities, healthcare institutions, preschools, and public schools. Targeted investments to improve the energy efficiency of these facilities could reduce energy consumption by 20–50%, equivalent to a reduction of up to 7.1 bn kWh per year.

Thus, the measures being implemented in Uzbekistan to enhance energy efficiency serve as an important driver of economic growth.

CERR Public Relations Sector
Tel.: (78) 150 02 02 (417)

Uzbekistan continues to strengthen its position as one of the most active hubs of cooperation between Central and South Asia. Changes in the global trade architecture, the restructuring of supply chains, and the growing importance of regional markets are increasing the significance of the South Asian direction.

South Asia, home to one of the world's largest consumer markets, substantial industrial potential, and rapidly expanding investment activity, is emerging as one of the key centers of the global economy.

Against this backdrop, Uzbekistan’s cooperation with South Asian countries is increasingly taking on a practical economic dimension. This involves the creation of sustainable mechanisms for trade, investment, and institutional cooperation capable of generating new growth opportunities for the entire region. Afghanistan occupies a special place in this process, serving as a bridge between Central and South Asia.

A practical manifestation of this transformation was the first interregional forum, the Termez Dialogue, held in May 2025 at the International Trade Center “Termez.” The forum became one of the most significant steps in implementing Uzbekistan’s initiative to strengthen connectivity between Central and South Asia, previously enshrined in a dedicated UNGA Resolution.

Discussions focused on trade and economic cooperation, investment, energy, food security, climate resilience, and Afghanistan’s integration into regional processes. The forum’s particular significance lay in its effort to establish a long-term platform for cooperation based on economic interdependence, openness, and shared development.

The decision to hold the Termez Dialogue on a regular basis effectively laid the groundwork for institutionalizing a new format of cooperation, with Termez emerging as one of the new geoeconomic platforms for engagement with South Asian countries.

Uzbekistan’s Trade with South Asia

Today, Uzbekistan is among the most active countries in the region in expanding trade, economic, and investment cooperation with South Asia.

The strengthening of interregional connectivity has been accompanied by growth in trade turnover, investment interaction, and business activity, reflecting a transition from limited cross-border cooperation to a broader model of economic integration.

Over the past 9 years (2016–2025), trade between Uzbekistan and South Asian countries increased 3.2 times, reaching $3.5 bn. Uzbekistan’s exports to the region tripled to $2 bn, while imports increased 4.1 times to $1.5 bn.

The main categories of Uzbekistan’s exports to South Asia include food products worth $976.4 mn (48.1%), mineral oils – $368 mn (18.1%), transport services – $277.8 mn (13.7%), industrial goods – $140.5 mn (6.9%), and chemical products – $134.9 mn (6.6%).

The main import categories from South Asian countries include chemical products worth $477.6 mn (32.2%), food products – $391.4 mn (26.4%), machinery and equipment – $309.1 mn (20.8%), other products – $99 mn (6.7%), and finished products – $67 mn (4.5%).

In 2025, the largest share of trade with South Asia was accounted for by Afghanistan. The predominance of Uzbek exports made Afghanistan a highly beneficial trade and economic partner, ranking first among South Asian countries in terms of Uzbekistan’s trade turnover, which reached $1.7 bn, or 47.7% of total trade with the region.

Food exports to Afghanistan amounted to $712.7 mn, while Afghanistan accounted for 75.5% of Uzbekistan’s food exports to South Asia.

Trade and economic cooperation between Uzbekistan and India has also expanded significantly in recent years. India ranked second among South Asian trading partners, with bilateral trade reaching $1.3 bn in 2025 (37.5% of total trade with the region).

India ranked second among Uzbekistan’s South Asian trading partners, with bilateral trade reaching $1.3 bn in 2025, accounting for 37.5% of Uzbekistan’s total trade with the region.

