Navruz is greeted with special enthusiasm throughout the country. On March 20, President Shavkat Mirziyoyev visited Rohat mahalla in Bektemir district, where he took part in festive events.

The mahalla, specializing in services and trade, is home to 4,000 people. Under the new employment system, the mahalla's internal reserves are actively used with the participation of banks. Last year, about 100 residents got jobs, 256 people became self-employed, and 13 people started entrepreneurial activities. Two manufacturing enterprises and dozens of trade and consumer service outlets create convenience for residents.

The Head of State reviewed the activities of these enterprises.

The mahalla has landscaped streets, well-maintained houses, educational and medical institutions, sports grounds, training centers, an amphitheater, crafts and library and information centers. The center for the elderly is especially lively now.

The President took part in the Sumalak celebration and had a warm talk with residents of the mahalla and representatives of the older generation. During the conversation, plans for the current year were discussed, including ensuring peace and stability, supporting entrepreneurship and creating new jobs.

– I am glad to see your mahalla so well-maintained and people in a good mood. Over time, we will expand opportunities in all districts. The most important thing is to maintain peace and unity. Remember what the situation was on our borders before? We solve all issues in a balanced manner, with political will. Thanks to the organization of work on the ground, we see the real picture in 10 thousand mahallas. Through the "mahalla seven" system, assistance reaches every home. We still have a lot of work to do in terms of increasing the population's income, reducing poverty and youth policy. This is why we are paying more attention to education, especially to the education of girls. A society where young people are educated and spiritually developed will definitely achieve prosperity, - emphasized Shavkat Mirziyoyev.

In the Rohat mahalla, young residents receive a quality education in a comprehensive school, a children's music and art school, the “Barkamol Avlod” center and an academic lyceum. The construction of a new preschool institution was recently completed, which will open up new opportunities for the early development of children.

Just a few years ago, the concept of the “smart city” was largely seen as a futuristic idea associated with digital control panels, autonomous transport, widespread sensor networks, and automated urban services.

Today, the smart city has become a practical tool for addressing modern urban challenges. This trend can be seen across countries facing rapid population growth, increasing migration to major metropolitan areas, overstretched infrastructure, and mounting climate risks.

In this context, smart technologies are no longer viewed as an end in themselves. Instead, they are increasingly used to improve the resilience and efficiency of key urban systems, including transport, energy, public utilities, waste management, and environmental monitoring. This allows cities to adapt more effectively to emerging challenges, reduce pressure on infrastructure, and improve the overall quality of urban life.

At the same time, smart city development is gaining strategic economic importance by creating long-term drivers of growth. Such projects attract substantial investment by combining digital infrastructure, innovative services, and principles of sustainable development.

The growth of smart urban areas also contributes to job creation in high-tech sectors ranging from IT and telecommunications to engineering and urban data analytics. In parallel, the modernization of urban infrastructure improves resource management and raises overall living standards.

Against this backdrop, the approaches taken by Uzbekistan and Azerbaijan deserve particular attention. Rather than simply following a global trend, both countries are developing their own models of smart urbanization — ones in which technology serves people and supports the creation of more comfortable, sustainable, and future-oriented cities.

In this regard, Uzbekistan offers a particularly notable example, as urbanization is becoming an increasingly pressing issue amid steady demographic growth. The country’s population is growing by approximately 1.8–2% annually, placing additional pressure on transport systems, housing, infrastructure, and social services.

Under these conditions, the government is focusing not on limited modernization of the existing urban environment, but on the creation of new growth centers. The Smart City concept adopted in 2019, followed by the Digital Uzbekistan – 2030 strategy, established the institutional foundation for the large-scale digital transformation of urban infrastructure and public services.

One of the most visible outcomes of this strategy is the New Tashkent project, whose significance extends far beyond that of a traditional urban development initiative.

In essence, the project aims to create a new economic, administrative, and investment hub capable of easing pressure on the existing capital while introducing a fundamentally new model of urban organization based on smart city principles and sustainable development.

In this case, the concept of the “15-minute city,” green infrastructure, digital governance, public transport prioritization, and energy efficiency are not treated as separate elements, but as components of a broader strategy aimed at expanding economic space and improving the quality of the urban environment.

Against this backdrop, New Tashkent illustrates how urbanization can serve not only as a response to infrastructure pressures, but also as a tool for creating new centers of economic growth capable of redistributing business activity and shaping the long-term development of the urban agglomeration.

