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CULTURE — THE TREE OF A NATION'S TRUST UZBEKISTAN — THE UNITED STATES
CULTURE — THE TREE OF A NATION'S TRUST UZBEKISTAN — THE UNITED STATES

Culture is one of the most powerful forces that brings nations closer together and strengthens mutual trust between countries. It is the face of a nation, the reflection of its spiritual identity, its history and future, and the cradle of centuries-old values. Today, relations between countries are shaped not only by economic interests but also by cultural and humanitarian cooperation, which gives international partnerships new meaning and significance.

In recent years, Uzbekistan's international cultural ties have expanded considerably as a result of the country's open and pragmatic foreign policy. The recognition of cultural diplomacy by the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan as one of the key instruments of foreign policy has significantly strengthened the country's presence in the global cultural arena. In this context, cultural cooperation with the United States occupies a special place.

Over the past several years, bilateral relations have steadily developed on the basis of this very principle. Cooperation in culture, education, academic exchange, and the preservation of cultural heritage has become an integral part of the partnership between the two countries. This demonstrates that Uzbekistan–U.S. relations are entering a new stage of strategic cooperation.

Turning to specific examples, cultural exchanges between the two countries have intensified since 2017. Concerts and master classes held in Tashkent with the participation of American conductors, musicians, and professors opened a new chapter in professional exchange between the musical communities of Uzbekistan and the United States. These visits contributed to the development of national artistic traditions and contemporary performance practices while creating new opportunities for future generations of musicians.

That same year, the American ensemble Gina Chavez Band performed at the 11th International Music Festival "Sharq Taronalari" ("Melodies of the East") held in Samarkand, the spiritual capital of Uzbekistan.

The festival provided American artists with a unique opportunity to become acquainted with the rich musical heritage of Central Asia. The band's subsequent participation in the International Jazz Festival in Uzbekistan demonstrated that cultural dialogue between the two countries has evolved into sustained and long-term cooperation rather than remaining a one-time initiative.

Education has become another important pillar of cultural cooperation. In 2017, professors from the Michigan State University College of Music conducted master classes at the State Conservatory of Uzbekistan. Later, in 2022, cooperation was established between the R. Glière Specialized Music School and Bemidji State University in Minnesota. These initiatives created new opportunities for young musicians while laying the foundation for long-term academic partnerships between educational institutions in both countries.

It is worth emphasizing that Uzbekistan's open foreign policy has significantly expanded the country's participation in the international cultural landscape. Prestigious international festivals held in Samarkand, Khiva, Bukhara, Kokand, Nukus, Namangan, and Andijan have not only showcased Uzbekistan's rich cultural heritage but have also strengthened humanitarian dialogue with countries around the world.

A remarkable example of cultural diplomacy in practice was the U.S. government's grant of USD 150,000 in 2019 for the restoration of the Tosh Hovli Palace in Khiva. The subsequent visit of representatives of the Smithsonian Institution further confirmed the continuity of cooperation in the field of cultural heritage preservation. During their visit, the delegation explored the historic city of Khiva and highly praised the cultural and historical significance of Uzbekistan's ancient cities.

Since 2020, cultural relations have become even more diverse. A special project launched in the United States to study traditional Uzbek dance, together with the regular participation of American specialists in the International Lazgi Festival in Khiva, the International Charity Arts Festivals in Nukus and Gulistan, the International Handicrafts Festival in Kokand, and the "Echoes of the World" Forum in Andijan, demonstrates the expanding scope and growing depth of cultural dialogue between the two nations.

This evolution reveals an important trend. While cooperation initially focused primarily on concerts and festivals, it has gradually expanded to include education, restoration, cultural heritage preservation, traditional crafts, dance, maqom music, and many other fields. This reflects the systematic development of bilateral cooperation and the emergence of a more comprehensive partnership.

Culture is not only a spiritual value but also a key component of the creative economy. Through cinema, music, tourism, handicrafts, and international festivals, countries strengthen their economic potential while promoting innovation and cultural exchange. From this perspective, cultural cooperation between Uzbekistan and the United States creates new opportunities for the development of creative industries in both countries.

Furthermore, the participation of American representatives in the International Bakhshi Art Festival in Khiva and the Third International Maqom Art Forum held in Namangan under the auspices of UNESCO and ICESCO has contributed to the international promotion of Uzbekistan's intangible cultural heritage. Such participation enhances the global recognition of Uzbek culture while fostering greater interest among the American public in Uzbekistan's rich artistic traditions.

This year, one of the most significant events was the meeting of the Ministers of Culture of the Central Asian countries and the United States, held in Tashkent. During the meeting, participants discussed prospects for expanding cultural and humanitarian cooperation, including the development of creative industries, digital cultural initiatives, professional exchanges, and collaboration in cinema, theatre, literature, and music.

At the conclusion of the meeting, the participants signed the Joint Statement of the Council of Ministers of Culture on the Preservation of Cultural Heritage, adopted within the framework of the C5+1 Summit held in Washington, D.C. In addition, Uzbekistan's Minister of Culture, Ozodbek Nazarbekov, met with Kazakhstan's Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Culture and Information, Aida Balayeva, to discuss further strengthening bilateral cooperation in literature and theatre.

In conclusion, culture has become one of the most enduring pillars of international relations. Political circumstances may change, and economic priorities may evolve, but cultural ties remain deeply rooted in the hearts, minds, and shared memory of peoples.

Culture is a spiritual bridge connecting a nation's past with its present and its present with its future. Every investment in culture is, in essence, an investment in people, in the future of nations, and in lasting peace. The cultural partnership between Uzbekistan and the United States serves precisely these noble purposes. The seeds of trust being planted today will grow into a strong tree of friendship between our peoples tomorrow. Under its branches, future generations, creative professionals, and representatives of diverse fields will come together, contributing through culture and the arts to the prosperity of both nations.

The development of Uzbek-Azerbaijani cooperation
The development of Uzbek-Azerbaijani cooperation

   Azerbaijan is located at the crossroads of East-West and North-South transport corridors and has a favorable geostrategic position.
   Reconstruction of roads and railroads, construction of international airports in Baku and regions, Baku International Sea Trade Port, development of East-West and North-South transport corridors have played an important role in the development of transport infrastructure not only in Azerbaijan, but also in the entire region.
   In turn, relations between Uzbekistan and Azerbaijan are rapidly developing in all spheres - from politics to economy. One of the key areas of bilateral interaction is transportation and logistics. This cooperation plays an important role not only for the two countries, but also for the whole Eurasia, opening new transit corridors between East and West.
   For Uzbekistan, as a landlocked country, access to international transportation routes is vital.
   In this regard, Azerbaijan is becoming a key partner, providing access to the Caucasus and further to Europe, while the free trade regime, which has been in force between our countries since 1996, opens up the possibility of unimpeded entry of domestic products into the markets of partners.
   Thus, the volume of cargo transportation between Uzbekistan and Azerbaijan by the end of 2024 was more than 100 thousand tons, with an increase of 5% in relation to the previous year.
   It is gratifying that our two countries have established fruitful work in the field of aviation. In turn, Uzbek-Azerbaijani relations in the field of aviation are regulated by the Agreement on air communication and cooperation in the field of air transport dated 27.05.1996, as well as memorandums and protocols of consultations signed between the aviation authorities of the two countries. It should be noted that during the past period Uzbekistan's air navigation service provider has joined the Regional Platform on Air Navigation Safety Coordination for Europe and Asia, and since December 21, 2023 Uzbekistan has officially become a member of the association established by air navigation service providers of Turkey and Azerbaijan.
   Over the past 2 years, the number of flights between Uzbekistan and Azerbaijan has increased 2 times per week. Currently on the Tashkent-Baku route regularly operates 8 flights per week.
   In addition, the Parties attach great importance to the joint development of logistics infrastructure. In particular, the Baku International Sea Port in Alyat and the free economic zone located there open new opportunities for Uzbek companies.
   In order to significantly develop cargo transportation in this direction in the interests of Uzbekistan, the issue of acquiring 2 vessels for transportation on the Caspian Sea is being worked out.