Pakistan ranked third, with trade turnover amounting to $445.9 mn, or 12.7% of Uzbekistan’s total trade with South Asia. In 2025, Uzbekistan’s exports to Pakistan consisted of food products worth $260.2 mn, industrial goods worth $21.2 mn, services worth $30.1 mn, and non-food raw materials worth $13.2 mn.

Imports from Pakistan in 2025 included food products worth $56.2 mn, chemical products worth $45.3 mn, industrial goods worth $6.4 mn, and various finished products worth $5.2 mn.

Over the past 9 years, the volume of foreign direct investment and loans attracted from South Asian countries to Uzbekistan totaled $1.3 bn, including $510 mn in 2025 alone. The largest contributions came from India ($586.7 mn) and Afghanistan ($519.2 mn).

Termez as a Hub of Interregional Connectivity

Termez occupies a special place in the development of Uzbekistan’s cooperation with South Asian countries. Located at the crossroads of Central and South Asia, the city serves as a trade, investment, and humanitarian hub connecting the two regions.

Historically, Termez played an important role in the system of interregional relations, situated at the intersection of the largest trade and civilizational spaces of Eurasia. Owing to its strategic geographic location, Termez linked India, Afghanistan, and Central Asia as early as ancient times, while during the Timurid era it was one of the region’s prominent administrative, commercial, and scientific centers.

The city’s current stage of development reflects the gradual restoration of this historical role under new geoeconomic conditions.

Since 2016, the Termez Cargo Center international logistics hub has been operating in the city, strategically located at the intersection of Afghanistan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan. In recent years, it has become one of the largest channels for delivering humanitarian assistance to Afghanistan through the mechanisms of the United Nations World Food Programme (WFP) and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR).

An additional impetus to regional development came with the opening of the Airitom International Trade Center in 2024, located in close proximity to the Afghan border. Today, the center is gradually evolving not only into a trading platform but also into a comprehensive geoeconomic hub bringing together logistics, business, educational, and humanitarian initiatives.

The center hosts a free trade zone with simplified business conditions for companies from South Asian countries. A visa-free regime has been introduced, transactions in foreign currencies are permitted, and entrepreneurs from Afghanistan and Pakistan have been granted the opportunity to conduct business within the complex. At the same time, social infrastructure, including educational and healthcare facilities, continues to develop.

At present, the Airitom International Trade Center covers 36 hectares, includes more than 3,000 retail outlets, and provides approximately 5,500 jobs. Since its opening, the center has been visited by more than 440,000 people, while annual exports have reached $1.2 bn.

Termez is also home to an educational institution for Afghan citizens, and a workforce development system is being expanded to support growing interregional cooperation.

In practice, Termez is becoming one of the key centers of economic interaction between Central and South Asia. The development of trade infrastructure, logistics, humanitarian projects, and business activity is strengthening economic ties between the two regions and enhancing Uzbekistan’s role in promoting interregional cooperation.

Against this backdrop, the Termez Dialogue is gaining importance as a permanent platform for aligning the long-term interests of the countries of Central and South Asia. The upcoming forum creates opportunities for advancing joint initiatives in trade, investment, food security, water resources, and sustainable development.

At the same time, the regular format of the Dialogue contributes to the development of a more sustainable model of interregional engagement based on pragmatic cooperation, economic interdependence, and the expansion of practical cooperation mechanisms between the two regions.

A New Economic Architecture of Connectivity

The significance of the Termez Dialogue extends beyond the framework of a traditional international forum. It reflects a broader transformation taking place across Eurasia, where regional connectivity, resilient supply chains, and economic cooperation are becoming increasingly important drivers of growth and stability.

For Uzbekistan, strengthening ties with South Asia represents not only an opportunity to diversify trade and investment flows but also a strategic instrument for enhancing the country’s role as a bridge between major regional markets.

The growing interconnectedness of Central and South Asia creates new opportunities for expanding trade routes, attracting investment, developing transport and logistics infrastructure, and strengthening cooperation in energy, agriculture, education, and human capital development.