This is also why the project has a distinctly international dimension. Its implementation involves Singapore’s Meinhardt Group, the UK-based Foster + Partners and Cross Works, the Dutch firm OMA, Japan’s Sojitz Corporation, South Korea’s Incheon International Airport Corporation, and other international partners. This reflects Uzbekistan’s efforts to integrate global expertise into its national development model.

Azerbaijan, in turn, has chosen a different approach to the development of smart urban spaces. Rather than building entirely new cities from scratch, the focus has been placed on the restoration and comprehensive modernization of recently reintegrated territories alongside the introduction of modern urban planning solutions and Smart City technologies.

This approach goes beyond the physical reconstruction of infrastructure and involves rethinking urban development through digital technologies, sustainable planning, and green standards.

Following the reintegration of Karabakh and Eastern Zangezur, Azerbaijan faced not only the challenge of rebuilding damaged territories, but also the task of their socio-economic reintegration into the country’s broader development framework. In this context, the concepts of Smart City and Smart Village have gained particular strategic importance, serving as the foundation for a new model of territorial planning and governance.

Within this model, technology is no longer viewed solely as a modernization tool, but as an instrument for comprehensive territorial development. It supports the rapid restoration of basic services, creates conditions for the return of displaced populations, stimulates economic activity, and enables more effective management of spatial development.

One of the clearest examples is Aghali — Azerbaijan’s first “smart village.” The project demonstrates how digital infrastructure, renewable energy, smart agriculture, and modern public services can become part of a new model of post-conflict reconstruction.

The village covers around 119 hectares and includes more than 200 modern eco-friendly homes equipped with smart systems, as well as social and public infrastructure facilities, including a school, kindergarten, medical center, ASAN xidmət and DOST service centers, small business facilities, and administrative buildings.

A similar development model can also be seen in Fizuli, Aghdam, Shusha, Khojaly, and several other settlements, where new infrastructure systems are being developed based on environmental sustainability, transport accessibility, and digital management of urban and rural services.

Like Uzbekistan, Azerbaijan also relies heavily on international cooperation as a key driver of modernization. Huawei is involved in implementing digital solutions, the World Bank provides analytical and advisory support, while Japan is expanding cooperation in smart infrastructure and green energy, contributing to the adoption of advanced technological practices.

Uzbekistan is building a new urban environment from the ground up, while Azerbaijan is developing its model against the backdrop of a complex historical and territorial transformation. At first glance, these are very different starting points. Yet this is precisely what makes the similarities in their approaches particularly notable. In both cases, digital infrastructure is not treated as an additional layer built onto the city, but as a core element shaping its future development from the outset.

At the same time, neither country is pursuing a model based on copying existing examples. The experiences of Singapore, Dubai, and Qatar are being studied, but not replicated. Instead, both states are developing their own models tailored to local demographic, geographic, historical, and social realities. This reflects not a limitation of choice, but the maturity of their strategic approach.

Against the backdrop of accelerating urbanization across Central Asia and the South Caucasus, the experiences of Uzbekistan and Azerbaijan are increasingly emerging as a kind of laboratory for new development models. While their strategies differ in tools and priorities, both are driven by the same objective: building a new generation of cities that combine technology, sustainability, adaptability, and a people-centered approach.

Abbosbek Mashrapov

Senior Research Fellow, International Institute for Central Asia

For Uzbekistan, Commonwealth of Independent States primarily represent a set of practical mechanisms, including the free trade regime, mutual recognition of documents and standards, visa-free movement of citizens, and agreements on transit and transportation. These mechanisms have a direct, everyday impact on business operations and household incomes.

Speaking at the CIS Summit in Dushanbe in October 2025, President Shavkat Mirziyoyev described the member states as “our natural partners.” In this context, cooperation within the CIS is not viewed as an alternative to other foreign policy priorities, but rather as one of the pillars of the country’s economic diplomacy.

In 2025, Uzbekistan’s GDP grew by 7.7%, while exports reached $33.8 billion, an increase of 24%. CIS countries accounted for approximately one-third of Uzbekistan’s foreign trade. This share has remained broadly unchanged for several years, despite the rapid expansion of economic ties with other regions.

In October 2024, trade turnover within the Commonwealth was reported to have increased by 16%. By the end of the year, it had grown by a further 11%. In 2025, it reached $27.4 billion, representing an increase of more than 20%.

