President of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev has arrived in Washington on a working visit to participate in the “C5+1” summit of the leaders of Central Asian countries and the United States and to hold meetings with U.S. President Donald Trump, members of the Senate and the House of Representatives, as well as heads of U.S. government departments and agencies.

The C5+1 format, launched in November 2015 in Samarkand, has become an important mechanism for coordination and cooperation in areas such as regional development, economic resilience, environmental protection, energy, and security. Its primary goal is to establish a permanent platform for diplomatic dialogue, exchange views on pressing issues, and strengthen connectivity in the fields of transport, energy, trade, business, and humanitarian engagement. The Joint Declaration on Partnership and Cooperation, adopted at the first meeting, reaffirmed the United States’ commitment to supporting the sovereignty, independence, and territorial integrity of the Central Asian countries.

The first C5+1 leaders’ summit, held in New York in September 2023, gave a strong impetus to advancing the comprehensive agenda of the platform and marked the launch of new initiatives, including the B5+1 Private Sector Business Platform (Almaty, March 2024) and the Critical Minerals Dialogue (February 2024). Since its inception, the format has held 13 ministerial meetings and three high-level gatherings, as well as specialized forums on climate change, development, Afghanistan, and other priority areas.

Uzbekistan has taken an active and constructive role within the C5+1, consistently advocating for the institutionalization of cooperation, enhanced border-security coordination, intensified action on climate and environmental challenges, and the continuation of projects in trade, investment, transport, and energy. Tashkent also supports initiatives related to Afghanistan. Many Uzbek initiatives have been endorsed and implemented in practice, including the establishment of the Virtual C5+1 Secretariat (2021), the TIFA meetings (Samarkand, March 2023), and projects on artificial intelligence and educational cooperation under the C5+1 framework.

The impact of these multilateral initiatives is evident: strengthened regional cooperation has opened new export routes, enhanced investment attractiveness, and created expert-exchange platforms — all contributing to the overall resilience of Central Asia.

Uzbekistan’s active engagement in the C5+1 format is fully aligned with its broader policy of deepening bilateral cooperation with the United States, which continues to expand across all key areas - politics, security, the economy, science, and culture.

Since the establishment of diplomatic relations on February 19, 1992, Uzbekistan and the United States have made substantial progress. A milestone was President Mirziyoyev’s official visit to the United States on May 15–17, 2018, which laid the foundation for a new era of strategic partnership. The President has also met with U.S. leaders on various multilateral platforms — on the sidelines of the Riyadh Summit in May 2017 and during the UN General Assembly sessions in New York in September 2017 and 2025.

The bilateral political dialogue evolved in 2021 into the Uzbekistan–U.S. Strategic Partnership Dialogue, whose sessions are held alternately in the two capitals. The fourth meeting, held in Washington on November 13, 2024, concluded with an agreement to elevate its status to the Expanded Strategic Partnership Dialogue.

The regular visits of senior U.S. officials and special envoys to Uzbekistan further underscore the growing intensity of the partnership.

In 2025, Uzbekistan hosted several high-level American representatives, including Paolo Zampolli, the Special Representative of the U.S. President for Global Partnerships (August 28 – September 1, 2025), and Sergio Góvar, the Special Envoy for South and Central Asian Affairs, accompanied by First Deputy Secretary of State Christopher Landau (October 25–27, 2025).

A clear demonstration of the high level of bilateral relations was the official visit of Foreign Minister Bakhtiyor Saidov to Washington on April 8–10, 2025, during which he met with U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio and National Security Advisor Michael Waltz. The sides discussed a wide range of regional and international issues, paying particular attention to strengthening the strategic partnership between Uzbekistan and the United States. Special emphasis was placed on cooperation in security, economic development, regional connectivity, and sustainable growth in Central Asia.

Inter-parliamentary ties are also expanding dynamically. In 2018, the Uzbekistan Caucus was established in the U.S. House of Representatives, with participation from both parties. Regular visits of congressional delegations contribute to the strengthening of parliamentary diplomacy.

Economic and investment cooperation is developing at a robust pace. The bilateral trade turnover and the number of joint projects continue to grow annually. Major American companies such as Air Products, General Electric, General Motors, Boeing, Honeywell, The Coca-Cola Company, and John Deere are successfully operating in Uzbekistan.

During the IV Tashkent International Investment Forum on June 9, 2025, the U.S.–Uzbekistan Business Forum was held with the participation of around 100 U.S. companies. Memorandums of understanding were signed and negotiations held with Boeing, FLS, Visa, NASDAQ, Air Products, Franklin Templeton, Morgan Stanley, and others.

The United States supports Uzbekistan’s accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO). In December 2024, the parties signed a protocol concluding bilateral negotiations on accession — an important milestone in Uzbekistan’s integration into the global trading system.

The cultural and humanitarian sphere constitutes a significant dimension of bilateral cooperation. Sister-city relations have been established between Tashkent–Seattle, Bukhara–Santa Fe, and Zarafshan–Clinton. These municipal partnerships foster cultural and educational exchange, tourism, and business collaboration.

Educational cooperation is also advancing: the Tashkent branch of Webster University (opened in 2019) and the American University of Technology (AUT), established in partnership with Arizona State University, play a key role. On August 30, 2025, an American Corner — a cultural and educational hub promoting academic and scientific collaboration — was inaugurated at AUT.

In October 2023, Tashkent hosted the Education USA Regional Forum with the participation of 65 U.S. universities. The activities of American Councils for International Education (ACIE) have resumed, and work is underway to restore the Peace Corps presence in Uzbekistan.

Transport connectivity has also improved: since July 2017, direct Tashkent–New York–Tashkent flights operated by the national airline have resumed, facilitating business and humanitarian exchanges.

Furthermore, the United States continues to support Uzbekistan’s domestic reforms. Reports by the U.S. Department of State and the Department of Labor highlight progress in combating human trafficking and eradicating the worst forms of child labour. Uzbek cotton has been removed from the lists of goods produced with forced child labour; in December 2020, Uzbekistan was delisted from the “Countries of Particular Concern” regarding religious freedom; and in April 2024, the U.S. Trade Representative (USTR) removed Uzbekistan from the Special 301 Watch List on intellectual property protection.

In summary, President Shavkat Mirziyoyev’s current visit to the United States and participation in the C5+1 Summit will provide a new and powerful impetus for the practical implementation of initiatives on both the multilateral and bilateral agenda. The visit will undoubtedly strengthen political dialogue, accelerate the realization of investment agreements, expand educational and cultural exchanges, and give fresh momentum to joint projects in energy, transport, and digital technologies.

For Uzbekistan, this visit represents another opportunity to reaffirm its status as an active and reliable partner in Central Asia; for the United States, it serves as a platform to deepen engagement in a region of strategic importance for global stability and economic growth.

Dunyo IA

The globalization of today’s economy, together with the current geopolitical and geo-economic situation in the world, is shaping economic cooperation between states not only on the basis of geographical proximity, but also through the convergence of mutual interests.

Uzbekistan’s independent and balanced foreign policy is contributing to a steady annual increase in the number of its partner countries. While preserving cooperation with its immediate neighbours, this multifaceted foreign policy primarily serves to strengthen mutually beneficial relations with countries in different regions of the world. In particular, Uzbekistan’s relations with the Balkan states have developed across various fields in recent years. Cooperation with Serbia deserves special mention in this regard.

Diplomatic relations between Uzbekistan and Serbia were established on 18 January 1995. Since then, cooperation between the two countries has developed steadily at various levels. Although the pace of bilateral cooperation was relatively modest in certain years, Uzbekistan’s increasingly proactive foreign policy and its reforms aimed at diversifying international relations have significantly strengthened Uzbek–Serbian relations in recent years.

Over the past three to four years, mutually beneficial cooperation and political and economic dialogue between official Tashkent and Belgrade have reached a qualitatively new level. Exchanges between the two heads of state have consequently become important milestones in bilateral relations. In particular, the meeting between President of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev and President of Serbia Aleksandar Vučić, held on 20 August 2023 on the sidelines of the World Athletics Championships in Budapest, gave fresh impetus to cooperation between the two countries. The two leaders held their next meeting in Beijing on 3 September 2025. These meetings reaffirmed the parties’ interest in further expanding cooperation, particularly in trade, investment, industry, mechanical engineering, pharmaceuticals, agriculture, information technology, artificial intelligence, tourism, education and transport, as well as in intensifying interstate dialogue.