Afghanistan occupies a central place within this emerging framework. Its integration into regional economic processes has the potential to transform it from a source of geopolitical uncertainty into an important transit, trade, and economic partner linking the two regions.

The development of practical cooperation mechanisms through platforms such as the Termez Dialogue may therefore contribute not only to economic growth but also to greater regional stability and long-term prosperity.

Through initiatives aimed at strengthening interregional connectivity, Uzbekistan is consistently promoting a vision of cooperation based on openness, mutual benefit, and shared development.

The experience of recent years demonstrates that expanding economic ties between Central and South Asia is no longer merely a political aspiration but an increasingly tangible economic reality supported by growing trade, rising investment flows, and expanding business engagement.

The institutionalization of the Termez Dialogue provides an important mechanism for sustaining this momentum. By bringing together governments, businesses, international organizations, and experts, the forum creates conditions for identifying common interests and developing coordinated approaches to regional challenges.

The continued development of trade infrastructure, logistics corridors, investment cooperation, and humanitarian initiatives centered around Termez further strengthens the city’s role as a gateway between Central and South Asia.

In this regard, the Termez Dialogue is evolving into a long-term platform for shaping a new model of regional cooperation – one based not on competition but on economic complementarity, interdependence, and shared prosperity.

As connectivity between the two regions deepens, Termez is increasingly positioned not only as a geographical crossroads but also as a strategic center of economic interaction capable of facilitating sustainable development across a vast part of Eurasia.

Ziyoda Rizaeva,
Center for Economic Research and Reforms

Uzbekistan and Finland possess significant potential to deepen their partnership in the areas of ecology, sustainable natural resource management, and climate change mitigation. Environmental institutions of both countries actively engage through international conferences, forums, and projects supported by international organizations and development banks.

One of the most notable examples of practical cooperation is the joint project between the Agency of Hydrometeorological Service of Uzbekistan, the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland and the Finnish Meteorological Institute. Valued at USD 2 million, the project aims to strengthen Uzbekistan’s hydrometeorological capacity, train specialists in modern forecasting methods for weather and natural disasters, and enhance climate services and adaptation measures to climate change.

To further expand bilateral cooperation, the Ministry of Ecology, Environmental Protection and Climate Change of Uzbekistan has identified several priority areas that could form the basis for a future Memorandum of Understanding with Finland.

One key area of collaboration could be sustainable forest management. Over 70% of Finland’s territory is covered by forests, which account for 0.5% of global timber reserves. Studying Finland’s experience in public-private partnerships in forestry and its effective mechanisms for conserving forest ecosystems could help Uzbekistan improve its own approaches to developing green zones and protecting natural territories.

Another promising area is circular economy development. Finland was among the first countries to adopt a national “roadmap” for transitioning to circular models of production and consumption. For Uzbekistan — which is currently developing a modern waste management and recycling system — learning from Finland’s sustainable production practices would be an important step toward achieving “green” growth.

Air quality management is also an area of great interest. Finland is recognized as one of the countries with the cleanest air in the world, thanks to its advanced monitoring systems and strict environmental regulations. Adopting Finnish technologies for tracking pollutants and reducing emissions could significantly improve air quality in Uzbekistan’s urban centers.

Particular attention is also given to climate action. Finland aims to achieve carbon neutrality by 2035 and its strategies for reducing emissions and adapting to climate challenges could serve as a valuable model for Uzbekistan in implementing its own climate commitments under the Paris Agreement.

An important area of focus is scientific and educational cooperation. The Ministry of Ecology of Uzbekistan is interested in establishing partnerships between Finnish universities and the Central Asian University of Environmental and Climate Change Studies (Green University). Academic exchange programs, joint research initiatives and the development of green educational technologies will contribute to training a new generation of environmental and climate specialists in the region.

Cooperation in biodiversity conservation and protected areas management is also of high importance. Finland allocates 13.3% of its territory for these purposes and plans to expand this figure to 30% by 2030. This experience holds great value for Uzbekistan, which is actively implementing a national program to expand its network of reserves and national parks.