   Cooperation with colleagues from Azerbaijan is underway in this direction.
   “Uzbekiston Railways” and Azerbaijan Railways are intensifying cooperation in the field of container transportation, increasing throughput capacity and introduction of digital solutions in logistics. In turn, Uzbek-Azerbaijani relations in the field of railway transport are regulated by the Agreement on mutual relations in the field of international railway communication of 27.05.1996, the Agreement on measures to further deepen cooperation in the field of railway transport and development of combined transportation of 11.09.2008.
   Speaking of cooperation in this direction, it is important to mention the Protocol signed during the meeting of the heads of railroads of five countries - Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan on the formation of an international multimodal route “Asia-Pacific Countries - China-Kyrgyzstan - Uzbekistan - Turkmenistan - Azerbaijan - Georgia - Turkey - Europe” (CASCA+). On December 17, 2021 Turkey joined this Protocol, and the Protocol of the six-party meeting was signed between the parties.
   These documents provide for the organization of multimodal transportation of container block-train from China to Europe along the Trans-Caspian route with the provision of discounts for railway transportation in the amount of up to 70%.
   In 2024 through the port of Baku (Middle Corridor) the total volume of cargo transportation of Uzbekistan amounted to more than 1 million tons with an increase of 26 % in relation to the previous year.
   In the implementation of the above projects, the time requirement is to strengthen the introduction of digital technologies in the process of international freight transportation.
   In December 2022, the first transportation under the E-TIR system in full compliance with the 11th Annex to the TIR Convention between Uzbekistan and Azerbaijan took place.
   Starting from March 2025, fully switched to electronic exchange of E-PERMIT permit forms.
 
   New directions of possible interaction between Uzbekistan and Azerbaijan.
   1. In the current geopolitical situation, there is a tendency of transition from traditional transportation routes to alternative, more reliable, involving the use of different modes of transport, which contributes to the growing attractiveness of multimodal transportation.
   Despite the limited access to the main world ports, Uzbekistan can fully develop the transport and logistics industry through the formation of land transport corridors, developing them throughout the Eurasian region.
   There are promising transportation projects that could become a huge impetus in the integration of the transportation system of Central Asia, the Caucasus, Europe and Asia.
   Among such projects are the China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan and Uzbekistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan railroad projects.
   The development of the above two projects will lead to an increase in the transit potential of the countries of the Central Asian region, the Caucasus and the formation of new multimodal transport and transit digital corridors:
   “APR countries - China - Kyrgyzstan - Uzbekistan - Turkmenistan - Azerbaijan - Georgia - Turkey - EU”;
   “SEA countries - Pakistan - Afghanistan - Uzbekistan - Kazakhstan - Azerbaijan - Georgia (Black Sea ports) - EU”.
   2. Uzbekistan's cooperation with Azerbaijan is strengthened
   Within such international platforms as CIS, Organization of Turkic States, Economic Cooperation Organization, TRACECA and others.
   Thus, transport and logistics cooperation between Uzbekistan and Azerbaijan goes beyond bilateral relations - it becomes an important link in the formation of a new Eurasian transport map. Given the geographical location of both countries, their interaction plays a key role in ensuring sustainable and diversified routes between the East and the West.
 
Bekzod Kholmatov
Director of the Center for the Study of Transport Problems
 
Shokhjakhon Shikhnazarov
Chief Specialist of the Center for the Study of Transport Problems

UNESCO Executive Board unanimously approves the initiative of Uzbekistan to protect cultural heritage
UNESCO Executive Board unanimously approves the initiative of Uzbekistan to protect cultural heritage

UNESCO Executive Board has unanimously approved the draft decision proposed by Uzbekistan, titled “Enhancing the Effectiveness of Measures to Preserve Cultural Heritage in the Face of Globalization and Climate Change”.

Decision was adopted at the organization's headquarters in Paris during the 225th session of the Executive Board. The initiative was put forward by the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Shavkat Mirziyoyev, on October 30th last year at the opening of the 43rd session of the UNESCO General Conference in Samarkand.

Adopted document is aimed at strengthening international cooperation in protecting tangible and intangible cultural heritage from modern global challenges: climate change, natural disasters, rapid urbanization and socio-economic transformations.

It provides for the development of interaction among UNESCO member states, international organizations, and the scientific community, the improvement of risk prevention and management mechanisms, as well as the expansion of the exchange of scientific knowledge and best practices.

One of the key outcomes was the approval of Uzbekistan's proposal to host the International Symposium on the Preservation of Cultural Heritage in the Face of Globalization and Climate Change in Khiva in 2027, in cooperation with UNESCO.

Event is expected to bring together leading experts from various countries, representatives of international organizations, research institutions, and the expert community. The participants will discuss ways to prevent threats to cultural sites, application of modern technologies, preservation of traditional knowledge and enhancement of the professional capacity of specialists.

Following the symposium, it is planned to prepare practical recommendations for improving the methods of protection and management of cultural heritage, taking into account national specifics and international experience.

Uzbekistan’s initiative received the support of 54 UNESCO member states, which co-sponsored the draft decision. Among them are China, Spain, Greece, Portugal, Türkiye, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Azerbaijan and other countries across Asia, Europe, Africa and Latin America.

Representatives of the states noted the relevance of the proposal and its alignment with UNESCO’s priorities. They emphasized that threats associated with climate change and globalization affect countries regardless of their geographical location and level of economic development, thus requiring coordinated international action.

Furthermore, the delegations welcomed the readiness of Uzbekistan to host the symposium in Khiva, one of the historical and cultural centers of the Great Silk Road. Holding of the event, according to their assessments, will create additional opportunities for exchanging experience, developing professional ties and formulating joint solutions.

Symposium in Khiva in 2027 is expected to continue the work initiated within the framework of the 43rd session of the UNESCO General Conference in Samarkand, serving as a platform for developing practical approaches to protecting cultural heritage in the face of global challenges.

 

Dunyo IA

Paris

February demonstrated a noticeable acceleration in business activity in Uzbekistan
February demonstrated a noticeable acceleration in business activity in Uzbekistan

The Business Activity Index (BAI), estimated by the Center for Economic Research and Reforms, reached 1124 points in February 2026, increasing by 12.4% compared with the previous month (and by 24.2% compared with the same period last year, Chart No.1).

In February of the current year, the following changes were observed across the BAI components:

  • the component reflecting the number of transactions on business entities’ bank accounts increased by 22%;
  • the intensity of raw material purchases on the commodity exchange rose by 10.6%;
  • the component reflecting active business entities increased by 0.9%;
  • the trademark component grew by 9.4%.

In February 2026, the BAI also increased in 13 regions compared with the previous month (Chart No.2).

 

In particular, notable growth was observed in Andijan region (44.8%), Syrdarya region (41.7%), Tashkent region (33.3%), and Kashkadarya region (28.2%).

At the same time, in the Republic of Karakalpakstan the indicator slightly declined by 0.5%, remaining at a moderate level.

Banking operations

 

During the reporting period, the number of interbank payment transactions reached 6,760.3 thousand, increasing by 1,220.5 thousand transactions (22%) compared with January 2026.

An increase in interbank payment operations was recorded in 12 regions. In particular, a significant rise in banking operations between legal entities compared with the previous month was observed in Tashkent city (24.1%), Surkhandarya region (23.3%), Samarkand region (21.4%), and Navoi region (17.7%).

At the same time, this indicator declined in Syrdarya region (8.1%) and the Republic of Karakalpakstan (1.6%).

Exchange component

 

In February of the current year, the exchange component of the BAI reached 1.1058 points, increasing by 10.6% compared with the previous month.

This reflected a 36.2% increase in the number of transactions concluded, while the average volume of goods purchased per transaction declined by 15.1%.

The total turnover of goods traded on the UzEx amounted to 6,296 billion soums in February 2026, which is 6.5% higher than in the previous month.

Component of active business entities

 

During the reporting period, this component amounted to 1.0088 points, increasing by 0.9% compared with the previous month.

At the same time, the total number of operating business entities increased by 4,079 units, reaching 508.5 thousand.

The number of large enterprises increased by 51 units, reaching 4,161.
The number of small enterprises rose by 3.9 thousand, reaching 415.1 thousand.
The number of farms increased by 36, reaching 89.2 thousand.

Trademark component

 

In February 2026, the trademark component reached 1.0641 points, increasing by 9.4% compared with the previous month.

During this period, 430 trademarks and product names were registered by legal entities.