The fundamental principles of Uzbekistan’s foreign policy include, first and foremost, adherence to international law and the Charter of the United Nations, respect for state sovereignty and the inviolability of borders, friendship and mutually beneficial cooperation, non-interference in internal affairs, and the peaceful settlement of international disputes. From this perspective, the foreign ministries of the two countries are also conducting consultations on an equal footing and implementing measures aimed at advancing bilateral cooperation.

In August 2017, the Political Director of the Serbian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the President’s Special Envoy for Kosovo, Zoran Vujić, visited Tashkent. During the visit, prospects for political dialogue and cooperation with international organizations such as the United Nations, the OSCE and UNESCO were discussed with his participation.

In 2021, political consultations were held in Tashkent with the participation of Serbian Ministry of Foreign Affairs State Secretary Nemanja Starović. On 9 October 2025, the second round of political consultations between the foreign ministries of Uzbekistan and Serbia was held by videoconference.

The signing in 2022 of the Protocol on Cooperation and Interministerial Consultations between the two countries’ foreign ministries marked the beginning of a new period in Uzbek–Serbian relations. The document established a legal basis for the parties’ strategic plans to hold regular consultations, broaden cultural and humanitarian dialogue, and strengthen political cooperation in order to further develop relations between the two states.

In September 2025, the foreign ministers of the two countries met on the sidelines of the United Nations General Assembly in New York. These engagements represented an important step towards establishing a new architecture of dialogue at various levels between Tashkent and Belgrade. As a result of these efforts, Uzbekistan appointed its first ambassador to Serbia in 2025, marking another important milestone in the further development of bilateral relations.

Although trade and economic cooperation between Uzbekistan and Serbia currently remains modest in scale, it is important to emphasize that the area holds considerable potential. Through Serbia, Uzbekistan has the capacity to expand its relations with other Balkan countries, including Croatia, Albania, North Macedonia, Montenegro and Slovenia.

A number of measures are being developed to increase Uzbekistan’s trade with the Balkan states and to prepare extensive cooperation programmes in mechanical engineering, pharmaceuticals, agriculture, the chemical industry, information technology and digitalization, the agro-industrial sector, tourism and many other important industries.

The geopolitical and geo-economic instability witnessed worldwide in recent years has also prompted Uzbekistan to further develop international transport corridors. Uzbekistan, which has direct access to every Central Asian country, is recognized as being favourably located for expanding links between China, India, Europe and other countries. In order to capitalize on these opportunities, the country is seeking to open new transport corridors along the Central Asia–Balkans route. For Uzbekistan, the comprehensive development of trade and economic relations with the Balkan states within the framework of the Trans-Caspian Corridor is of strategic importance.

There are currently around ten enterprises with Serbian capital operating in Uzbekistan, including two joint ventures, while the remainder operate as individually owned business entities. Although bilateral trade amounts to approximately USD 12 million per year, there is substantial untapped potential for developing economic, investment and trade relations.

An examination of the priority areas, agreements and contracts identified during official negotiations and business forums held between the two countries in 2023–2026 shows that imports of industrial equipment, machinery and mechanisms from Serbia are of particular importance to Uzbekistan. Key priorities include introducing Serbian technologies into Uzbekistan, establishing joint ventures, launching the production of automotive components in the country, localizing selected manufacturing industries, and turning Uzbekistan into a production base serving not only the Central Asian market but also European markets.

For Serbia, investment projects in Uzbekistan’s agriculture, food industry, food-processing equipment, digitalization, artificial intelligence, pharmaceuticals, textiles and automotive sectors are particularly relevant. These include introducing European technologies into Uzbekistan, applying European know-how and experience across sectors and industries, and contributing to regional development. This would enable the two countries to further advance industrial cooperation and implement promising joint projects in light industry, textiles, pharmaceuticals, automotive manufacturing and agriculture.

In conclusion, although political agreements between the two countries are important, the first essential factor in translating them into tangible economic results is the launch of transport corridors, while the second essential factor is creating broad opportunities for business. To make effective use of these factors, the following steps should be taken:

First, the transport corridor between the two countries should become more than merely a “freight route”; it should provide Uzbekistan with access to European global value chains through the Balkans.

Second, alongside increasing the volume of mutual trade, serious attention should be paid to its quality. Priority should be given to exports of high value-added goods rather than raw materials, semi-finished goods or basic products.

Third, mechanisms to promote investment between the two countries should be developed. Attracting Serbian capital and technologies to Uzbekistan’s economy, while expanding the presence of Uzbek businesses in Balkan markets, would generate significant benefits for both economies.

Fourth, joint production should be introduced through the establishment of industrial cooperation between the two countries. Rather than manufacturing a product in one country and exporting it to the market of the other, combining the resources and capabilities of both states to enter third-country markets would be more economically advantageous.

Fifth, transport and logistics integration between the two countries should be established. In the future, such integration would not only reduce transport costs but also facilitate the development of new transit routes, thereby expanding trade opportunities.

Sixth, efforts to develop human capital and introduce technologies into production should be intensified. In this context, economic cooperation would extend beyond the exchange of goods and further strengthen ties among specialists, researchers, engineers and entrepreneurs.

In summary, the new economic bridge between Uzbekistan and Serbia can serve as an important pillar of economic growth for the countries of Central Asia and the Balkans. As a result, Uzbekistan will gain opportunities to develop international transport corridors, improve the efficiency of transport and logistics processes, reduce cargo delivery times by two to three times, establish a dry port, and enhance its international trade and transit potential.

Nodirbek Rasulov,

Doctor of Economics, Professor,

Project Manager at the Institute for Macroeconomic and Regional Studies

Zilola Akhmedova,

Dunyo IA.

At the border checkpoint, the line moves slowly forward. A border guard opens a passport, glances through its pages for a second, and presses down a fresh stamp. The traveler continues on their way undisturbed. At first glance, this is an ordinary, everyday procedure. Yet behind those few seconds lie years of intergovernmental negotiations, complex agreements, mutual trust and balanced diplomacy.

On the eve of the 35^th Anniversary of Independence, looking back at the path Uzbekistan has traversed, one can say with confidence that one of its most critical achievements has been the creation of an atmosphere of open and trusting good-neighborliness.

After all, Independence is not merely political sovereignty. Independence is a nation's right to live freely, to determine its own destiny, to build peaceful and mutually beneficial cooperation with neighboring states, and to engage in equal dialogue with the global community.

However, today's open borders and the environment of trustful good-neighborliness did not emerge on their own. Borders test not only history, but diplomacy itself. What now seems natural and familiar is the result of years of painstaking work, political will and a shared commitment to consensus.

Following the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, five Independent States appeared on the map of Central Asia. While political sovereignty was proclaimed, a significant portion of state borders remained unratified under international law. Lines that were considered mere administrative boundaries during the Soviet era turned into international frontiers overnight. The situation was particularly complex in the Fergana Valley, where borders cut through residential settlements, irrigation systems, pastures and motorways.

In those years, border demarcation was more than a political or legal issue - it directly impacted the daily lives of thousands of people. To travel from one village to a neighboring one located across the border, residents often had to make a detour of dozens of kilometers. Family visits became complicated and logistics costs for local entrepreneurs surged dramatically.

In this context, I would like to share a childhood story that deeply impacted me and one I still cannot recall without tears.

Exactly fourteen years ago, when I was twelve years old, my parents and I went on a trip across Uzbekistan. Along the way, we stopped for lunch. A woman was sitting at the adjacent table. Watching my father and me laugh and joke lightheartedly, she suddenly burst into tears. For a moment, I was confused and did not know what to do. Then she spoke:

“My name is Gulzoda. I was also the only and beloved daughter of my father. When I grew up, I married into a neighboring village. Only ten to fifteen minutes separated us from my parents' home. But then the border divided us. Our village remained in Uzbekistan, while my parents ended up in Tajikistan...”

She paused for a second as tears rolled down her cheeks again.