The signing of a Memorandum of Cooperation between the Ministry of Ecology, Environmental Protection and Climate Change of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Ministry of the Environment and Climate of Finland would be a logical step toward strengthening this partnership. Joint initiatives between the two countries will help combine innovation and scientific expertise in pursuit of a shared goal — protecting nature, enhancing climate resilience, and building a sustainable and environmentally secure future.

Anvar Tursunaliyev,

Chief specialist Department of international cooperation

and rankings of the Ministry of Ecology,

Environmental Protection and Climate Change

The President of Uzbekistan signed the Constitutional Law “On the Tashkent International Financial Center”.

In the legal hierarchy of the state, a Constitutional Law ranks immediately after the Constitution. This means that no agency, no instruction and no by-law may contradict its provisions. For an investor, especially an international one, this is the highest form of legal guarantee: capital flows to where it cannot be taken away tomorrow.

The signing of the Constitutional Law was accompanied by amendments to the Basic Law and dozens of legislative acts — the Criminal, Civil, Tax and Customs Codes, as well as laws on banks, securities, investment, auditing and many others.

Article 15 of the Constitution has been supplemented with a provision stating that a special legal regime may be established in special zones within the country's unified legal space. This legitimizes the existence of the TIFC as a jurisdiction with different rules within Uzbekistan, without contradicting the Basic Law.

Article 131 of the Constitution has been supplemented with a provision allowing for the establishment of specialized courts in zones with a special legal regime, which forms the constitutional basis for the Tashkent International Commercial Court.

The Tashkent International Financial Center is being established as an independent entity with clearly defined boundaries that cannot be arbitrarily reduced once it becomes operational.

The legal system of the TIFC is based on English law and the principles of equity of England and Wales. This is the very system under which the world’s largest financial centers operate. It is familiar and well understood by global banks, investment funds and multinational corporations. In other words, it is the language of international capital.

All decisions taken by the center's bodies are published in the official register in English, which is an important signal for foreign participants. The translation barrier, which often becomes a source of dispute, is eliminated here from the outset.

Particular attention should be paid to the establishment, within the TIFC, of the Tashkent International Commercial Court, which will become an institution of trust. The court enjoys full independence, and no agency or state body has the right to instruct it or interfere in its activities. Judges may be citizens of any state — specialists in international trade law, finance, technology and arbitration — which opens the way to attracting judges of international standing and reputation.

It is also important that the rulings of the Tashkent International Commercial Court are binding throughout the territory of Uzbekistan and cannot be reviewed by the country’s ordinary state courts, except in strictly defined cases. The court consists of a court of first instance and a court of appeal.

The law establishes a clear and exhaustive list of protective mechanisms for TIFC participants. First and foremost is the prohibition on confiscation, nationalization, expropriation and the freezing of assets other than by court order and strictly in accordance with the law.

Participants of the Tashkent International Financial Center are guaranteed freedom of capital movement and the right to conduct transactions in foreign currency and digital assets within the limits established by the Financial Services Authority together with the Central Bank of Uzbekistan. The right to freely repatriate capital is also provided for — that is, the ability to transfer profits abroad without administrative obstacles.

A separate set of provisions sets out the tax and customs regime. The TIFC's bodies and the structures under their control are exempt from corporate income tax and the social tax. This benefit is fixed until 1 January 2076 — that is, for 50 years. This is not a tactical incentive but a strategic guarantee designed to span a change of generations.

The list of services that participants may provide within the center covers the entire spectrum of the modern financial industry. These include banking and insurance activities, management of investment and pension funds, trust structures, leasing, crowdfunding, Islamic finance, work with digital assets, market-making, and transactions with securities of all classes — shares, bonds, sukuk and derivatives.

In addition to the financial sector, activity is permitted in auditing, consulting, legal and accounting services, corporate governance, and financial-technology (fintech) startups. Provision is also made for the establishment of holding companies, special-purpose vehicles and treasury companies.