Islombek Saparmatov, CERR

 

INTERNATIONAL DAY OF PARLIAMENTARISM: SIGNIFICANCE, CHALLENGES, AND PROSPECTS IN THE GLOBAL DEMOCRATIC AGENDA
INTERNATIONAL DAY OF PARLIAMENTARISM: SIGNIFICANCE, CHALLENGES, AND PROSPECTS IN THE GLOBAL DEMOCRATIC AGENDA

Parliamentarianism in the Face of Global Challenges
 
Parliaments play a key role in the system of democratic governance, ensuring the representation of citizens' interests, exercising oversight of the executive branch, and carrying out legislative functions. In the context of increasing global polarization, declining trust in state institutions, and growing pressure on freedom of expression and parliamentary independence, the question of rethinking and strengthening the role of parliaments becomes particularly relevant.
In this context, the International Day of Parliamentarism, observed annually on June 30, takes on not only symbolic but also practical significance. It underscores the role of parliaments as key pillars of democratic transformations while simultaneously serving as a global platform for addressing current challenges, advancing institutional reforms, and developing innovative models of representation that align with the political and social realities of the 21st century.
Modern parliaments are expanding beyond internal regulatory institutions to become active participants in the global political and legal architecture, engaging in the resolution of transnational challenges such as climate change, digital transformation, migration crises, public health protection, and human rights safeguarding. In this context, parliamentary diplomacy, transparency, and inclusiveness are acquiring a new dimension.
As emphasized in official UN documents, "strong parliaments are the foundation of democracy," because they "reflect the will of the people, pass laws, and hold governments accountable." It is no coincidence that UN Secretary-General António Guterres, in his address on the International Day of Parliamentarism on June 30, 2018, noted that "Parliaments can be pillars of democracy, important defenders of human rights, and a link between local and global issues. Through legislative and budgetary decisions, they can contribute significantly to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals."
In April 2025, the capital of Uzbekistan hosted the 150th anniversary Assembly of the Inter-Parliamentary Union for the first time - an event of historic scale for Central Asia. The forum, held under the theme "Parliamentary Action for Social Development and Justice," gathered about 1,400 delegates from approximately 130 countries, including over 100 speakers and deputy speakers of national parliaments.
Opening the Assembly, President of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev emphasized the significance of the event and the scale of participation: "You are like a strong bridge connecting peoples with firm friendship. You are a powerful force capable of perceiving the concerns and problems of ordinary people, elevating them, if necessary, to the regional and international level, and finding effective solutions for them." The Head of State noted that participation in the Inter-Parliamentary Union reflects confidence in efforts towards democratic reforms and the expansion of parliamentary powers. He also expressed confidence in the role of parliaments as a key mechanism for peacemaking, social development, and justice.
 
The Establishment of International Parliamentarism Day
 
The date of the celebration - June 30 - is symbolic: it was on this day in 1889 that the Inter-Parliamentary Union was established, laying the foundation for organized international cooperation between legislative bodies and the formation of modern parliamentary diplomacy.
The establishment of the International Day of Parliamentarism dates back to UN General Assembly Resolution A/RES/72/278 of May 22, 2018, adopted at the initiative of the Inter-Parliamentary Union in connection with its 130th anniversary. Founded by two pacifists - British William Cremer and French Frédéric Passy - the Inter-Parliamentary Union was originally conceived as a platform for peaceful arbitration and dialogue. Over time, it has transformed into a unique global platform for parliamentary diplomacy and inclusivity. During the Cold War and in the post-colonial world, the Inter-Parliamentary Union maintained neutrality and became a rare space for dialogue between opposing blocs, and later - a link between parliaments and UN structures.
To date, the Inter-Parliamentary Union unites 181 national and 15 regional parliaments and serves as a central institution in parliamentary diplomacy, promoting gender equality, protecting human rights, and fostering sustainable development. According to the Secretary General of the Inter-Parliamentary Union Martin Chungong, "modern parliaments must develop significantly to meet the demands of today's world."
The proclamation of this day became a legal recognition of both the historical and contemporary role of parliaments as institutions of popular sovereignty, democracy, and parliamentary oversight. The Inter-Parliamentary Union played a key role in shaping parliamentary diplomacy practices, promoting inclusivity, equality, and transparency, and establishing the principles of the rule of law at the international level.
Resolution 72/278 not only immortalized this historic date but also gave it modern significance, emphasizing the central role of national legislative bodies in ensuring accountability, transparency, human rights protection, adherence to the principle of the rule of law, as well as in implementing the international obligations of states within the framework of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
From a historical and legal perspective, the establishment of the International Day of Parliamentarism should be viewed as an act of institutionalizing global recognition of parliamentarism's significance in the development of democracy and the rule of law. Furthermore, the resolution documented the contribution of parliaments to the implementation of national plans and strategies, as well as their responsibility for monitoring the execution of international agreements. This strengthens the legal status of parliaments within the national, regional, and global governance systems.
 
International Day of Parliamentarism: Key Objectives and Priorities
 
The International Day of Parliamentarism serves as an institutional mechanism for stimulating parliamentary development, a catalyst for institutional self-analysis, and a platform for transnational dialogue in the realm of lawmaking and parliamentary oversight. Its primary function is to mobilize national parliaments to critically examine their own activities, including assessing their effectiveness, as well as to actively engage in international initiatives aimed at promoting inclusivity and transparency within the context of universal democratic standards.
According to analytical reports by the Inter-Parliamentary Union and the UN, the main objectives and priorities promoted within the framework of the Day of Parliamentarism are:
First, strengthening the accountability and transparency of parliamentary activities, including the development of mechanisms for reporting to citizens;
Second, expanding the participation of women, youth, and vulnerable groups in parliamentary structures, both at the legislative and procedural levels;
Third, enhancing the effectiveness of parliamentary oversight, especially regarding the implementation of state programs and international obligations;
Fourth, improving legislative expertise, including through the involvement of the scientific and expert community;
Fifth, the digital transformation of parliamentary processes, encompassing both internal procedures (including electronic voting and document management) and forms of public interaction;
Sixth, institutionalizing the contribution of parliaments to the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, including monitoring the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
The significance of the International Day of Parliamentarism is particularly heightened in the context of global transformations in democratic governance and the growing demand for inclusivity, transparency, and social justice.
The themes and mottos of the annual global campaigns organized as part of the International Day of Parliamentarism consistently emphasize these identified priorities and reflect parliamentarism's ability to adapt to the multifaceted challenges of our time - climatic, political, technological, and demographic. Examples from recent years clearly illustrate this focus:
 
  • 2021 - "I say 'yes' to youth in parliament!";
  • 2022 - "Civic participation at the heart of parliamentary democracy";
  • 2023 - "Parliaments for the planet" (environmental sustainability);
  • 2024 - "Parliamentary diplomacy: building bridges for peace and mutual understanding."
In 2025, the central theme of the International Day of Parliamentarism became achieving gender equality under the motto: "Step by step towards gender equality," which demonstrates the priority of equal representation on the global parliamentary agenda. The campaign, initiated by the Inter-Parliamentary Union in partnership with UN Women, under the slogan "Achieving Gender Equality: Action by Action," is timed to coincide with the 30th anniversary of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action. The campaign emphasizes the need for immediate, consistent, and systematic steps, especially in the context of slowing progress and even regression in the field of gender representation in some countries. As emphasized in the campaign materials, "it's time to move from words to deeds. Every step matters."
The International Day of Parliamentarism is gaining significance not only as a symbolic but also as a normative tool designed to stimulate systemic reforms within national parliaments, as well as to strengthen international parliamentary cooperation based on the principles of equality, participation, and sustainable development.
 
Modern Parliamentarism: The Gender Dimension
 
Despite the progress achieved, structural inequality in political representation remains one of the most pressing challenges for modern parliamentarianism. According to data from the Inter-Parliamentary Union, as of early 2025, women make up less than one-third of the total number of deputies in national parliaments worldwide. This disproportion affects not only equality of access to power, but also the substantive agenda of legislative bodies, including issues of preventing gender-based violence, protecting reproductive health, ensuring equal employment opportunities, and social justice.
As emphasized in the UN Women report, "without equal representation of women in government bodies, it is impossible to ensure a fair and sustainable democracy." Gender equality, in this context, is viewed not only as a component of social justice but also as a structural foundation for inclusive, sustainable, and legitimate parliamentary institutions.
This issue gained particular significance during the 150th anniversary Assembly of the Inter-Parliamentary Union held in Tashkent, which officially launched the parliamentary campaign "Achieving Gender Equality: Action by Action." The program is based on three strategic priorities:
  • ensuring equal participation in decision-making at all levels of the parliamentary structure;
  • institutional transformation of parliaments into gender-sensitive bodies with equal conditions and support mechanisms;
  • systematic combating of gender-based violence and discrimination, including forms of political pressure and violence in the public sphere.
In this context, the words of the President of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev, spoken at the Tashkent session of the Inter-Parliamentary Union, are relevant: "Firmly securing women's rights is one of the key conditions for societal development. Analysis shows that if equal participation of women and men is ensured in all sectors of the economy, the global gross domestic product could increase by 26 percent."
This position received high praise from the international community. As the President of the Inter-Parliamentary Union, Tulia Ackson, emphasized: "We are witnessing an increase in the number of women in parliament, as well as active participation of youth in parliamentary work. We are proud that the speech of your country's President formed the basis of the Tashkent Declaration. In it, issues such as the Sustainable Development Goals, social justice, the role of women and youth in society, and gender equality have taken a special place."
For over four decades, the Inter-Parliamentary Union has been implementing comprehensive measures to expand women's rights and opportunities in politics. A central mechanism in this work has been the Forum of Women Parliamentarians, which played an important role in institutionalizing equal participation. Key achievements include the introduction of mandatory gender composition for parliamentary delegations, the inclusion of men in promoting equality as allies, and the application of sanction mechanisms, including restrictions for delegations that do not include women.
According to Martin Chungong, Secretary General of the Inter-Parliamentary Union: "Modern parliaments must develop significantly to meet the demands of today's world." He notes that thanks to a consistent policy of inclusivity, women's participation in the activities of the Inter-Parliamentary Union has increased from 11-12% to almost 38%.
In its activities, the Inter-Parliamentary Union also actively relies on the provisions of UN Security Council resolutions No. 1325 (2000) and No. 2250 (2015), which emphasize the importance of including women and youth in peace, security, and recovery processes. Gender-sensitive parliamentarism is viewed as a key to strengthening public trust, preventing violence, and restoring the social fabric in post-crisis societies.
Promoting gender equality within the parliamentary system serves as an integral element of democratic transformation and institutional stability. Increasing women's representation strengthens the legitimacy of power, promotes broader consideration of the interests of various social groups, and ensures a qualitatively more balanced legislative agenda.
 