“A few years later, my father passed away. And I could not be there to bid him a final farewell. They did not let me cross the border...”

Now that I am older, I understand that a border is not just a line on a map. It is something that can profoundly shape human destinies.

Therefore, resolving border issues meant far more than simply drawing state lines. It restored trust between nations, served as a crucial step toward reviving economic ties, and laid a solid foundation for the overall development of the entire region.

A New Diplomatic Paradigm

Ongoing shifts in the global geopolitical landscape demanded new approaches, different policies and a fresh mindset capable of securing a strong international standing for the nation. It was under these conditions that the past decade became a period of profound transformation, new opportunities and rapid progress for Uzbekistan.

Foreign policy of New Uzbekistan designated Central Asia as its core priority. Open dialogue with neighboring states, practical cooperation, and the principle of mutual benefit formed the bedrock of this new diplomatic strategy. Its core idea was straightforward: the sustainable development of the region depends not on the isolated achievements of individual states, but on the harmonious alignment of their shared interests.

This policy translated into concrete action through the opening of new border crossing points, the revival of transport links and the steady expansion of trade and economic ties.

For instance, on March 1^st, 2018, “Jartepa – Sarazm” checkpoints on the Uzbek-Tajik border resumed operations. In August 2025, “Khovosobod – Zafarobod” and “Bekobod Auto – Khashtiyak” checkpoints in the Syrdarya region were officially granted international status. This enabled seamless border crossings for third-country citizens as well as passenger vehicles.

Along the Kyrgyz border, “Uch-Kurgan Auto” checkpoint in the Namangan region and the “Ken-Sai Auto” checkpoint in Kyrgyzstan were reopened. Today, they serve as a major transport corridor capable of processing over 500 cargo trucks and 300 passenger cars daily. Operations were also restored at the “Khanabad – Bek-Abad” checkpoints connecting the Andijan region with Kyrgyzstan, alongside the opening of the modern “Mingtepa – Kara-Bagysh” post. Furthermore, “Ak-Kiya” checkpoint leading to Shakhimardan and “Chashma” checkpoint serving the Sokh district were modernized and converted to 24/7 operations. On the border between the Fergana and Batken regions, new “Sogment – Chorbagh” border complex was launched.

On the Uzbek-Turkmen border, a New Free Trade Zone was launched near the “Shavat – Dashoguz” border checkpoint in the adjacent territories of the Khorezm and Dashoguz regions.

On the Kazakh front, the largest and busiest checkpoint, “Gishtkuprik – Zhibek Zholy”, underwent large-scale reconstruction. As a result, its daily capacity increased from 30,000 to 70,000 people, while its vehicle processing capacity exceeded 2,000 passenger cars per day. “Navoi – Kaplanbek” checkpoint in the Tashkent region was similarly modernized: traffic lanes were expanded from two to six, reducing average border crossing times to 30 minutes.

March 31^st, 2025, holds a special place in the modern history of Central Asia. On this day in Khujand, one of the region's most significant political and diplomatic events took place. Presidents Shavkat Mirziyoyev, Emomali Rahmon and Sadyr Japarov signed a historic Treaty on the Junction Point of the State Borders of the three nations. Simultaneously, Khujand Declaration was adopted and a symbolic Friendship Stele was unveiled at the border intersection.

History values specific documents not only for their legal weight, but for their power to transform the spirit of an era. The landmark agreements reached in Khujand marked the beginning of a fundamentally new chapter in Central Asian diplomacy. The legal settlement of border issues - long one of the region's most complex challenges - transformed not only the nature of relations between the three states, but the entire political climate of Central Asia, positively impacting the lives of millions today and for generations to come.

In geopolitics, trust is considered one of the most valuable assets. Where trust takes root, new transport corridors open, investments flow, trade volumes grow and security strengthens.

Concrete numbers clearly illustrate the practical outcomes of this trust. While Uzbekistan's trade turnover with Central Asian countries stood at approximately $2.5 billion in 2016, it exceeded $8 billion by the end of 2025.

Bilateral trade with Kazakhstan reached $5 billion, accounting for 60.2% of Uzbekistan's total regional trade. Trade volume with Turkmenistan and Kyrgyzstan reached $1.2 billion each, while trade turnover with Tajikistan surpassed $900 million.

Global Recognition and a New Geopolitical Reality

In recent years, regional cooperation initiatives put forward by Uzbekistan have gained strong backing within the United Nations. The adoption of UN General Assembly resolutions aimed at strengthening peace, stability, and sustainable development in Central Asia serves as practical proof that Uzbekistan's foreign policy is earning international confidence.

In the assessments of international experts, Central Asia is increasingly viewed as a region moving along a shared course, bound by solidarity, brotherhood, and common aspirations for the future. Uzbekistan's policy of resolving issues with neighboring states through negotiation has fostered mutual trust, accelerated transport and logistics projects, and created a more favorable climate for foreign investors. Particular significance is attached to the legal resolution of border issues, which is seen as a key step toward transforming Central Asia into a unified, interconnected economic space.

Specifically, according to Li Yonghui, Senior Research Fellow at the Institute of Russia, Eastern Europe and Central Asia at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, President of Uzbekistan's visit to Khujand and his trilateral meeting with the leaders of Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan represented a pivotal moment in strengthening regional cooperation and stability in Central Asia. “The unveiling of the Friendship Stele symbolizes the strengthening of good-neighborly relations, trust, and strategic partnership among the three brotherly nations”, the expert noted.

Tazin Akhtar, Editor of “Pakistan in the World”, highlighted:

“In an era of global instability, strengthening regional alliances provides a solid foundation for stability and mutual support. Achievements in border delimitation, rising trade volumes, and joint infrastructure projects make Central Asia more open to external partnerships. Uzbekistan has demonstrated a firm commitment to constructive diplomacy, creation, and integration”.

Overall, Uzbekistan's foreign policy today built on openness, pragmatism and mutual benefit is cultivating a new atmosphere of friendship and trust across Central Asia. Borders between neighboring brotherly states have transformed from dividing lines into symbols of cooperation, trade and dialogue.

Return to the Border Post

...The border guard takes the next passport, verifies the document, applies the stamp and the gate opens. The traveler moves forward without looking back. They may not even realize how much political will sits behind that brief moment. Yet that is precisely the greatest success of state policy: it frees individuals from anxiety and obstacles on their journey, allowing them to focus on their goals and dreams.

Past decade of independence has been a period for New Uzbekistan not only to reinforce its sovereign statehood, but to construct a new architecture of trust and collaboration in Central Asia. Open borders, lasting good-neighborliness and the vision of shared development are now becoming part of everyday life.

It is not an exaggeration to say that in the historical conditions where humanity is going through a difficult period, where contradictions and conflicts are intensifying and seriously undermining stability, in the multi-ethnic New Uzbekistan, human dignity and the interests of the people are recognized as the highest values, and in this regard, it is becoming an example and model for many countries of the world.

Because sustainable development can be achieved first of all by valuing and honoring people, creating conditions for the population to live well today, and realizing the high trust and responsibility of the population for the future.

Abdulla Awlani, the famous modern enlightener, defined man in such a way: “...the purpose of the creation of the universe is man. Man is the glory and honor of all existence. All creation must serve man: man is its master. Because man has a mind. He acquires knowledge with the help of this mind, and rules the world thanks to his knowledge”.

Therefore, measures aimed at the development of citizen's activity and participation in state management are being systematically implemented in Uzbekistan today, with comprehensive support for human rights and interests.

In recent years, the reforms implemented in Uzbekistan and the active participation and involvement of citizens in the state administration have been observed, which is especially important in the adoption of documents that will be the criteria for the future fate of our country.

In particular, in 2023, the "people's constitution" adopted for the first time in the history of Uzbekistan on the basis of the will of the people is a program for creating the foundation of the country's future destiny and happy future. More than 220,000 proposals have been received from different layers of the population, and this is also an example of the people's interest in state management and fate.

For this reason, first of all, the proposals received from the population, as well as the experiences and norms of constitution – making of 190 countries were thoroughly studied, and the articles of the updated constitution increased from 128 to 155, and the number of norms increased from 275 to 434.