This stability is driven not by the inertia of established ties, but by rational economic considerations. CIS markets are familiar to Uzbek businesses: standards are broadly comparable, language barriers are limited, logistics networks are well established, and goods enjoy duty-free access. With a combined population of approximately 250 million, the Commonwealth generates sustained demand for fruit and vegetables, textiles, automobiles, electrical equipment, chemicals and services. For companies entering foreign markets for the first time, the CIS represents the least risky destination.

This is precisely why the Commonwealth serves as a launchpad for Uzbek businesses. Having gained export experience in neighbouring countries, companies are better positioned to enter more complex markets. Russia and Kazakhstan remain Uzbekistan’s principal partners within the CIS, followed by Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Belarus. At the same time, China - which has become Uzbekistan’s largest trading partner - Türkiye and the Republic of Korea are also among the country’s top five trading partners, confirming the multi-vector nature of Uzbekistan’s foreign economic policy.

Importantly, Uzbekistan ceased to be a passive participant in the Commonwealth long ago. Since 2017, it has restored its active presence within CIS institutions, joined more than twenty sectoral bodies and signed 24 multilateral agreements.

This policy culminated in Uzbekistan’s first chairmanship of the CIS in 2020. The guiding objective established at the time to “gradually advance cooperation to a qualitatively new level” - has shaped the country’s subsequent engagement within the Commonwealth.

At CIS summits, the President of Uzbekistan has put forward more than one hundred initiatives, most of them designed to address specific barriers. Tashkent has consistently advocated the operation of the free trade area “without exemptions or restrictions,” the expansion of green corridors, the development of e-commerce and broader access to public procurement.

In 2025, the President stressed that “it is important to expand mutual market access in our countries.” He proposed establishing a rapid-response mechanism under the CIS Economic Council to address changes in market conditions and called for the accelerated removal of technical barriers.

This is directly linked to Uzbekistan’s national objective of increasing exports to $67 billion by 2030. Harmonised requirements, digital document exchange, mutual recognition of certificates and faster border clearance can transform geographical proximity into a sustainable competitive advantage for Uzbek goods. This is particularly important for small businesses, for which the cost of administrative procedures often exceeds the tariffs themselves.

The significance of the Commonwealth, however, extends beyond trade flows to include labour migration. Remittances, which amounted to approximately $18.9 billion in 2025, account for a substantial share of household incomes. Their geographical distribution is becoming more diversified: between 2022 and 2025, remittances from Kazakhstan increased by 24.5%, from the United States by 50%, from the Republic of Korea by 2.1 times, from Türkiye by 2.5 times and from the European Union by 2.4 times. As a result, migration-related income is becoming more resilient to fluctuations in individual labour markets.

The quality of this process depends on an effective legal framework. As early as 2020, Shavkat Mirziyoyev proposed creating a unified mechanism for recognising migrant workers’ documents and developing a programme for their social and legal protection. The economic rationale is clear: recognised qualifications and transparent employment arrangements increase workers’ earnings and allow them to bring accumulated skills and expertise back into the national economy.

These efforts are complemented by humanitarian cooperation, which helps build the human capital required for future development. In 2025, Uzbekistan initiated a new agreement on the recognition of diplomas and proposed holding a CIS Youth Forum in Khiva, together with the establishment of a Youth Innovation Laboratory. For a country where the average age of the population is approximately 30 and the population increases by around 750,000 people annually, access to educational and professional opportunities has direct economic significance.

The physical connectivity of markets is equally important. Uzbekistan is landlocked and separated from seaports by the territory of at least two countries. Logistics costs therefore have a direct impact on the competitiveness of its exports. Since most traditional transport routes pass through CIS countries, simplifying transit and harmonising customs procedures is not a matter of protocol, but a practical necessity measured in delivery times and production costs.

This issue has been a consistent feature of Tashkent’s proposals since 2020. In 2025, the President proposed establishing information and logistics centres integrated with all modes of transport, called for greater private investment in infrastructure and suggested holding a CIS Conference on Public-Private Partnerships in Transport in Uzbekistan.

The benefits of these measures extend beyond transit revenues. Linking the North–South and East–West corridors and securing access to ports on the Baltic, Black and Caspian seas would diversify transport routes and transform Uzbekistan into a connecting hub between Eurasian markets.

Reliable logistics also attracts warehouses, dry ports and export-oriented production facilities along major transport routes, thereby contributing to the development of the country’s regions.