The law also establishes a special visa regime for foreign nationals working at the Tashkent International Financial Center. An entry visa valid for up to five years can be obtained directly at Tashkent International Airport. Foreign specialists may be hired without obtaining work permits in Uzbekistan, which significantly simplifies the recruitment of global talent.

The Tashkent International Financial Center is governed through four bodies: the TIFC Council, the Administration, the Financial Services Authority, and the Tashkent International Commercial Court. Each operates within strictly defined powers and has no right to interfere in the sphere of competence of another.

The composition of the Council is approved by the President of Uzbekistan. At least one-third of the Council's members must be independent specialists in international finance and law who have never held positions within the government system of Uzbekistan. This serves as a safeguard against the governing body turning into just another administrative structure.

Council members (other than the chairperson) are appointed for a term of five years and may be removed early only on grounds provided for by law. The stability of the governing body's composition is another form of predictability for market participants.

Thus, the creation of the Tashkent International Financial Center is not merely another economic development project. It is a declaration of intent, enshrined at the highest legal level. Uzbekistan wants — and is ready — to become part of the global financial system as a fully-fledged platform operating under clear, internationally recognized standards.

Half a century of tax incentives, English law, an independent international court, constitutional guarantees for the protection of capital, and simplified visa procedures — each of these elements is, on its own, a competitive advantage. Together, they form a system capable of attracting long-term, institutional, smart capital.

Dildora Kamalova
Member of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of Uzbekistan

(Dunyo IA)

President of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev arrived in the Azerbaijani city of Gabala to participate in the summit of the Organization of Turkic States (OTS).

Due to its geographical position, historical ties, and natural resources, the Organization of Turkic States is becoming an increasingly significant platform for cooperation at this new stage of development. At the same time, OTS serves as a cultural bridge, fostering closer ties between the peoples of its member countries.

The Organization is based on the principles of equality and mutual interest, non-interference in internal affairs, and respect for the sovereignty of states - principles widely recognized by the international community.

The OTS comprises five member states: Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkiye, and Uzbekistan. Hungary, Turkmenistan, and the Economic Cooperation Organization hold observer status.

The current name of the Organization was introduced on November 12, 2021, at the initiative of the President of Uzbekistan. Previously, it was known as the Cooperation Council of Turkic Speaking States.

The primary goal of the OTS is to strengthen trust and multifaceted ties among the brotherly nations, to promote cooperation in trade, economy, energy, transport, tourism, cultural and humanitarian spheres, and to coordinate efforts to ensure peace and security in the region.

The conceptual foundation for achieving these objectives is the “Turkic Vision – 2040” program, adopted following the Eighth Summit of Heads of State held in Istanbul in November 2021.

For Uzbekistan, which joined the Organization in 2019, participation has become an important step not only in strengthening economic and political ties but also in preserving and developing the shared cultural identity of the Turkic world.

Uzbekistan chaired the OTS in 2022–2023, beginning with the Samarkand Summit in November 2022 under the motto “A New Era of Turkic Civilization: Towards Common Development and Prosperity”.

During its chairmanship, more than 100 events were held, and new platforms for practical cooperation were created. Uzbekistan pursued an open, inclusive, and diverse model of interaction, embracing various regions and civilizations.

The adoption of the “OTS Strategy for 2022–2026” at the Samarkand Summit became a major milestone. This document marked the first roadmap for the implementation of the “Turkic Vision – 2040” concept.

President Shavkat Mirziyoyev has actively participated in OTS summits since Uzbekistan joined the Organization. In particular, he took part in the meetings of the Council of Heads of State on November 6, 2024, in Bishkek and May 21, 2025, in Budapest.

These meetings focused on the current state and future prospects of multilateral cooperation, as well as key issues of practical partnership.

In his address at the informal summit in Budapest, the President emphasized the complexity of today’s geopolitical and geo-economic situation, the intensification of regional conflicts, and the impact of climate change.