In a situation where modern threats and problems are becoming increasingly rooted, the issues of ensuring a stable economy, effective governance, a safe state and social guarantees in Uzbekistan in the future have been deeply analyzed, 65% of the basic law has been updated based on people's proposals, and new norms based on national and universal values ​​and modern opportunities have been introduced.

In the words of the President of Uzbekistan, "Our Basic Law, which is literally a public dictionary, serves as a strong legal guarantee that our large-scale reforms aimed at establishing New Uzbekistan will not go back."

Another proof of the active participation of citizens in the sphere of public administration in Uzbekistan is the launch of the portal for the discussion of projects of regulatory legal documents (https://regulation.gov.uz/) to receive proposals from citizens for drafts of state programs, laws and legal documents. During the year, 77,731 proposals were received from the population for 25,283 draft documents.

Another important point is that in recent years, the share of women in state management in Uzbekistan has increased from 27% to 35%. In particular, 32% of the deputies of the Legislative Chamber of the country's parliament (Supreme Assembly) and 25% of the members of the Senate are women. The number of businesswomen doubled, and the number of women who started their own business exceeded 205,000.

It is of particular importance that Uzbekistan is listed among the 5 fastest developing countries in the world in the field of gender equality in the World Bank index, and is among the top 20 countries in the open gender data index.

First of all, the conceptual basis of the reforms was created in Uzbekistan, and a number of strategic decisions were made for its systematic operation.

In order to further increase the effectiveness of the ongoing reforms, create conditions for comprehensive and rapid development of the state and society, implement priority directions for modernization of our country and liberalization of all spheres of life, the Strategy of Actions on five priority directions for the development of the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2017-2021 is consistently implemented increased.

Strategy 5 – Improvement of the system of state and community building, ensuring the rule of law and further reforming the judicial system, developing and liberalizing the economy, developing the social sphere and ensuring security, inter-ethnic harmony and religious tolerance, as well as a well-thought-out, mutually beneficial and practical foreign policy reforms worthy of universal recognition took place in the field of priority directions.

The economic growth in the country alone was ensured to grow by 4.4% in 2017, 5.4% in 2018, and 5.7% in 2019.

On September 11, 2023, the "Uzbekistan-2030" strategy was adopted based on the experience gained during the implementation of the development strategy of New Uzbekistan and the discussions of the general public, and the strategic tasks that we must achieve in the next 7 years were defined. The importance of this strategy, consisting of 100 points, is that in this document, specific goals and targets are set, which are expected to be achieved in all areas, and the reforms continue consistently.

The important thing is that this document sets the future priority goals, in particular, to use all the possibilities to increase the size of the country's gross domestic product from the current 80 billion dollars to 160 billion dollars, thereby doubling the size of the economy by 2030 and "countries with an income above the average". Bold steps are being taken to enter the ranks.
          In Uzbekistan, great attention is being paid to this area, which is directly related to the quality of life. In the last 7 years, the amount of funds allocated to the healthcare system has increased from 5.9 trillion soums to 33.5 trillion soums, that is, it has increased 6 times. Hospitals are equipped with modern equipment and new ones are being built.

In Uzbekistan, systematic measures are being taken to provide social support to the population, to identify the root causes of the problems of each of its strata, and to provide targeted assistance, especially to reduce poverty.

"Temir daftar" (Iron book), "Ayollar daftari" (Women`s book), "Yoshlar Daftar" (Youth book), "Mahallababay" (Neighbourhood) and "Khonadonbay" (House work) work methods are being introduced for this purpose. On this basis, not abstract indicators of the problem, but the problems of every family and citizen, women, and youth who need help and support are clearly studied on the spot, and they are solved in a timely and effective manner.

Today, the noble traditions of supporting the elderly, disabled people, people in a difficult situation, and showing them love and kindness are being enriched and improved with new meaning and practical actions. In this regard, programs such as "Prosperous village", "Prosperous neighborhood", "Five important initiatives", "Every family is an entrepreneur", and "Youth are our future" are giving positive results.

At this point, it should be noted that since 2017 Virtual and Public receptions of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan have been established. In 2017-2021, the President's virtual lobby and People's lobby received 5 million. More than 780,000 appeals were considered, of which 3 mln. More than 288 thousand were satisfied. As a result of complete, timely and legal investigation of appeals, the level of their satisfaction is also increasing year by year. In particular, this indicator was 47.5 percent in 2017, 53.9 percent in 2018, 60.9 percent in 2019, 60.4 percent in 2020, and 86.7 percent in 2021.

Another consideration is that in recent years, the intensity and scope of the globalization process has increased in the intellectual world in the complex conditions where the struggle for the hearts and minds of the young generation is intensifying, the role and importance of education in the spirit of patriotism is increasing more and more, and the need to educate our youth as true patriots is growing stronger than ever. In the world, the number and scale of ideological struggles and conflicts are increasing, and new threats are emerging that cannot be predicted in advance.

In such a situation, education of young people in the spirit of loyalty to the Motherland, national identity and values, and concern for national interests is gaining urgent importance.

When one of the scholars said that "the happiness of every nation, the peace and happiness of the states depends on the good education of the youth", there are many real truths.

Based on the opinion of the head of Uzbekistan in his speech at the extended session of the Council of Spirituality and Enlightenment of the Republic that "it is natural that the legacy of our enlightened ancestors serves as a foundation for the legal democratic state and civil society that we are building today", it is clear as day that the development of national spirituality should be one step ahead.

In this regard, specific measures have been defined in 9 directions in the country, in particular, spirituality should be ten steps ahead of other fields, popularization of the heritage of the ancients, addition of an additional "Spiritual sector" to 4 sectors, enrichment of the activities and contents of theaters, cultural centers, priority issues such as the development of Uzbek cultural diplomacy, film, visual and applied arts in the international arena are among these.

The concept of the President of Uzbekistan, "If the economy is the body of society's life, then its soul is spirituality" has already become a vital principle for all of us. Strong spirituality based on the rich heritage of our ancestors and national values ​​serves as a strong pillar for the country that decided to build the new Uzbekistan.

In recent years, "Man-Society-State" has become an irrevocable strategic principle in Uzbekistan, fundamental reforms have been carried out to pay attention to people and protect their rights and interests.

         It is necessary to recognize one fact: reforms in accordance with international standards are being implemented in all areas related to people and their activities. At the same time, the critical analysis of our activities by the head of the country, using the existing freedom of speech, encourages us to constantly examine ourselves and improve our measures regularly in order to reach new goals in the future.

For example, more than 2,200,000 families are in need of social assistance, among them there are many young people. In this regard, specific measures have been determined this year, and in the updated Constitution, the state's social obligations have been tripled, and an additional 30-40 trillion soums will be allocated annually from the state budget.

The principle of "man-society-state" is of particular importance for the future development of our country, and constitutional guarantees have been strengthened in this regard.

The international community of Uzbekistan is paying special attention to strengthening friendly relations with neighboring countries on the basis of cooperation, mutual support, peace and harmony, and the legal basis for further deepening of the reforms implemented in foreign policy in recent years is also being strengthened.

For example, due to the resolution of the 30-year-old border problem with neighboring Kyrgyzstan, more than 2 million inhabitants of the valley were able to move freely with their relatives and friends.

The directions of strengthening peace and stability of Uzbekistan in our region, expanding the potential of our country in the international arena and developing comprehensive and mutually beneficial relations with foreign countries are confirmed in the "Concept of Foreign Political Activities" approved by law.

Today, Uzbekistan has established diplomatic relations with 131 countries of the world, we have 37 embassies in 38 countries, consulates in 17 cities, permanent representative offices in the UN and other international organizations.

In a word, as the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Shavkat Mirziyoyev, said, "From now on, we will focus on strengthening multifaceted and mutually beneficial cooperation with all the neighboring countries in Central Asia and the countries and international organizations that are our strategic partners in the world."

Ensuring decent life of citizens in Uzbekistan, inter-ethnic and inter-confessional harmony, well-being and prosperity of our multi-ethnic country of Uzbekistan is also one of the most important directions.

In order to support our compatriots in many countries of the world and further strengthen our relations with them, the "Compatriots" fund was established.