Energy cooperation also deserves particular attention. CIS countries are connected through shared gas and electricity networks. For an economy with rapidly growing demand, this provides greater energy security and access to infrastructure whose reconstruction from scratch would require enormous investment. Uzbekistan is implementing programmes with its partners in conventional and renewable power generation, including the construction of a nuclear power plant. In 2025, it also proposed a Programme for the Innovative Development of the CIS Energy Sector. Similar considerations apply to food security, as a common market helps mitigate seasonal fluctuations in supply.

The existing foundation creates opportunities for more advanced forms of cooperation. The principal source of future growth lies in moving beyond a predominantly trade-based model towards deeper industrial cooperation, since Uzbekistan’s exports to CIS countries still largely consist of primary processed goods.

The objective of the next stage is to create greater added value within Uzbekistan—that is, to transform the nature of economic relations. Several of Tashkent’s proposals serve this purpose, including a Comprehensive Programme of Industrial Cooperation, the idea of placing joint production at the centre of the Commonwealth’s agenda, measures to encourage mutual investment, and a CIS Innovative Industry Forum to be held alongside INNOPROM. The President of Uzbekistan has noted the existence of “numerous examples of successful industrial cooperation.” The main task now is to replicate these successes on a broader scale.

Several promising areas are already apparent.

First, the agro-industrial sector: deep processing of fruit and vegetables, storage facilities, and cooperation in seed production and veterinary services. Uzbekistan possesses a substantial raw material base, while its partners have processing and packaging technologies that can increase the final value of products.

Second, mechanical engineering, electrical equipment and construction materials. Uzbekistan is interested not so much in importing finished products as in establishing highly localised joint ventures. This format facilitates technology transfer, engineering skills development and job creation—benefits that cannot be achieved through conventional supply arrangements alone. Promising areas include components for transport equipment and agricultural machinery, pharmaceuticals, chemicals and advanced materials.

Third, digital solutions and payment infrastructure capable of reducing the costs of cross-border trade. Following the Artificial Intelligence Forum held in Samarkand in August 2025, Uzbekistan proposed an action plan to deepen cooperation on digitalisation and establish a CIS Venture Platform.

The necessary financial resources are available. According to the CIS Executive Committee, citing UNCTAD data, foreign direct investment inflows into CIS countries amounted to $23.2 billion in 2023, while outward investment reached almost $32.5 billion. To channel these resources into production, Uzbekistan proposed a roadmap to support special economic and industrial zones, along with measures to facilitate industrial cooperation projects. The interregional level is particularly promising, as it allows the practical needs of businesses to be identified more quickly.

It is also important that such projects extend beyond the bilateral dimension. Uzbekistan is located at the heart of Central Asia and maintains well-established ties with all its neighbours. A joint venture based in Uzbekistan gains direct access to a rapidly growing regional market of approximately 85 million people—a compelling argument in favour of localising production in the country.

Such cooperation is becoming a natural driver of the objectives set out in the Uzbekistan–2030 Strategy: accelerated industrialisation, export growth and higher household incomes. The Commonwealth remains one of the practical instruments for achieving these goals—not the only one, but one that is operational and well established. As Uzbekistan’s economy becomes more sophisticated, its expectations of the CIS are also evolving—from basic market access to the development of integrated production chains.

This transition represents the principal opportunity for future cooperation. Dynamic economic growth, an expanding domestic market and an active investment policy provide a solid foundation for a new quality of engagement. As President of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev has emphasised, the decisions being taken should serve “the well-being and prosperity of our countries and peoples.” This remains the key measure of the effectiveness of multilateral partnership.

Alexey Kustov,

Chief Research Fellow
Institute for Strategic and Regional Studies
under the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan

Historical Background

The history of Uzbek - Finnish relations dates back to the early 1990s, when Finland became one of the first countries to recognize the independence of the Republic of Uzbekistan - on 30 December 1991. Just two months later, on 26 February 1992, diplomatic relations were officially established, marking the beginning of a new chapter based on mutual respect, trust, and a shared commitment to technological progress.

The first high-level visits in 1992 laid the foundation for political dialogue. During that year, Uzbekistan took part in the signing ceremonies of the OSCE Helsinki Final Act and the Paris Charter. In October of the same year, Finnish President Mauno Koivisto paid an official visit to Tashkent, further consolidating the partnership. Since then, cooperation between the two countries has developed steadily across political and economic spheres.