International Day of Parliamentarism: A Catalyst for Sustainable Development and Global Dialogue
 
The International Day of Parliamentarism serves as a universal platform for summarizing achievements, parliamentary reporting, deepening international dialogue, and advancing global agenda priorities. This day symbolizes the recognition of parliaments' central role in democratic governance and sustainable development.
The Inter-Parliamentary Union, uniting 181 national parliaments and 15 parliamentary associations, actively uses this date as a tool for consolidating efforts in response to contemporary challenges. In the context of intensifying transformational processes, growing global instability, and declining trust in state institutions, parliaments are becoming key actors in ensuring institutional stability, inclusiveness, and accountability.
Every June 30th, the Inter-Parliamentary Union initiates a wide range of activities, including the publication of analytical reports on the state of democracy and parliamentarism, the collection and synthesis of best practices developed through inter-parliamentary cooperation, and discussions on pressing challenges - from climate threats and digital inequality to limited political participation and the crisis of trust.
Particular attention is paid to the inclusiveness of parliamentary systems. The Inter-Parliamentary Union regularly monitors the representation of women, youth, and marginalized groups in legislative bodies, emphasizing the importance of their participation as an indicator of democratic maturity. In this context, promoting legislative initiatives and institutional reforms aimed at ensuring equal access to decision-making, transparency, and accountability is becoming a priority.
The environmental agenda plays a significant role: parliaments are increasingly involved in implementing the Sustainable Development Goals and international climate commitments, including the Paris Agreement. Legislative support for climate strategies is seen as a necessary condition for a fair and inclusive green transition.
The International Day of Parliamentarism also serves as a platform for developing parliamentary diplomacy. In the context of conflicts, geopolitical turbulence, and democratic transitions, the Inter-Parliamentary Union acts as a mediator and coordinator, facilitating dialogue, exchange of experience, and strengthening trust between parliaments of various regions. This contributes not only to the advancement of democracy but also to the reinforcement of global stability.
In this context, the Inter-Parliamentary Union performs not only a coordinating function, but also normative-analytical, expert, and methodological roles, shaping a comprehensive strategy for parliamentary development. The International Day of Parliamentarism is becoming an effective mechanism for strengthening the role of parliaments in the global governance architecture, as well as an impetus for reassessing their responsibility in promoting democratic values and fulfilling international commitments.
 
International Day of Parliamentarism: A Platform for Mobilizing National Initiatives
 
The International Day of Parliamentarism is increasingly being utilized by the Inter-Parliamentary Union as a strategic platform for promoting parliamentary development priorities and consolidating the efforts of national legislative bodies to achieve global goals.
Thanks to the coordinating role of the Inter-Parliamentary Union and the active support of its partners, parliaments of more than 100 countries annually organize events dedicated to June 30. These initiatives contribute to transforming the date into a sustainable element of political and institutional culture.
In several countries, the International Day of Parliamentarism is becoming a starting point for a wide range of programs aimed at strengthening the connection between parliaments and civil society. These include public hearings and open parliamentary sessions organized to engage the population in discussing current agendas; expert round tables and seminars focused on the challenges of modern parliamentarism; and educational events for youth, including parliamentary simulations, excursions, lectures, and interactive platforms.
Special attention is paid to environmental and digital components. In recent years, initiatives to plant trees and other actions within the framework of parliamentary climate responsibility have become increasingly widespread. Simultaneously, the practice of so-called "parliamentary hackathons" - interactive sessions involving IT communities, students, and digital technology specialists - is developing. These events contribute to the introduction of technological innovations in legislative activities, the expansion of feedback channels, and the digital transformation of parliaments.
Innovative formats are developing particularly dynamically in Asian, African, and Latin American countries. Parliamentary hackathons are typically implemented in partnership with youth parliaments, universities, and technology clusters. This contributes not only to expanding citizen participation but also to institutionalizing digital approaches in lawmaking and parliamentary monitoring processes.
Thus, the International Day of Parliamentarism goes beyond being a symbolic date, becoming an effective tool for institutional renewal. It helps strengthen trust in representative bodies, increase political inclusiveness, and introduce innovative governance approaches. In the long term, such practices form sustainable models of democratic interaction based on the principles of participation, transparency, and accountability.
 
Parliamentary transformation as a vector of sustainability
 
In the context of increasing political polarization, digital transformation, and global challenges - from climate-related to socio-economic ones - the significance of parliaments as democratic institutions continues to grow. In this context, the International Day of Parliamentarism gains potential not only as a symbolic but also as a strategic platform for parliamentary renewal and international cooperation.
To enhance this day's role on the global agenda and integrate it into national practices, it seems appropriate to develop the following areas:
Firstly, the institutionalization of the International Day of Parliamentarism at the national level. This includes its official incorporation into political events calendars, the development of parliamentary plans for its implementation, regular public reporting on parliamentary activities, and the allocation of targeted budget funds for relevant events. This practice contributes to transforming the date into an integral part of parliamentary culture and a mechanism of democratic accountability.
Secondly, the development of citizen participation in parliamentary processes. This can be implemented through advisory councils under parliaments, digital feedback platforms, youth parliamentary simulations, educational campaigns, and other forms of public dialogue. Activating citizens' participation in shaping the legislative agenda helps increase the legitimacy of decisions made and strengthen trust in parliamentary institutions.
Thirdly, promoting regional and global inter-parliamentary initiatives. Of particular importance are holding joint assemblies, creating thematic working groups, exchanging best legislative practices, and coordinating supranational standards of parliamentary activity. This allows for the development of coordinated approaches to addressing transnational challenges and strengthens the role of parliaments in the global governance architecture.
Fourthly, the development of the analytical and methodological foundation of parliamentary activity. It is important to promote the development of unified indicators for assessing the effectiveness, transparency, inclusivity, and accountability of parliaments. Conducting comparative studies, participating in monitoring missions, and systematizing best practices enable scientifically grounded support for parliamentary modernization processes.
Finally, special attention should be paid to the issues of independence and security of parliamentarians as an integral condition for the implementation of parliamentary oversight and legislative activity. Strengthening legal, institutional, and procedural guarantees aimed at protecting deputies from political pressure, threats, and violence should be seen as a crucial element in ensuring the rule of law, political pluralism, and the stability of democratic institutions.
Thus, a comprehensive reassessment of the role and functions of parliaments in the context of global transformation requires a systematic approach that combines institutional strengthening, digital renewal, inter-parliamentary solidarity, and guarantees of democratic independence.
 