Our work aimed at strengthening the environment of inter-ethnic harmony and tolerance in our society is reaching a new level in terms of quality. July 30, which is widely celebrated as the International Friendship Day, has been announced as the "International Friendship Day" in Uzbekistan. This year, this holiday was widely celebrated for the first time in our country. It can also be considered as a common phenomenon where internal and external political factors converge.

It will be necessary to mobilize all our strength and capabilities to further strengthen the atmosphere of inter-civilian harmony, inter-ethnic friendship and tolerance.

The future strategic tasks in the foreign policy have already been defined, which will serve as a consistent continuation of the actions in the field of foreign policy and economic diplomacy.

In this regard, first of all, it is necessary to further strengthen close friendship, good neighborliness and strategic partnership relations with the countries of the region, to expand mutually beneficial and multilateral relations with the countries of the far and near countries of the world, especially to continue providing assistance to the Afghan people to restore a peaceful and peaceful life in neighboring Afghanistan. It is appropriate to carry out priority tasks such as the implementation of large transport and communication projects together with the country at a qualitative level. In this regard, it is time to raise multilateral relations with international regional organizations and financial institutions to a new level.

In a word, the so-called New Uzbekistan is boldly marching towards sustainable development with systematic reforms, hard work and the will of the creative people. Systematic reforms implemented today in our country, which realizes its high responsibility to present and future generations to build a humane democratic state, an open and fair society, where human life, freedom, honor and dignity are considered the highest value, are a thing of the ages.

Khudoyberdi Khaknazarov

Doctor of History

Annotation. The Ferghana Valley is the historical heart of Central Asia, where a new model of regional cooperation based on trust, good neighbourliness and sustainable development is currently taking shape. The initiative
of the President of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev to hold the Ferghana Peace Forum reflects a common desire among the countries of the region to strengthen mutual understanding and create the area of peace, stability, and shared prosperity.

INTRODUCTION

Historically, the Fergana Valley was a shared space where countries used common resources and people kept close ties. For centuries, the valley was
at the crossroads of key trade routes connecting the West and the East.

The establishment of an atmosphere of good neighbourliness
 in the Ferghana Valley reflects positive developments throughout Central Asia. Essentially, this is the result of political will, a concentrated expression
of the joint efforts of the leaders of all five countries to maintain security
and stability in the region.

Holding the Fergana Peace Forum in Fergana on October 15–16, 2025, confirms the statement made by the President of Uzbekistan at the 80th session of the UN General Assembly about the transformation of Central Asia into
an area of peace, friendly relations and partnership.

FROM A ZONE OF TENSION TO A SPACE OF TRUST

In the early years of independence, unresolved border issues and
the existence of numerous ethno-territorial enclaves served as grounds
for viewing the region as a conflict zone.

However, today, thanks to the political will and joint efforts of the leaders
of states, the Fergana Valley, previously perceived as a “powder keg,”
“Achilles' heel,” and “hot spot,” is becoming a symbol of peace, sustainable development, and a space of opportunity.

In recent years, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan have made significant progress in diplomacy and establishing stable political contacts.

The visits of the countries' leaders and their participation in regional forums and organizations such as the Shanghai Cooperation Organization
and the Consultative Meeting of the Heads of Central Asian States contribute
to the deepening of political and economic ties. The development of bilateral
and multilateral relations in the political sphere has helped to create a solid foundation for regional integration and mutual support.

Moreover, all five Central Asian countries contribute to the sustainable development of the Ferghana Valley. Joint water and energy projects are being implemented. In January 2023, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan signed
a “”Road Map” for the implementation of the Kambarata HPS-1 construction project, and in June 2024, an interdepartmental agreement on preparations
for the implementation of the project.

A new phase of regional diplomacy began in 2017 with the election
of Shavkat Mirziyoyev as the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Relations
with neighbouring countries reached a qualitatively new level. Dialogue based on the principles of openness, respect, and equality laid the foundation
for long-term friendly coexistence.

Thanks to the political will of the leaders of the three states—Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan—historic agreements were reached in 2025
with the signing of the Treaty on the Junction Point of the State Borders
of  Three States and the Khujand Declaration on Eternal Friendship.
These documents became a symbol of a new era of trust and creative partnership. The treaty legally established the borders of the three states
at a concrete point in the Ferghana Valley.

This breakthrough did not come unexpectedly, without preparatory work. In the preceding months, on March 13, 2025, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan signed an important agreement on the demarcation of their common border—the final stage of their long negotiations.

Kyrgyz President Sadyr Zhaparov noted that regional integration continues to develop actively, and the strengthening of cooperation
in all spheres will be the key to sustainable development and prosperity throughout Central Asia.

In turn, Tajikistan President Emomali Rahmon called the development
of relations between the three countries based on the principles of good neighborliness, equality, and mutual respect one of the priorities of Tajikistan's foreign policy.

The international community particularly highlights the indispensable role of Uzbekistan's President Shavkat Mirziyoyev, who initiated a new diplomatic line: "Borders should not divide, but unite our peoples."

This approach creates a model for peaceful transformation, where internal rather than external factors shape the architecture of trust, friendship, and good neighbourliness.

The formation of the area of stability and cooperation in Ferghana Valley was achieved without external involvement, solely through the strong political will of the leaders of the three states, combined with the desire of the peoples
of the region for peaceful coexistence, creating a solid foundation for lasting peace and prosperity.

Ferghana Valley – an “exemplary model” for building inter-state relations in other regions

The Ferghana Valley is one of Central Asia's unique oases – a place where the destinies of the peoples of Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan have intertwined. More than 17 million people live here, accounting for 20%
of the total population of Central Asia, which is around 83 million.

Today, the valley is gradually becoming a symbol of the new Central Asia – a region where borders are not barriers, but bridges of interaction.
The development of transport, trade, and humanitarian ties between Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan paves the way for the formation of a single space
for interaction in the name of common prosperity.

Joint infrastructure and economic projects, the restoration of roads
and railways, the development of border logistics hubs, and the modernization of checkpoints are creating conditions for the free movement of people, goods, and ideas.

Communications between the Ferghana Valley and the outside world are actively developing. Today, it is being integrated into international multimodal transport corridors and is gradually regaining its status as an interregional transit hub connecting East and West.

In this regard, the China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan railway project is of great importance. If implemented, it will have a multiplier effect on the economies
of all countries in the region.

The railway will provide access to the ports of the Persian Gulf
and the Pacific Ocean, open up new markets, thereby diversifying the economy and creating new jobs.

Visa regimes are being simplified and the throughput capacity at border crossing points is being improved, which will encourage more mutual travel
by citizens.

Uzbekistan maintains a visa-free regime with all Central Asian countries except Turkmenistan. In particular, there are currently 17 border crossing points between Uzbekistan and Tajikistan and 25 between Uzbekistan
and Kyrgyzstan. In 2016, there were only 13 between Uzbekistan
and Kyrgyzstan, and all of them operated with restrictions. For example, currently, up to 20,000 people pass through the Dustlik checkpoint
on the Uzbek-Kyrgyz border every day, which is 100 times more than in 2016.
At the same time, the number of vehicles passing through has increased tenfold, reaching 700 per day.

The Mingtepa and Khanabad border checkpoints were opened in 2023, and the Uchkurgan and Karasu checkpoints in 2024. These points had been closed since 2009-2010.

Today, citizens of Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan can travel to each other's countries for up to 30 days without registration. A visa-free regime
for up to 60 days has been established between Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan,
and since September 1, 2023, it has been possible to use ID cards
(instead of foreign passports) for mutual travel between the two countries.

The time required for goods and people to cross the border has been reduced to an unprecedented eight minutes. In turn, citizens of Tajikistan
and Uzbekistan can stay in each other's territory for up to 30 days
without a visa. This, in turn, contributes to the intensification of cooperation
and improved mutual understanding between the peoples of the Fergana Valley.

On the whole, a common space is forming in the Ferghana Valley, as it has throughout history. The restoration of the valley's interconnectedness contributes to the stability and sustainable development of the entire region.

The international community's keen interest in these processes confirms that Central Asia is becoming an important center for the formation of a culture of peace. The initiatives put forward by Uzbekistan have received support
from the UN, OSCE, EU, and other international partners, which strengthens
the legitimacy and sustainability of regional efforts.