He stressed the importance of resolving international issues based on international law and the UN Charter, and the need for common positions and coordinated approaches among member states.

Speaking about the development of practical cooperation within the OTS, the President noted the enormous untapped potential and put forward several new initiatives.

Particular importance is attached to Uzbekistan’s proposal to sign a Treaty on Strategic Partnership, Eternal Friendship, and Brotherhood among the Turkic States, which would represent a significant step toward deeper unity and the creation of a long-term legal foundation for multilateral cooperation.

“Last year, we proposed developing a treaty on strategic partnership, eternal friendship, and brotherhood among the Turkic states. Today, the significance of this document is growing. Undoubtedly, it will promote further unity among our peoples and solidify the long-term legal framework for multilateral cooperation. I propose signing this document at the summit in Baku”, - the President stated.

Since 2019, President Shavkat Mirziyoyev has put forward 98 practical initiatives at OTS summits aimed at advancing multilateral cooperation. More than 70 have already been implemented, and about 30 are in the process of realization.

For Uzbekistan, the main priority within the OTS is the economy. The country is currently focused on boosting exports, attracting investment, creating jobs, addressing unemployment, and reducing poverty. All these goals are closely tied to global economic integration, where the OTS format can support further coordination and development of production chains.

The total area of the OTS member states is approximately 4.2 million square kilometers, with a combined population of over 170 million - representing vast opportunities and a substantial market.

Under existing agreements, the OTS is viewed as an effective mechanism for regional cooperation with great integrative potential. Trade and economic indicators between member states are growing every year.

Today, OTS countries collectively rank third - after China and Russia - among Uzbekistan’s external trade partners. In 2024, mutual trade volume reached nearly $10 billion, accounting for about 15% of the country's total foreign trade.

Trade relations with Kazakhstan - Uzbekistan’s largest trade partner within the OTS - and Turkiye - the second largest - are showing particularly strong growth. By the end of 2024, trade turnover with Kazakhstan reached $4.28 billion, and with Turkiye, $2.9 billion.

Trade with Azerbaijan also continues to show positive dynamics. Notably, mutual trade volumes with OTS partners are setting new records each year.

Uzbekistan’s key exports to OTS markets include textiles, electrical products, automobiles, fruits and vegetables, and non-ferrous metals. Imports from OTS countries consist of rolled metal, aluminum, mechanical tools, construction materials, petroleum products, and a significant portion of grain and other food items.

To maintain and accelerate this positive trend, it is crucial to implement President Shavkat Mirziyoyev’s initiatives, including the creation of the “TURK-TRADE” online platform to facilitate and speed up trade operations, and the adoption of a Program of Practical Measures to Expand Trade aimed at increasing mutual trade volumes.

Industrial cooperation is also a vital area. Uzbekistan is actively supporting the development of this sector and promoting the establishment of new enterprises with capital from OTS countries. This year, the number of such enterprises is expected to reach approximately 4 thousand, representing a 60% increase compared to 2019. Their share in the total number of foreign-capital enterprises in Uzbekistan is projected to reach approximately 20%.

Transport cooperation is receiving special attention. OTS countries are steadily increasing their role in global transit. In 2024, freight traffic through the Middle Corridor reached 4.5 million tons - almost six times more than in 2020. This growth underscores the strategic importance of infrastructure projects like the China–Kyrgyzstan–Uzbekistan railway.

Member countries are also working to ensure secure and reliable transport and energy corridors across the Caucasus and Central Asia. These efforts not only facilitate trade expansion but also contribute to economic independence and regional prosperity.

Uzbekistan is actively involved in cultural and historical heritage preservation and promotion. In education, the country supports student and scholar exchange programs, strengthens cooperation between universities and research centers of Turkic states, and promotes joint academic initiatives and knowledge-sharing platforms. Key areas of Uzbekistan’s proposals also include projects in energy and environmental protection.