The Parliamentary Future: From Symbol to Action
 
The International Day of Parliamentarism is not merely a commemorative date, but a significant occasion for rethinking the role of parliaments in the architecture of modern democratic society. This event acts as a catalyst for promoting the principles of inclusivity, transparency, and accountability, which strengthens citizens' trust in parliaments and enhances their ability to adapt to a rapidly changing world.
As the Secretary General of the Inter-Parliamentary Union, Martin Chungong, emphasizes, the Union's task is to "positively influence at least one person a day," and the path to this is "unwavering commitment to dialogue, inclusion, and responsibility."
In the face of global challenges - from digital inequality to political fragmentation - parliaments remain key institutions capable of ensuring sustainable, legitimate, and just development. Their ability to respond to the challenges of the 21st century is determined not only by legal mandates but also by their deep connection with society, openness to reforms, and readiness for self-assessment.
In 2025, the key focuses of the Day of Parliamentarism are particularly relevant. Despite international efforts and progress, gender equality in politics remains an unattainable goal for most countries. The "Step by Step to Achieve Gender Equality" campaign emphasizes: this is not an abstract formula, but a practical strategy that requires consistent legislative, institutional, and cultural changes.
Only by ensuring equal participation of all citizens - regardless of gender, age, ethnicity, or social status - can parliaments truly become democratic and viable institutions. Their ability to reflect the multifaceted nature of society, respond to crises, and develop sustainable solutions will become the main criterion for successful parliamentarism in the 21st century.
 
Academician, Prof. A. Saidov,
Vice-President of the Inter-Parliamentary Union (2020-2023),
Member of the Legislative Chamber
of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan

Tashkent hosts the 8th Central Asian Expert Forum
Tashkent hosts the 8th Central Asian Expert Forum

On August 14-15, 2025, the VIII Central Asian Expert Forum (CAEF) will be held in Tashkent under the title “Central Asia – a common space of trust, security and sustainable development”.

Established in 2018, the CAEF is held annually in the country chairing the Consultative Meeting of the Heads of State of Central Asia. The forum serves as an important platform for discussing the current state and prospects of regional cooperation, as well as developing recommendations for the further development of cooperation in Central Asia.

The Forum is organized by the Institute for Strategic and Regional Studies under the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan (ISRS). Event partners include the Regional Center for Preventive Diplomacy for Central Asia, the European Union Delegation to Uzbekistan and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), and the Konrad Adenauer Foundation.

The Forum will traditionally bring together heads and specialists of strategic institutes, research centers, and academic institutions from across the region. For the first time, prominent experts from the EU, ASEAN, the Nordic Council, as well as researchers from the Russian Federation, the USA, Great Britain, Switzerland and Azerbaijan have been invited to participate in its work in order to exchange experience in regional studies.

The Forum’s program will focus on prospects for deepening regional cooperation and explore specific measures to promote multifaceted collaboration.

In addition, the Forum will feature separate events: a scientific-practical conference on shaping regional identity and a roundtable discussing prospects for partnership between Central Asia and Northern Europe.

 

The upcoming expert dialogue is expected to identify common interests and outline priorities for Central Asia’s future development. The resulting recommendations will enrich the agenda of the forthcoming Consultative Meeting of the Heads of State of Central Asia, scheduled to take place this year in Uzbekistan.

Uzbekistan - Azerbaijan: economy of trust, routes and joint projects
Uzbekistan - Azerbaijan: economy of trust, routes and joint projects

Relations between Uzbekistan and Azerbaijan have in recent years become one of the most dynamic links between Central Asia and the South Caucasus. They are underpinned by sustained dialogue between the two countries’ leaders, political trust, cultural and historical affinity, and growing mutual interest in trade, investment, transport, industry, energy, and the development of transport routes. Consequently, bilateral cooperation is increasingly moving beyond traditional partnership and evolving into comprehensive economic cooperation.

Regular high-level contacts provide the strategic framework for this work. In recent years, the two countries’ leaders have exchanged state and working visits, giving the relationship sustained political momentum. The Joint Commission on Bilateral Cooperation remains the principal mechanism for intergovernmental coordination. Fourteen meetings have already been held, while the forthcoming meeting in Tashkent is expected to give fresh impetus to trade, investment, and economic cooperation.

Direct interregional ties remain an important element of this architecture. The intergovernmental agreement on interregional cooperation, regional forums held in Tashkent, Quba, and Baku, as well as agreements signed between cities of the two countries, demonstrate that the partnership is gradually moving from government-level decisions towards practical cooperation between regions. The forthcoming Forum of Regions could provide a platform for concrete agreements in trade, industry, tourism, and urban infrastructure.

Trade statistics confirm the growing economic interest. By the end of 2025, bilateral trade had reached USD 307.3 million. The positive trend strengthened in January–May 2026, with trade turnover increasing by 38.2%. The next target is to raise bilateral trade to USD 1 billion by 2030.

To consolidate this trend, it is important to move beyond growth in individual product categories towards a more sustainable supply model. This involves expanding the range of traded goods, developing promotion and distribution channels, opening a trade mission of Uzbekistan in Baku, and making use of new logistics opportunities. Within this framework, the southern route is of particular importance: promoting Azerbaijani products through trade platforms in Termez could facilitate access to neighbouring markets and give bilateral trade a broader regional dimension.

The investment component is supported by the growing presence of Azerbaijani businesses in Uzbekistan. As of July 2026, 442 enterprises with Azerbaijani capital were operating in the country. Their activities cover trade, mechanical engineering, metalworking, finance, insurance, real estate, energy, services, food production, and light industry. This indicates a transition from one-off trade transactions to more sustainable forms of business engagement.

The Azerbaijan–Uzbekistan Investment Company provides the financial foundation for some of these initiatives. Its current portfolio comprises nine projects with a total value of USD 651 million, with the company’s financing amounting to USD 170.9 million. Funding has already been allocated to four projects, while five more have received approval. The importance of this instrument lies not only in the volume of available resources but also in its ability to translate political agreements into practical solutions in trade, education, healthcare, industry, logistics, and the financial sector.

On this basis, industrial cooperation is acquiring tangible substance. The automotive industry is one of the key areas: the production of Chevrolet vehicles and Isuzu commercial vehicles is being developed in Azerbaijan with the participation of Uzbek enterprises, while the expansion of the production facility in Hajiqabul is expected to ensure a deeper manufacturing cycle, including welding and painting. This format is important because it involves not merely the supply of finished products but also the development of assembly and component supply chains and technological exchange.

Sectoral opportunities are not limited to the automotive industry. In the mining sector, the parties are developing cooperation in the geological exploration and development of precious and critical metal deposits in Uzbekistan. This strengthens the industrial dimension of the bilateral agenda and creates a foundation for more technologically advanced cooperation in the field of mineral resources.

Alongside the mining industry, oil and gas and chemical cooperation hold considerable potential. SOCAR’s participation creates opportunities for joint work in geological exploration, energy supplies, processing, and the development of related services. In a broader context, this makes it possible to view cooperation not only through the lens of the raw materials sector but also as a foundation for industrial and technological linkages with significant practical value.

Transport and logistics occupy a special place in bilateral cooperation. The production and use of ferries for Uzbekistan’s needs, with access to routes through the ports of Kuryk and Alat, are currently under consideration. For Uzbekistan, this represents an additional opportunity to strengthen access to Trans-Caspian transport links, while for Azerbaijan it offers a means of expanding the role of its ports and logistics infrastructure in the movement of goods between Central Asia, the Caucasus, and external markets.

Urban development, tourism, and municipal infrastructure are also of particular importance. Major projects involving Azerbaijani investors are being implemented in Tashkent, including hotel, tourism, and residential complexes. Within the bilateral agenda, these investments are significant not only as capital invested in real estate but also as a contribution to the quality of the urban environment and the development of tourism and the service economy.

Light industry remains another closely related area of cooperation. Cotton and textile clusters involving Uzbek companies are being developed in Azerbaijan, allowing the parties to combine the raw-material base, manufacturing expertise, and access to new markets. In the longer term, such cooperation could increase exports of finished textile products and reduce dependence on trade in raw materials.

The sectoral framework is complemented by cooperation in finance, construction materials, electrical engineering, food production, agriculture, pharmaceuticals, and jewellery. Projects in these areas are at different stages of development, but collectively they broaden the foundation of bilateral cooperation.

The strength of the current Uzbek-Azerbaijani model lies in its combination of political trust and practical instruments: investment capital, production chains, interregional ties, and Trans-Caspian logistics. In this context, transport routes are becoming more than merely a logistics issue; they are evolving into part of a broader economic architecture connecting markets, enterprises, and regions. Cooperation between the two countries is therefore increasingly viewed as one of the sustainable bridges linking Central Asia, the Caucasus, and external markets.

Uzbekistan and the United States: Evolution of Bilateral Relations and Trajectories for Further Convergence
Uzbekistan and the United States: Evolution of Bilateral Relations and Trajectories for Further Convergence

In recent years, relations between Uzbekistan and the United States of America have gained a new impetus. Moving beyond formal diplomacy, the partnership has evolved into a deeper, multi-dimensional engagement. Today, political dialogue is active, economic and business ties are expanding, and humanitarian and people-to-people connections are steadily strengthening.