The Ferghana Peace Forum has a special place in this process—it's not just a diplomatic meeting, but a platform for developing a new philosophy
of regional cooperation. This forum brings together political leaders, experts, and public figures, offering an open dialogue on strengthening peace, trust,
and sustainable development in Central Asia.

 The event will enable the countries of the region to independently shape their own architecture of stability and sustainable development, based
on mutual respect and the desire for a better future for new generations.

CONCLUSION

The Ferghana Valley is gradually transforming into a space of peace
and harmony, where peoples find common ground and jointly strengthen
the region's stability.

The establishment of the atmosphere of friendship and
amicable relations in the Ferghana Valley shows that, even in today's turbulent global environment, ensuring stability in the region is an achievable goal. 

This process requires patience, wisdom, and willingness to make reasonable compromises. Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan have demonstrated these qualities and their ability, despite complex challenges,
to unite for common goals such as strengthening security and sustainable development.

In turn, the Fergana Peace Forum is called to become a permanent platform aimed at strengthening dialogue and trust, ensuring sustainable development of the Ferghana Valley, unlocking economic potential,
and strengthening cultural and humanitarian ties. This meeting reflects the unity of the countries in the region, which are determined to build a common future together.

Authors: Diloram Mukhsinova and Bekhzod Alimjanov,

senior researchers at the Center for Foreign Policy Studies

(Uzbekistan)

The text of the article is in Uzbek language!

Today, environmental challenges such as climate change, desertification, biodiversity loss and air pollution are driving countries around the world toward closer cooperation. Uzbekistan has likewise identified environmental protection and climate change adaptation as key priorities of its state policy. In this context, the development of international partnerships, particularly with the United States, is of special importance.

At present, experts and representatives from both countries actively engage on various international platforms. In particular, the National Committee on Ecology and Climate Change of the Republic of Uzbekistan regularly participates in meetings of the Environment and Energy Working Groups within the C5+1 framework. This dialogue platform enables the countries of Central Asia and the United States to exchange expertise on environmental issues and advance new initiatives.

In recent years, bilateral cooperation has gained significant momentum. Uzbek delegations have taken part in international forums, educational programs, and professional development initiatives hosted in the United States. Participation in sessions of the United Nations Forum on Forests, visits organized through cooperation with the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and educational exchanges on environmental topics under the U.S. Congress’s Open World Program have all contributed to strengthening professional expertise and promoting the exchange of knowledge and best practices.

In 2024, a meeting between Uzbekistan’s Minister of Ecology, Environmental Protection and Climate Change, Aziz Abdukhakimov, and U.S. Presidential Advisor Sara Minkara underscored the importance of integrating social considerations into the environmental agenda. The parties discussed the impact of climate change on persons with disabilities and reached an agreement to foster cooperation between higher education institutions in the two countries.

Significant progress is also being made in scientific collaboration.
A memorandum signed in 2025 between Green University in Tashkent and the Center for Sustainable Development at Columbia University is expected to elevate research in the fields of ecology and climate change to a new level. A practical outcome of this partnership was the visit to Uzbekistan by world-renowned economist and sustainable development expert Jeffrey Sachs.

Looking ahead, there are broad opportunities to further expand environmental cooperation between Uzbekistan and the United States. One particularly promising area is the study of U.S. experience in forest management. Approximately one-third of the United States is covered by forests and the country has developed advanced forest management and monitoring systems that may offer valuable insights for Uzbekistan.

Considerable potential also exists in the fields of biodiversity conservation and protected area management. In the United States, millions of hectares of land are managed for conservation purposes and this experience could contribute to the further development of Uzbekistan’s protected area system.

Particular attention should also be given to cooperation in education and science. Establishing partnerships between Green University and leading global institutions such as the University of California, Berkeley, Stanford University, Harvard University and Yale University would not only enhance the quality of scientific research but also help prepare a new generation of specialists in ecology and climate science.

In addition, the United States’ advanced experience in sustainable urban development and «green» infrastructure is of considerable interest for Uzbekistan’s cities. Cities such as Portland and Seattle have successfully implemented projects involving «green» streets, cycling infrastructure, modern waste management systems and air quality monitoring technologies. Studying these practices could support the advancement of green city initiatives across Uzbekistan.

The hosting of the Eighth Assembly of the Global Environment Facility (GEF) in Samarkand in 2026 further strengthened Uzbekistan’s international standing in the field of environmental cooperation. The participation of U.S. representatives in Eco Expo Central Asia 2026, organized as part of this landmark event, has the potential to elevate environmental partnership between the two countries to a qualitatively new level.

Today, environmental cooperation between Uzbekistan and the United States extends beyond individual projects and events, increasingly taking on the character of a long-term strategic partnership. At a time when climate change and environmental security are becoming ever more pressing global concerns, such cooperation will contribute to sustainable development not only in both countries, but across the wider region as well.

Due to the Aral Sea tragedy, the negative consequences of climate change are more acute in Central Asia. The increase in air temperature in our region is twice the world average. The number of extremely hot days is expected to double and the area of glaciers will shrink by a third. In the last 30 years, the rate of warming in Central Asia is higher than the global average, and the average annual temperature has increased by 0.5 degrees. According to forecasts, the temperature is expected to increase by 2.0-5.7 degrees by 2085.

Uzbekistan is making active efforts to improve the quality of the environment and prevent the negative consequences of environmental problems. In particular:

Within the framework of international cooperation

Currently, the need for international cooperation in the field of environmental protection is determined by the growing ecological interdependence of all countries. Ozon layer depletion, pollution of the atmosphere and oceans, and the rise in temperature on our planet affect the entire world community, not just the countries engaged in environmentally dangerous activities. Therefore, today, a number of countries have established cooperation with the United Nations Organization on issues of environmental safety.

Such cooperation is based on a number of principles generally recognized by the international community. They are partly reflected in interstate agreements and acts, normative documents of international organizations, and summarized in the decisions of the most important international conferences dedicated to environmental protection and the regulation of cooperation between states and peoples in this field.

Based on this, Uzbekistan is actively promoting important climate initiatives aimed at uniting the region to combat climate change. These ideas of the President of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev are constantly supported by the countries of the region.

As a logical continuation of the formation of a unified climate agenda for Central Asia, the initiative to develop a regional strategy for adaptation to climate change was announced by Uzbekistan at the 5th meeting of state leaders. In addition, the Head of Uzbekistan proposed to establish a multilateral platform at the level of the ministers of ecology - "Central Asian climate dialogue", which can be an integrating link in the path of "green" development in Central Asian countries.

In addition, President Shavkat Mirziyoev put forward a number of proposals at the United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP28). In particular, our country's President advocated for an expeditious agreement on the Global Framework for Climate Adaptation within the framework of the Paris Agreement. At the same time, he noted the need for a fair, transparent and inclusive transition to a low-carbon economy on a global scale, in which the interests of developing countries must be taken into account. He proposed to consider this urgent problem on a permanent basis, including within the framework of the "G7" and "G20" summits.

Within the framework of environmental reforms in our country

A strategy for the transition to a «green» economy

Uzbekistan adopted the strategy of transitioning to a "green" economy for 2019-2030. The main goals of this strategy are:

Preservation of natural resources: Modernization of irrigation systems, introduction of water-saving technologies.

Use of alternative energy sources: Expanding the use of solar, wind and biomass energy.

Introduction of cost-effective means in economic sectors: Improving energy efficiency in manufacturing and service sectors.

Improvement of environmental legislation

Legislation is also being improved to ensure environmental stability in Uzbekistan. These laws are aimed at providing legal groundwork to the reforms implemented in the fields of environmental protection and ecological stability.

Project "Restoration of sustainable forest landscapes in Uzbekistan"

The project "Restoration of sustainable forest landscapes in Uzbekistan" is being implemented in collaboration with the International Development Association. The cost of the project is more than 205 million dollars and it will be implemented within 6 years. It is important that the goals of the project include such tasks as expanding the territory of forests, strengthening the material and technical base of forestry, introducing sustainable management and developing the infrastructure of ecotourism.