In conclusion, President Shavkat Mirziyoyev's participation in the OTS summit in Azerbaijan will be another important step in advancing forward-looking initiatives for the development of the Turkic world and strengthening peace and stability in the region. This visit will also serve as a new impetus for the consolidation of unity and the enhancement of the well-being of the peoples of the Turkic states.

May 13. /Dunyo IA/. Uzbekistan has nominated its candidacy for the Chair of the UN Tourism Comission for Europe (CEU) for the 2025–2027 term.

This marks the first time in its history that Uzbekistan has put forward a candidate for this prestigious position, underscoring the country’s growing engagement in global tourism affairs and the high level of trust it has earned within international tourism bodies.

The UN Tourism Comission for Europe consists of 41 member countries from Europe as well as Central and Western Asia. It plays a pivotal role in shaping tourism policy across the region, promoting regional cooperation, and advancing sustainable and inclusive tourism development.

The 71st meeting of the Commission will be held on June 4–6, 2025, in Baku, Azerbaijan. During this session, elections are scheduled to take place for the Chair of the CEU for the 2025–2027 term.

Uzbekistan’s nomination for this position is viewed as recognition of the country’s consistent reforms in the tourism sector, its practical efforts to strengthen regional cooperation, and its contribution to the development of sustainable and inclusive tourism.

If elected, Uzbekistan intends to promote new initiatives aimed at positioning Central Asia as a unified tourism destination, developing cross-border routes, widely implementing digital solutions, and enhancing regional dialogue within the framework of the United Nations World Tourism Organization.

Dear compatriots!

I cordially congratulate you, the multinational people of Uzbekistan on the coming New Year 2025.

Despite the difficult situation in the world, the outgoing year has been prosperous for our country.

Thanks to the selfless labor, socio-political activity of our people, the idea of New Uzbekistan is becoming a reality.

The past elections to the Oliy Majlis and local councils have reaffirmed that we have entered a new stage of democratic reforms.

New high-tech industrial complexes, infrastructure and logistics networks, roads and railroads have been built in the country, business, IT and tourism spheres are developing. The incomes and quality of life of the population are increasing.

Our skillful dehkans and farmers, clusters have harvested rich crops. The whole country is being improved.

Kindergartens and schools, universities, cultural and sports facilities are being built. Thousands of our compatriots are welcoming the New Year in new homes.

Our energetic, enterprising young people are achieving success in all spheres. Their record achievements at the Olympic and Paralympic Games have opened a new page in the history of national sport.

The role and influence of civil society institutions, including the mahalla, are being strengthened. The sphere of spirituality and enlightenment is developing. Our country's initiatives of global significance are receiving broad support.

Uzbekistan's authority in the international arena as a competitive country and a reliable partner is growing.

All this has become possible thanks to sustainable development, the atmosphere of friendship and harmony in our society.

On this festive evening, I express my sincere gratitude to you, my dear ones, to all our people-creators for your conscientious labor and service to the Motherland.

Dear friends!

We have declared 2025 the Year of Environmental Protection and Green Economy.

Our main goal is to create a sustainable balance between the economic system and our environment. We will create even greater business opportunities.

We will resolutely continue to work to ensure the inviolability of private property and actively attract foreign investment.

The focus will be on the social sphere, increasing wages, pensions, scholarships and benefits.

We will mobilize all forces and opportunities to bring up our children harmoniously developed, with modern knowledge and professions.

We will increase attention to the development of science, education, health care, culture, art and sports.

We will continue to prioritize the care of veterans, women and youth, as well as improving the effectiveness of social protection.

We will raise to a new level the work on strengthening the potential of our Armed Forces, support for servicemen and their families.

In a word, all together, united, we will act to realize the main principle - “In the name of man, in the name of his happiness!”.

Dear friends!

Once again, I sincerely congratulate you - our compatriots abroad, as well as partners and friends of Uzbekistan around the world - on this wonderful holiday.