Until 2017, Uzbek-American cooperation was primarily focused on regional security issues and the situation in Afghanistan, while noticeable progress in the economy and investment was virtually absent. However, following the election of Shavkat Mirziyoyev and his visit to Washington in 2018, cooperation began to acquire a strategic character.

This marked the first visit by Uzbek leader to the United States in 16 years and signaled a new level of mutual trust. During the visit, agreements and memoranda totaling over $4.8 billion were signed, paving the way for projects involving major U.S. companies.

These positive trends have largely been driven by Uzbekistan’s domestic reforms and its pragmatic approach to regional and foreign policy. Consequently, diplomatic engagement has intensified: regular consultations at the level of foreign ministries have fostered systematic and structured cooperation.

Since the 2020s, relations have evolved into a multi-layered structure. In 2021, the format of political consultations was transformed into the “Strategic Partnership Dialogue between Uzbekistan and the United States,” encompassing the economy, security, and environmental issues. The first meeting of this new format took place in Tashkent and laid the foundation for comprehensive cooperation.

In 2024, bilateral relations reached a qualitatively new level with the official establishment of an expanded strategic partnership. This format is based on the alignment of key priorities: Uzbekistan seeks deep economic modernization, attraction of foreign investment, integration into global markets, and the formation of a competitive economy. The United States supports these efforts, affirming its commitment to the reform process and encouraging American business participation in the new opportunities emerging in Uzbekistan.

In this context, the meeting between Shavkat Mirziyoyev and Donald Trump in September of this year on the sidelines of the UN General Assembly outlined specific priorities for bilateral cooperation and established the foundation for long-term collaboration. More than ten agreements were signed with major companies, including Boeing, Cargill, and Citigroup and others.

Following this, in October 2024, a U.S. delegation led by President Biden’s Special Envoy for South and Central Asia, Sergio Gor, and Deputy Secretary of State Christopher Landau visited Tashkent. The visit reinforced mutual trust and underscored both sides’ commitment to advancing joint initiatives in key areas of the bilateral agenda.

Undoubtedly, the U.S. contribution to Uzbekistan’s economy maintains a steady dynamic: in 2024, trade turnover increased by 15%, reaching $881.7 million. The portfolio of investment projects exceeds $11 billion. These figures illustrate a steady expansion of trade and economic cooperation, even as overall volumes remain relatively modest.

At the same time, the contemporary economic agenda, however, extends beyond traditional trade. Joint industrial and investment projects, collaboration in logistics, civil aviation, agro-industrial complex, and metallurgy, as well as the implementation of digital and innovative solutions in supply chain management, are coming to the forefront.

Structural changes in Uzbekistan’s export profile are particularly noteworthy. Services now constitute 86% of the country’s main export portfolio. The United States remains the largest market for Uzbek IT services: of 800 active exporters, 448 provide digital services to the U.S., representing 45% out of total IT exports. This underscores the U.S.’s role as a strategic partner in Uzbekistan’s technology sector.

To increase the export of Uzbek goods to the U.S., the President instructed the regions of the country to establish direct connections with individual states. For instance, in August of this year, a task was set to increase textile exports to the U.S. five to sixfold. Within this initiative, the Andijan Region Textile Trade House opened a representative office in St. Louis, one of the country’s key logistics hubs.

The American company Oppenheimer plans to participate in the financing of three major projects in the Andijan Region with a total value of $1.2 billion, including the creation of a textile industrial zone worth $180 million.

Uzbekistan has again attracted U.S. attention due to the presence of critically important minerals and rare earth elements used in batteries, semiconductors, and modern defense systems. In April 2025, the countries signed an agreement on cooperation in the extraction of such resources, and in September, the American investor Cove Capital began geological exploration work.

Significant progress is also observed in the humanitarian sphere: the number of academic exchanges and educational programs is increasing, and the interest of Uzbek youth in American education has noticeably grown. Currently, 40 Uzbek universities implement partnership projects with more than 25 American universities and educational institutions. Cooperation includes academic exchange of faculty and students, joint research, and the engagement of American specialists in the educational process.

These initiatives reflect Uzbekistan’s aspiration for greater openness and integration into the international community, creating conditions for expanding contacts in tourism and cultural spheres.

In this context, starting January 1, 2026, Uzbekistan will introduce a 30-day visa-free regime for U.S. citizens. Previously, such a regime only applied to tourists over 55 years old. The new rules significantly facilitate U.S. citizens’ access to the country, promoting tourism, business travel, and cultural exchanges, as well as opening additional opportunities for establishing direct contacts between individuals and organizations in both countries.

A central element of multilateral interaction remains the regional C5+1 format, which unites the U.S. and the five Central Asian countries. The U.S. National Security Strategy indicates the intention to intensify work within this platform to promote initiatives on climate change mitigation, energy and food security, development of transport connectivity, and expansion of Central Asian countries’ access to global markets.

To sum up, the evolution of Uzbekistan-U.S. relations demonstrates how pragmatism and reform-driven policies can overcome barriers and create mutual benefits. Today, bilateral relations are comprehensive and resilient: Uzbekistan has emerged as a significant partner, recognized in Washington as a key contributor to regional stability. The trajectory of cooperation points toward constructive partnership, with Central Asia serving not as periphery, but as a bridge for sustainable development and mutually beneficial collaboration.

 

Shakhnoza Kodirova

Head of the Department the

the Institute for Strategic and Regional Studies

under the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan

CERR Assesses Economic Activity Across Uzbekistan’s Regions Over Five Years Using Satellite Data
CERR Assesses Economic Activity Across Uzbekistan’s Regions Over Five Years Using Satellite Data

An analysis of nighttime satellite illumination data indicates a strengthening of economic activity across regions and an expansion in the number of territories exhibiting urban-type development.

The Center for Economic Research and Reforms (CERR) applied satellite-based nighttime lights (NTL) data to assess economic activity at the level of regions and cities in Uzbekistan.

The analysis shows that higher light intensity corresponds to higher levels of economic activity and more advanced urban infrastructure.

CERR’s findings demonstrate a high degree of consistency between satellite-based indicators and official statistics. In particular, according to estimates based on NASA nighttime lights data, nominal GDP per capita in Uzbekistan grew by 80.3% in 2020–2025, corresponding to an average annual growth rate of 15.8%, increasing from $2,090 to $3,887 over five years.

For comparison, according to official statistics, GDP per capita increased by 81.8% over the same period, with an average annual growth rate of 16.1%, rising from $2,048 to $3,881.

Economic Activity in Large and Medium-Sized Cities

According to the data, over the past five years the highest growth in gross regional product (GRP) per capita among regions was recorded in the city of Tashkent, where the indicator increased by approximately $5,000, reaching $9.3 thousand by the end of 2025 (according to official statistics — $9.2 thousand).

Estimates for 2025 also show high GRP per capita levels in a number of large and medium-sized cities. In Navoi, the NTL-based estimate reached $9.3 thousand, in Zarafshan $7.9 thousand, in Samarkand $7.2 thousand, in Kokand and Andijan $6.7 thousand each, and in Akhangaran, Yangiyul, and Bukhara ranged from $5.8 thousand to $5.2 thousand, respectively.

Relatively high growth rates of GRP per capita were also observed across several regions. In Tashkent region, the indicator increased by $1.8 thousand to reach around $4 thousand. In Navoi region, GRP per capita also grew by $1.8 thousand to approximately $4 thousand. In Fergana and Syrdarya regions, the increase amounted to $1.6 thousand, reaching about $3.5 thousand and $3.4 thousand, respectively.

Economic Activity in Small and Medium-Sized Cities

Relatively high GRP per capita levels were also recorded in a number of small and medium-sized cities. In Termez, the indicator reached $5.1 thousand, in Margilan and Chirchik around $5 thousand, and in Namangan $4.8 thousand. Economic activity levels also remain relatively high in the cities of Kagan and Urgench.

Economic Activity at the District Level

At the district level, the highest GRP per capita growth dynamics in 2020–2025 were observed in Mirabad district, where the indicator increased by $7.1 thousand, in Yakkasaray district by $6.3 thousand, and in Chilanzar district by $5.6 thousand. As a result, GRP per capita in these districts exceeded $10 thousand, which is nearly three times higher than the average across other districts and cities in the country.

Among districts, the highest growth rates of economic activity were also recorded in Karmana district (2.5-fold increase), Yashnabad and Bektemir districts (2.4-fold), as well as Sergeli, Yangi Hayot, and Mirzo Ulugbek districts (2.3-fold).