"Uzbekistan - 2030" strategy

In the "Uzbekistan-2030" strategy adopted by the Decree of the President of Uzbekistan on September 11, 2023, reforms in the framework of water resources conservation and environmental protection are set as one of the priority goals. A number of measures are envisaged within the framework of the strategy, and they are being effectively implemented. In particular,

National project “Yashil Makon” ("Green Zone").

The Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers No.144-F of March 7, 2024 was adopted in order to implement the activities of the nationwide project "Green Space" in 2024. This project included a number of important initiatives aimed at improving the environmental situation in Uzbekistan and expanding green areas.

138.1 million tree saplings were planted in the spring planting season of 2024 within the "Green Zone" national project. This indicator made 110.5 percent compared to the planned one. This part of the project is aimed not only at environmental improvement but also at improving the aesthetic appearance of our cities.

"Green Parks" and "Green Belts"

In particular, 257 "Green Parks" were established, their total number reached 517. Also, "Green Belts" were established by planting 5.3 million tree saplings in and around industrial enterprises. These efforts were made to reduce the impact of industrial enterprises and protect the environment.

Initiatives of organizations and agencies

Ministries and agencies are also contributing to the aforementioned work. In particular, the Ministry of Defense created a park of 100 hectares, the Ministry of Digital Technologies and the Ministry of Mining and Geology — 65 hectares. These efforts are critical to ensuring the comprehensiveness and sustainability of the project.

Tree planting and waste recycling

In our country, trees have been planted near highways and railways, on river and canal banks, at industrial enterprises and gas stations. These are especially aimed at reducing the negative impact of transport and industry on the environment.

On average, 6.8 million tonnes of household waste are produced in our country per year. In recent years, the number of neighbourhoods covered by sanitation services has increased by more than 90 percent. The level of waste processing was 38.1 percent as of July 1, 2024, and the number of such enterprises was 313 as of February. 

Waste treatment and landfills

A new system for the regulation of landfills and waste processing is being launched. In each region, 3-4 landfills with a convenient location are being turned into special eco-industrial zones, and recycling projects are being implemented. In the remaining landfills, a new practice is being used to start temporary waste collection and reloading stations. The landfills that exhausted their resources are closed, poplar, mulberry, elm and maple trees are planted around them, and "green belts" are being established.

Avazbek Kholbekov,

Head of Department – Development Strategy Centеr

On November 18, the first session of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan after the elections was held in Tashkent.

It was attended by President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev.

The session was opened by Chairman of the Central Election Commission Zayniddin Nizamkhodzhaev.

The National Anthem of the Republic of Uzbekistan was played.

Temporary Secretariat of the first session, Counting Commission and temporary group on control over the use of electronic vote counting system were elected. The agenda was approved. The CEC Chairman presented information on the results of the elections to the Legislative Chamber.

On the proposal of the Council of Representatives of Political Parties, deputies elected Nuriddin Ismoilov to the post of Speaker of the Legislative Chamber of Oliy Majlis by secret ballot.

Then the chairmanship of the session passed to the Speaker. Deputy Speakers were elected. The factions of five political parties were registered. Ten committees of the Legislative Chamber were established in accordance with their agreed proposals.

President of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev addressed the session.

At the beginning of his speech, the Head of State congratulated the deputies on their election, emphasizing that this is the embodiment of high trust and respect of our people.

It was emphasized that the current parliamentary elections have entered the history as being the first ones held in accordance with the updated Constitution. This process was conducted for the first time under a mixed electoral system.

As a result of the elections, 150 deputies were elected to the Legislative Chamber. Among them were 57 women and 11 young people under 35 years of age. Overall, the composition of the lower house was renewed by almost 60 percent.

The activities of the Chamber over the past five years were discussed. During this period, the Constitution has been updated and more than 130 new laws have been adopted, which is 1.5 times more than in the previous period.

The President also drew attention to the issues that remained out of parliamentary attention. For example, the share of laws with direct action and clear enforcement mechanisms remains low. Parliamentary and deputy control is still not effective enough. The activity of deputies in constituencies is mostly limited to organizing meetings, answering complaints and questions.

The Head of State outlined his vision of the new tasks ahead of the Legislative Chamber.

In particular, it was proposed to create public councils under each committee with the participation of representatives of civil society to strengthen the dialogue.

It is important to establish not only control and requirements in the work of parliamentary committees, but also close cooperation with ministries. It is also necessary to strengthen party and fractional discipline.

The President emphasized that lawmaking, primarily, should be aimed at solving urgent problems of society, and put forward a number of legislative initiatives. Among them are the construction of modern residential buildings replacing outdated ones, guaranteeing the protection of citizens' funds allocated for housing construction, support for private education and investors in the energy sector, introduction of compulsory health insurance, creation of a legal framework for franchising, capital market and startups, and relations arising in the field of artificial intelligence.

In order to boost the opposition, it was proposed to increase the number of guaranteed rights of the parliamentary opposition from 3 to 6, including giving it the positions of one committee chairman and two deputy committee chairmen, as well as additional rights to submit questions within the framework of the “government hour” and parliamentary inquiries.

Particular attention was paid to the need to transition to a system of broad, high-quality parliamentary control. In particular, in accordance with the updated Constitution, the control over the execution of the State Budget is the exclusive competence of the Legislative Chamber. In this regard, it is necessary to strengthen the work of the Chamber in this direction, including the introduction of the practice of submitting all reports of the Government on the State Budget to the Chamber only together with the audit report provided for by the Budget Code.

- A deputy is a servant of the people, a model for all, a person with a high level of political culture and knowledge, who sincerely loves his homeland. Our people, all of us, above all rely on you to strengthen peace, mutual understanding and harmony in the family, mahalla and society, to educate the youth in the spirit of patriotism, to defend the interests of Uzbekistan in the international arena, - said Shavkat Mirziyoyev.

Heads of political party factions and deputies addressed the session. The President supported their views, urged the deputies to work harder and be closer to the people.

- The voice of a deputy is the voice of the people. If you consider every issue concerning the fate of the country and first of all see our hardworking, generous and noble people in front of you, if you act thinking not only about today, but also about peace and happiness of future generations, then our people will be satisfied with you, - emphasized the Head of State.

The Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis adopted resolutions on the agenda.

The current stage of global economic development is characterized by a large-scale transformation of international supply chains and growing geopolitical uncertainty. In this context, transport connectivity is becoming a key factor in ensuring economic security and sustainable development.

These processes are particularly relevant for the countries of Eurasia. Comprehensive transport and logistics cooperation between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Uzbekistan, which serve as key links in the new transit corridor architecture, is of strategic importance here.

Russian-Uzbek cooperation is demonstrating stable positive dynamics. By the end of 2025, the total volume of freight traffic between the countries reached 18.2 million tons, an increase of 13.6 percent compared to the previous year. Exports accounted for 3.6 million tons, imports for 9.2 million tons, and transit for 5.4 million tons.

Rail transport traditionally forms the bulk of freight turnover. In 2025, volumes reached 12.9 million tonnes, representing a 12.3 percent increase compared to the previous year, while transit traffic increased by almost 15 percent to 4.8 million tonnes.

The development of strategic industrial cooperation has become an important stage of cooperation. Specifically, a large-scale project to transfer the Tashkent Passenger Carriage Construction and Repair Plant to the trust management of Transmashholding JSC is being implemented. The signed agreements provide for the complete modernization of the plant by the end of 2026, with the prospect of its phased privatization.

In terms of passenger rail transportation, service has been fully restored on the Tashkent-Moscow and Tashkent-Kazan routes. The launch of train service from Andijan to Moscow and the establishment of direct rail service between the two countries' tourist centers are currently on the agenda.

The development of road transportation also remains an important area of ​​cooperation. By the end of 2025, the volume of road freight transport exceeded 5.2 million tons, representing a 16.5% increase. At the same time, passenger bus service continues to develop. Regular bus services have been established from Tashkent to Novosibirsk, Kazan, Perm, Krasnodar, Ufa, Moscow, and St. Petersburg.

Routes to Nizhny Novgorod, Tyumen, and Yekaterinburg are planned for 2026–2028. To improve service quality, unified service standards, monitoring systems, and digital services, including electronic ticket booking, are being implemented.