I wish you health, happiness, prosperity and well-being to every family, to our beloved Motherland!

May all our good dreams and hopes come true!

May our native Uzbekistan prosper!

Happy New Year to you, my dear ones!



Shavkat Mirziyoyev,

President of the Republic of Uzbekistan

Labor force migration is a natural process worldwide. In Uzbekistan, purposeful work is being carried out to safely and orderly send such citizens abroad. The Agency for External Labor Migration has sent 70,000 people to developed countries for this purpose in the past two years.

We all know that those who want to work abroad also incur certain expenses. Therefore, migrants partially reimburse the costs of a work visa, travel ticket, foreign language, and qualification assessment. It is established that a citizen who has obtained international or equivalent certification in a foreign language is reimbursed 50% of the language learning costs.

Among all the positive work carried out in this area, there is a noted development of significant cooperation with the International Organization for Migration in protecting migrant rights, as well as with developed countries. Systematic work is underway to develop the Concept of the State Policy of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the field of migration until 2030, envisaging the achievement of criteria for guaranteed equality in the social protection of labor migrants.

Emphasizing that the Ministry of Employment and Labor Relations has established contracts between the External Labor Migration Agency and 25 German companies, Uzbek citizens are being temporarily employed in various fields. Discussions are also underway with another five companies. In the past three years alone, 821 Uzbek citizens have been sent to Germany for temporary work, while 1,670 citizens are currently undergoing training to continue their work activities in this country.

In this way, cooperation in the field of labor migration between Uzbekistan and Germany is actively developing, ensuring the preparation of our citizens for work, providing professional training and language learning opportunities, and creating favorable conditions for employment.

The External Labor Migration Agency has been holding discussions on labor migration issues with several countries in 2024, such as Great Britain, Hungary, and Slovakia, highlighting the increasing importance of these efforts.

In addition to the above, under the initiative of President Shavkat Mirziyoyev, each returning labor migrant is provided with a subsidy of 500,000 soums per month from the Labor Support Fund for one year. It is estimated that approximately 100 billion soums will be allocated to these measures for a year.

Assisting returning migrants in finding employment is also being considered as an important issue, and based on the Saykhunabad experience, financial support is provided for the production of goods and income generation, as well as other types of labor services. Medical facilities may also provide free medical checks for returning migrants and their family members. Additionally, starting from October 15, 2023, "Inson" Social Service Centers have been established in the Republic of Uzbekistan to provide social assistance to children whose parents work abroad, which is a significant step.

It is important to note that today, not only state organizations but also non-governmental organizations play a significant role in regulating and supporting labor migration. In this regard, it is relevant to mention educational courses and service organizations providing assistance in collaboration with the External Labor Migration Agency.

In short, a safe, orderly, and legal system for labor migration has been established in Uzbekistan, creating new mechanisms for citizens wishing to go abroad. It encompasses three main stages: The first stage involves organizing preparatory work for citizens intending to work abroad. Vocational and language training is conducted in 14 "Job Placement" service centers nationwide, 30 vocational training centers, 136 communities, 24 colleges, and 13 technical colleges.

Second stage: Providing legal and social assistance to labor migrants abroad. For this purpose, agencies dealing with labor migration issues have been established in several countries to provide services to Uzbek citizens working abroad. Labor Migration Affairs Attachés have been appointed at Uzbekistan's Embassies.

Third stage: Assisting in the reintegration of labor migrants returning to Uzbekistan. Inspectors at the Labor Support Centers are engaged in activities aimed at the reintegration of labor migrants returning to the country.

In conclusion, it is essential to emphasize that appropriate measures are being taken to ensure suitable working conditions and social protection for Uzbek citizens engaged in labor activities abroad. Collaboration with our foreign partners continues on all relevant migration issues. Systematic efforts are being made to further develop initiatives related to the professional orientation and language proficiency of labor migrants.

Bobomurod Yarashev,

teacherof the University of

Public Safety of the Republic of Uzbekistan