Expansion of Territories with High Economic Activity

The use of nighttime lights data also made it possible to assess urbanization processes at the district level. In particular, between 2020 and 2025, the number of territories with high nighttime light intensity (NTL above 10), characteristic of urban agglomerations, increased from 22 to 31. The average GRP per capita in these territories rose from $3.8 thousand to $7 thousand.

At the same time, over five years the number of districts with low nighttime light intensity (NTL below 1) declined from 129 to 85, confirming the transition of 44 districts toward an urban-type development model.

In these districts, NTL levels increased on average by more than 2.5 times, while GRP per capita rose from $1.7 thousand to $3.2 thousand.

Conclusion

The results confirm that satellite-based nighttime lights data can effectively complement official statistics and be used for timely assessment of regional economic activity.

This approach enables the identification of new growth points and allows for more targeted allocation of state support toward infrastructure development and investment activity in the regions.

Abdulaziz Gaybullayev, CERR

CERR Public Relations Sector

Tel.: (+998) 78 150-32-20 (417)

Autumn elections to the Parliament of Uzbekistan will be held on the basis of a new system
Autumn elections to the Parliament of Uzbekistan will be held on the basis of a new system

The text of the article is in Russian!

DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM RELATIONS BETWEEN UZBEKISTAN AND THE CIS COUNTRIES: DYNAMICS AND PROSPECTS
DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM RELATIONS BETWEEN UZBEKISTAN AND THE CIS COUNTRIES: DYNAMICS AND PROSPECTS

In recent years, Uzbekistan has demonstrated significant progress in the field of international tourism, which pays special attention to cooperation with the CIS countries. Historically, this region has close cultural, economic and humanitarian ties with Uzbekistan, which contributes to the active exchange of tourists and the development of joint initiatives in the tourism industry. According to statistics for January–August 2024 and 2025, there has been a steady increase in the total number of tourists from 6.7 million visiting Uzbekistan to more than 7.5 million with an annual increase of 15-20% per year. By the end of 2025, more than 11 million foreign tourists are expected to arrive.
Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan remain the most significant sources of tourists among the CIS countries. In 2024, Kazakhstan sent more than 2.1 million tourists to Uzbekistan in January – August, Kyrgyzstan — about 1.78 million, and Tajikistan — almost 1.6 million. In 2025, Kyrgyzstan slightly surpassed Kazakhstan in the number of visitors — 2.16 million against 1.77 million, which indicates a positive trend towards strengthening bilateral ties in the field of tourism. Tajikistan also showed an increase of almost 1.7 million tourists. In addition to the traditional leaders, the number of tourists from Turkmenistan increased significantly in January–August, from 125,000 in 2024 to 243,000 in 2025. This growth confirms the growing attractiveness of Uzbekistan as a tourist destination for all neighboring countries.
The CIS countries with fewer tourists, such as Azerbaijan, Belarus, Moldova, Armenia, Ukraine and Russia, also note positive dynamics. The increase in the number of Russian tourists in January –August is particularly noteworthy — from 587,000 in 2024 to more than 663,000 in 2025, reflecting the strengthening of tourist and cultural ties between the two countries. The growth of the tourist flow from the CIS is largely due to Uzbekistan's comprehensive work to improve infrastructure, simplify visa procedures, and actively promote travel brands. The development of transport links, the introduction of modern services and the expansion of the range of tourism products make Uzbekistan more and more attractive to visitors from neighboring countries.
Uzbekistan is the historical center and pearl of the Great Silk Road, the crossroads of world cultures and civilizations. There are more than 8,000 cultural heritage sites in the country. 209 of them are part of four museum cities included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. The magnificent monuments of the ancient cities of Samarkand, Bukhara, Khiva attract many tourists who want to get acquainted with the rich heritage of the region. Samarkand is the ancient capital of the empire of the great commander Amir Temur, which houses the most beautiful Registan ensemble, the Ulugbek Observatory and the Imam Al-Bukhari complex, the most important for Muslims, the fabulous city of Bukhara, famous throughout the Islamic world with its Bahauddin Naqshbandi complex, the Ark fortress and the Poi Kalyan ensemble, the capital of the Khorezmshah State Khiva with a museum city open-air Ichan-Kala, and of course the city of Shakhrisabz, where Amir Temur was born and built the Ok-Saroy palace there.
Tashkent, the capital of Uzbekistan, is the geographical center and the largest hub of Central Asia, a connecting bridge between East and West. Tourists can get great emotions and impressions from their stay in Tashkent, which has many interesting sights, including the architecture of modernity and the ancient East. Uzbekistan is not only a historical city, but also a huge number of natural attractions: the picturesque mountains of the Western Tien Shan and Pamir Alai, mysterious caves, the endless Kyzylkum desert, a huge number of lakes, the Ustyurt plateau and the Aral Sea in Karakalpakstan. It should be noted that Uzbekistan occupies high places in the world tourism rankings, in the field of security, historical attractions, family tourism, gastronomy, etc. There is a tourist police in all tourist centers of the country, thanks to which all foreign visitors feel safe at all times. At the same time, over the past 10 years, Uzbekistan has not had any incidents related to the safety of tourists in the country, which could negatively affect the tourist image of Uzbekistan. Great attention is paid to youth tourism in the country, special tours of historical subjects, ecotourism, extreme tourism, and industrial tourism have been formed to visit various production facilities, which also serve as their subsequent professional orientation.
The Government of Uzbekistan has identified several territories with high tourism potential as free tourist zones created specifically for businesses operating in the tourism sector. Conditions have been created to attract foreign investment in the tourism sector. To encourage investors, various incentives have been introduced for the hotel sector, the construction of tourist complexes and infrastructure. Business representatives from the CIS countries are the most active investors, creating both enterprises with 100 foreign investments and joint ventures in the tourism industry of Uzbekistan. Uzbekistan invites Russian investors to take an active part in joint projects in the territories of Charvak, Chimgan, Nanai, Baysun, Maidanak, Miraki, Parkent, Akhangaran, Angren, Akchakul, Tudakul, Aydarkul and others tourist zones. The development of tourism with the CIS countries is becoming not only a factor of economic growth, but also an important element in strengthening interstate relations, cultural exchange and friendship of peoples. The growth of the tourist flow contributes to the creation of new jobs, the development of small and medium-sized businesses and the improvement of the standard of living of the population. The prospects for further development of tourism ties between Uzbekistan and the CIS countries look very promising. Enhanced cooperation, exchange of experience and implementation of innovative solutions will make the region one of the most attractive and dynamically developing tourist destinations in Eurasia. The Committee on Tourism of Uzbekistan is ready to support the tourism business of our countries in the implementation of joint projects, and create all necessary conditions for comfortable travel of tourists of all categories from the CIS countries.

 Head of the Department of
Transport and Logistics Development Shukhrat Isakulov

The awakening lion: the era of renewal
The awakening lion: the era of renewal

Hey, great Turan, land of lions!
What has become of you? What are these days you endure now?
Oh, glorious cradle of Genghis, Timur, Oghuz, and Attila!
Where have the esteemed seats you once held gone?..
Abdurauf Fitrat
An American politician once said of the current life and fate of the Central Asian region: ‘They are neither post-Soviet nor post-communist countries now’.
Today no specialist knowledge is needed to understand this idea, which suggests that such labels are outdated in the research community. For example, ten to fifteen years ago the political behaviour of Central Asian societies – neighbours for thousands of years – was prone to national separatism, mutual dislike and latent hostility, but today they have undergone a remarkable transformation. Ideologues and ordinary Central Asians only a couple years ago endeavoured to prove their superiority, their antiquity and, for these very reasons, their greater belonging to the historical and cultural heritage of the region. Though they still might hurl some sharp insults at each other, now they have become united neighbours.
Every day we see and hear of events that illustrate this unity and provide concrete evidence of it. Meanwhile, as already noted, some latent and outdated policies of these neighbouring countries towards each other still attempt to turn the common cultural heritage of the region into a language of hatred.
As a result of Soviet nationalisation and post-Soviet ideologisation, these five states in the Eurasian centre, the land that once founded great empires and was famous throughout the world, unfortunately turned away from one another after gaining independence. This, in turn, allowed the region to remain a geopolitical object for the modern world’s empires.
At this moment, I do not intend to delve into the geopolitical picture of the region and its current situation. I would like to share my brief thoughts on the bold steps and the international image of what Uzbek leadership is calling ‘New Uzbekistan’. The country is transforming day by day and now has the ability to directly influence regional processes.
These joyful events have made me take up my pen.