Significant results have also been achieved in aviation services. In 2025, more than 34,000 bilateral flights were operated, representing a 4.8% increase, carrying over 4.2 million passengers. Currently, flights operate at a frequency of 340 per week, involving over 45 Russian airlines and leading Uzbek carriers (Uzbekistan Airways, Qanot Sharq, Panorama Airways, and My Freighter).

A breakthrough was reached in June 2025 in Moscow by aviation authorities. The parties agreed to increase the frequency to 1,000 scheduled flights per week. If these quotas are fully utilized, the annual passenger capacity will exceed 16 million passengers. The most significant area of ​​cooperation is the joint development of new international transport corridors, the key one being the multimodal corridor "Belarus – Russia – Kazakhstan – Uzbekistan – Afghanistan – Pakistan." The project was initiated by the signing of a memorandum on the development of this corridor in 2023 at the first SCO Transport Forum.

In April 2024, the first meeting of the working group was held in Termez, where the parties signed a roadmap providing for the analysis of cargo flows, the implementation of electronic digital documents, and the optimization of customs procedures. After Pakistan joined the memorandum, a number of additional meetings of the working group were held throughout 2025, during which tariff conditions, logistics solutions, and the organization of test container shipments along the route were agreed upon.

This transport corridor has the potential to become one of the most important routes in the Eurasian space, providing direct transport and logistics links between the Union State of Belarus and Russia, the countries of Central Asia, and the markets of South Asia.

Russian-Uzbek cooperation in transport and logistics has become a full-scale strategic partnership. The synchronized development of all modes of transport, deep industrial cooperation, and the joint development of new transit routes form a reliable framework for Eurasian connectivity, capable of ensuring economic growth throughout Greater Eurasia.

Leading specialists of the Center for the Study of Transport and Logistics Development Problems under the Ministry of Transport of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Sh. Akhmedov and M. Tohirov

On March 5 President of the Republic of Uzbekistan attended a meeting of the National council on combating corruption. The meeting analysed the work carried out on creating corruption-free environment and defined further goals.

In his speech, the Head of State mentioned that corruption is a serious challenge in the course of reforms.

In this connection in the past years laws were adopted and a new system on combating this vice was created. Responsible committees were formed in the parliamentary chambers, a National council and Anti-Corruption Agency were established.

Particular attention is paid to creating conditions where the public can openly raise and discuss the problem of corruption. The role and influence of the media in this sphere are raising.

Primarily, measures are taken to combat the causes of corruption. For example, the abandonment of allocation of land plots by decisions of khokims and transition to the auction system made the allocation process more open. There have also been positive changes in this area since the introduction of the “Shaffof Kurilish” program.

The adoption of the law on public procurement, digitalization of the system of elections and tenders, as well as the establishment of healthy competition allowed saving 14 trillion soums of budget funds last year.

Today, all banks provide household loans up to 100 million soums online in 5 minutes without human involvement. As a result, thousands of bankers, who used to process such applications, now work directly in mahallas, offering projects and credit programs, thus contributing to the growth of the customer base.

In the pre-school and school education system, more than 10 types of services have been fully converted to electronic format, reducing the number of applications by 2.5 times.

The higher education system was also digitalized: a system for taking tests and selecting universities based on their results was introduced, and the automated receipt of 35 types of documents reduced the number of requests by 2.2 times.

Due to the use of body cameras by traffic safety inspectors, the sale of license plates through auctions, and the elimination of paper protocols, corruption factors have been significantly reduced.

Services to the population and entrepreneurs are organized on the basis of the principle of “the state serving the people”: the requirements to provide 120 types of documents, more than 160 licenses and permits have been abolished. This led to the emergence of almost 200 thousand new entrepreneurs in the market, and the number of enterprises with foreign participation increased almost 5 times, reaching 23 thousand.

The number of electronic public services increased 15 times, reaching 721, and the number of their users exceeded 11 million.

Most importantly, these measures have strengthened the faith of the population, entrepreneurs, foreign partners, international organizations and investors in the ongoing reforms. Over the past seven years, over $120 billion in investments have been attracted, and the country's economy has doubled, reaching $115 billion last year.

The President emphasized that the fight against corruption is an ongoing process and outlined the current issues and future tasks in this sphere.

It was noted that law enforcement agencies are mainly focused on detecting and punishing corrupt acts, while preventive measures aimed at eradicating corruption factors are neglected.

In this regard, it was decided to change the working methodology of the Anti-Corruption Agency. As an experiment, compliance control in five agencies - the Ministries of Health, Construction, Water Resources, Joint Stock Companies “Uzbekneftegaz” and “Uzsuvtaminot” will be transferred to the Agency.

In addition, an in-depth study of factors of domestic and systemic corruption will be conducted at the district level, which will be used to develop specific measures and submitted to the National Council.

It was noted that 75 percent of corruption crimes are committed in the form of domestic corruption in districts and mahallas, so the composition of the regional councils on combating corruption will be completely renewed. They will be headed by chairmen of regional councils of people's deputies.

The regional councils will propose to the National Council amendments to legislation aimed at eradicating corruption factors and ensuring inevitability of punishment.

Eight years ago, a system of sectors for the integrated development of territories was introduced. They contributed to solving socio-economic problems. In recent years, the potential of the regions has increased significantly.

In this regard, it was decided that prosecutors, heads of internal affairs and tax authorities would no longer be involved in sector activities. Additional tasks have been set to prevent and combat crime.

Special attention is paid to preventing corruption in public procurement. An Expert Commission will be established for this purpose. Based on best practices, an electronic platform will be developed to monitor that the prices of goods and services purchased through public procurement do not exceed the market average by more than 20 percent. Accountability measures and fines will be introduced for violation of this requirement.

Requirements for the procurement of fixed assets at the expense of the budget and extra-budgetary funds will also be tightened. Domestic transportation and furniture will be given priority in procurement by government agencies, and a requirement for evaluation against high anti-corruption standards will be introduced for major projects.

The fight against corruption begins with the selection of professional and dedicated employees for the civil service. In this regard, instructions have been given to improve procedures for hiring and evaluating candidates.

The need to adopt a law on the declaration of income of civil servants was noted, and a draft of this law will be submitted for public discussion.

The importance of instilling the ideas of honesty in educational institutions was emphasized in order to educate a new generation intolerant of corruption, as well as to support the initiatives of young people.

Addressing the public, the President said that the fight against corruption is a national task and a matter of conscience for every patriot of the country.

- If we all join forces, we will definitely achieve significant positive results. That is why mahalla activists, the older generation, intellectuals, writers and poets, art and culture workers, businessmen, well-known figures, leaders, deputies and senators - the entire public should become united and consider corruption as a “plague on the body of society”.

During the meeting, a dialogue was held with members of parliament, government representatives and the public.

For the first time, the event held in such a format demonstrated a strong political will to fight corruption.

The Head of State presented 55 concrete initiatives, which will include the development of 5 laws, 12 decrees and resolutions, as well as strengthening the role of Parliament, National and Regional Councils and civil society institutions in the fight against corruption.

The legal basis for the fight against corruption will be strengthened: the introduction of a new system of income declaration and a procedure for preventing illicit enrichment will reduce corruption factors. The activities of the Anti-Corruption Agency and internal control structures in organizations will be strengthened.

The responsibility of heads of ministries and agencies in preventing domestic corruption will be increased. A system of public evaluation of the quality of public services will be established, and strict measures will be taken against managers with the worst performance.

The independence of control inspections will be strengthened, and corruption prevention mechanisms will be introduced in major investment projects and auctions.

By streamlining the public procurement system and restricting direct procurement, budget savings will be achieved, and diversion of public funds will be curbed.

The freed resources will be mobilized to fight crime, which will lead to greater stability in society and increase the confidence of citizens. Strengthened prosecutorial oversight of illegal inspections will contribute to improving the business and investment climate in the regions.

The achieved results will improve the position of our country in international ratings, and by 2027 conditions will be created for Uzbekistan's candidacy for the UNCAC conference.

Most importantly, the legal consciousness of the population, especially young people, will be raised, and the society will form ownership of the fight against corruption.