I
August 2024 began with good news. That month’s two important events to which I would like to draw attention, are related to the growing role of New Uzbekistan in world politics, culture, and modern history. These were the state visit of the President of Uzbekistan to Kazakhstan and his participation in the Consultative Meeting of the Heads of Central Asian States in Astana, as well as the historic victory of our athletes at the Olympic Games in Paris.
True, some may argue, “Well, the President has repeatedly participated in meetings in this format, and our athletes have delivered victories commensurate with those from other countries. What’s the big deal?”
But I also have a question for such people: When did the world powers take Uzbekistan, which will soon be celebrating thirty-three years of independence, so seriously? When have this country and its long-suffering people been recognised as independent subjects of international politics? When did our country’s representative reach thirteenth place in a set of international competitions in which athletes from more than two hundred countries took part? When was the anthem of Uzbekistan played eight times at such prestigious competitions? When was our flag raised thirteen times over the winners' podium? And when else did we hear that ‘Uzbek athletes have no equal in the world!’?
Of course, no one will be able to contradict me when I say that these two factors are the worthy fruit of the hard work of our country’s president Shavkat Mirziyoyev.
I would like to say a few words about the meetings in Kazakhstan. The details of this visit vividly demonstrated the results of Mirziyoyev’s changes in regional policy, which he put into place eight years ago.
The first meeting of the Interstate Supreme Council, which took place 7-9 August 2023, was cochaired by Mirziyoyev and President of the Republic of Kazakhstan Kassym-Jomart Tokayev.
This was the first time in our history that the leaders of these two Central Asian states have met to agree on multifaceted supranational cooperation, which is recognised by the world community and international experts as one of the main locomotives of international affairs in the modern world. In the past, despite supranational general concepts such as ‘Central Asia’, ‘regional unity’ or the substanceless slogan ‘Turkestan is our common home’, the identity of the region as a whole has remained extremely blurred. The actions of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, the two main powers in the region, towards this end are an important step in transforming these previous abstractions into a concrete plan. We will talk about this a little later, but for now let us focus on the first meeting of the Interstate Council.
The visit hosted meetings of the Intergovernmental Commission and the Business Council, as well as a business forum, political consultations, a think tank forum and intellectual games. The organizers of the meetings also organised cinema days and other cultural events to strengthen the unity of Central Asian peoples in cultural terms as well as economic and political.
One of the most significant events of these meetings was the adoption by the leaders of the two countries of the Programme for Strategic Partnership and Allied Cooperation for 2024-2034. This document undoubtedly marks the beginning of a new stage in Uzbek-Kazakh relations of friendship and good neighbourliness.
Economic relations between the two parties have already reached record highs in recent years. As a result of previous meetings, such as economic forums and business meetings of the parties, solid agreements worth $7 billion were signed.
‘We have opened a new chapter in our multifaceted relations – we have held the first meeting of the Supreme Interstate Council. This format is an expression of the highest level of interstate cooperation and clearly demonstrates the close ties between our countries and peoples and their firm desire to strengthen cooperation in all areas,’ Mirziyoyev said at the meeting.
Of course, this unprecedented level of cooperation between the two countries did not go unnoticed by the world community and international experts. Analysts and think tanks commented widely on the details of the visit. In particular, Roy Anthony Rogers, Deputy Director of the Asia and Europe Institute at the University of Malaya (Malaysia), outlined his observations as follows:
‘Thanks to the strong historical ties and personal friendship between the leaders of Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan, the current state of Uzbek-Kazakh relations is characterised by special dynamics, a high level of mutual understanding and trust. I believe that this visit of the president of Uzbekistan to Kazakhstan is of historic significance not only for the peoples of the two countries, but also for the prosperity of the entire Central Asian region.’
Praising Uzbekistan’s policy of regional cooperation, Nasri Al Saadi, Managing Partner of Premium Construction (Qatar), focuses in his article on the sincere actions of the neighbouring countries:
‘The two leaders are committed to uniting the region and coordinating efforts through consultative meetings and the Central Asia Plus platforms, which are becoming increasingly popular mechanisms for international cooperation. They actively support each other on global and regional political issues’.
Of course, my aim is not to summarise or comment on the opinions of foreign analysts on this historic meeting. My intention is to tell you about the activities of Mirziyoyev, who is striving with equanimity and wisdom to achieve his goal of transforming Uzbekistan’s previous isolation into regional openness and is achieving great success. After all, I am always proud to be a contemporary and compatriot of a person who has glorified and continues to glorify the name of the Uzbek people and Uzbekistan.
                                                                                                                             II
Sheikh ul-Islam Allahshukur Pashazadeh, Chairman of the Caucasus Muslim Board, said in a recent interview with the Uzbek media that ‘Mr Mirziyoyev’s personality today has become a force that influences not only the socio-political life of Uzbekistan, but also the region’.
This fact continues to manifest itself in other examples. For instance, our president personally initiated the Consultative Meeting of Central Asian States, which has attracted great interest in international politics today.
His initiative was widely welcomed by the international community, and the first meeting was held in Astana on 15 March 2018. The recent meeting of the leaders of the five Central Asian states in Astana, Kazakhstan, marked the beginning of a new cycle of this format.
Although this is not the main focus of today’s article, I must make a comment. I believe I understand the goal Mirziyoyev had in mind when he first initiated this recurring set of meetings 7-8 years ago. The goal is to unite our peoples, to heal the wounds caused by Soviet modernization, to awaken the ‘lion’ that once fell into a deep slumber.
At this most recent meeting, such political appeals as ‘regional integration,’ ‘regional identity’ were put forward with the sincerity that was so often lacking in previous years.
‘Given our common cultural and historical heritage’, Mirziyoyev stated, ‘we must pay great attention to strengthening the ownership, solidarity and shared responsibility of our peoples for the future of the region’.
I believe that the early launch of the international media platform ‘History and Culture of Central Asia: One Past and Common Future’ will be an important practical step in this direction.
In order to further strengthen mutual understanding and solidarity among the peoples of the region, we propose to hold a scientific forum devoted to practical aspects of regional identity formation.
If one takes a closer look at the expression ‘regional identity’ in this quote, you will see that this term essentially encompasses not only geographical, political, economic, but also cultural aspects of the region. This is a bold step towards restoring the region’s lost soul – a shared identity after years of Soviet rule.
The two high honours awarded to the President of our country in Kazakhstan – the Altın Qıran (Golden Eagle) Order of the of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Badge of Honour of the Heads of the Central Asian States – attest to Mirziyoyev’s melting of the ice between the peoples and states of the region and his restoration of the warm friendship and love inherited from our ancestors.
This is undoubtedly a vivid example of the policy initiated and pursued by president Mirziyoyev in the region, full of kindness and sincerity.
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Of course, our success at Olympic Games in Paris continues to warm our hearts. These victories have become the heart, pride and honour of New Uzbekistan. Remember that only yesterday our country, which was looked down upon as ‘colonial’ or ‘post-colonial’ and whose name was only mentioned in passing at international meetings, showed the world its presence.
In addition to placing 13th in the gold medal count at the Olympics, Uzbekistan garnered 4th place in Asia and 1st place among the Turkic, Muslim and CIS countries. Three of our athletes were also honoured with the high title of “Two-Time Olympic Champion.”
One might say that the achievements of our country today seem special to us only because we are Uzbek citizens. But no, these are international recognitions that the country has not achieved in centuries. The accomplishments of our country today, the creative power of Mirziyoyev, have not been overlooked from the outside. For example, well-known historian, ethnologist and anthropologist of Central Asia Sergey Abashin, expressed his impression of Uzbekistan’s performance at the Olympics on his social media pages as follows:
‘The Paris-2024 Olympic Games were an extremely important event. They will be remembered not for the discussion of gender and artistic issues, but above all for the remarkable results of athletes from Central Asian countries, and in particular from Uzbekistan, which won 8 gold medals and finished 13th (I would like to remind you that in addition to their Olympic successes, Uzbek chess players have been ranked high in the world rankings in recent years). In sport, we are witnessing the emergence of Central Asian countries as major players, recognised and acknowledged worldwide, and becoming aware of their subjectivity. This is a real historical change in the world and in the post-Soviet space, still a long and certainly natural process.’
Abashin here remarks that Uzbekistan’s successes in sport today show that it is becoming a known entity on the world stage. Frankly, this means that the country no longer needs a mediator – such as ‘former Soviet state’ or ‘site of a former US base for Afghanistan’ – to understand its position in the world.
In conclusion, I would like to say that these two place-setting events for Uzbekistan of the past month promise only further bright moments ahead, express the determination of New Uzbekistan, and the innovative path of its leader, president Mirziyoyev.

Qudratilla Rafiqov,
political scientist


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