Legal and Institutional Framework

Today, the legal framework governing Uzbek-Finnish relations comprises eight active documents, including two interstate and six intergovernmental agreements. These include the 1992 Agreements on Mutual Protection of Investments and on Trade, Economic, and Technological Cooperation, as well as treaties on air and road transport (1996 and 1997) and agreements on avoiding double taxation and on customs cooperation.

New initiatives reflecting the modern stage of partnership are under consideration - such as a draft agreement on visa exemption for holders of diplomatic passports, a memorandum on cooperation in environmental protection, and a protocol on consultations between the foreign ministries.

Cooperation Priorities: Technology, Ecology, and Innovation

Finland, recognized globally as a leader in innovation, sustainable development, and green technologies, serves as a valuable model for Uzbekistan in its transition toward a digital and energy-efficient economy.

In 2017, a business delegation of nine Finnish companies specializing in engineering, agribusiness, telecommunications, and logistics visited Uzbekistan to participate in the AgroWorld Uzbekistan international exhibition. This visit gave new impetus to direct business-to-business engagement.

In April 2019, Tashkent hosted a delegation led by Mikko Koiranen, Deputy State Secretary of Finland for Foreign Economic Relations. The delegation included 29 representatives from leading companies and organizations - such as Nokia Siemens Networks, ABB, Wärtsilä, Uponor Infra, Tikkurila, ISKU, and Airbus Defense and Space. Discussions focused on implementing Finnish technologies in Uzbekistan, joint energy and raw material processing projects, and opportunities in smart cities and water management.

Later, in November 2019, Antti Koskelainen from the Finnish export credit agency Finnvera visited Tashkent, marking an important step toward deeper financial and investment cooperation. Meetings with the Ministry of Investment, Industry and Trade, the Ministry of Finance, and the Agency for State Asset Management addressed mechanisms for crediting and insuring Finnish export operations in Uzbekistan.

Trade: A Threefold Growth in One Year

Economic cooperation between Uzbekistan and Finland continues to expand. The two countries enjoy Most-Favored-Nation trade status, and regular meetings of the Joint Intergovernmental Commission on Trade, Economic, and Scientific-Technical Cooperation (five sessions to date, the latest held in Tashkent in February 2023) ensure a dynamic dialogue.

Trade turnover has shown remarkable growth in recent years: from USD 48.45 million in 2020 to USD 151.7 million in 2024 - an increase of over threefold. This upward trend reflects intensified business ties and growing interest among Finnish companies in the Uzbek market.

Investment and Business Cooperation

Finland is viewed in Uzbekistan not only as a trading partner but also as a source of innovation and investment. Currently, 14 enterprises with Finnish capital operate in Uzbekistan - four joint ventures and ten with 100% foreign ownership - active in sectors such as electronics, software, energy, agriculture, food processing, chemicals, and telecommunications equipment.

Finnish businesses are showing strong interest in renewable energy, waste recycling, eco-construction, water management, and sustainable agriculture. Uzbekistan, in turn, offers attractive conditions for investors - tax incentives, developed industrial infrastructure, and access to a 75-million-strong Central Asian market.

Finland’s Economic Potential: Opportunities for Partnership

Finland is one of Europe’s most advanced and innovative economies, known for its high living standards, sound macroeconomics, and strong industrial base. In 2024, its GDP exceeded USD 320 billion, with GDP per capita around USD 58,000. The economy is well-balanced, with services accounting for over 70%, industry 27%, and agriculture 2.5%. Inflation remains one of the lowest in Europe - around 3% - ensuring a stable and predictable business environment.

For Uzbekistan, cooperation with Finland opens wide-ranging opportunities for industrial, investment, and technological partnership, including:

• Energy: joint projects in renewable energy, smart grids, and energy storage; development of solar panel and wind equipment manufacturing.
• Water and Environment: Finnish expertise in water purification, waste processing, and efficient water management, particularly relevant for agriculture and urban infrastructure.
• Engineering and Electronics: creation of joint ventures in industrial equipment, automation systems, and telecommunications.
• Construction and Green Materials: Finnish participation in energy-efficient building projects, production of eco-friendly insulation and finishing materials, and smart home systems.
• Education and Science: joint engineering and IT education programs, establishment of research laboratories, and introduction of dual education models based on Finnish experience.
• Agro-Industry: cooperation in precision farming, agricultural digitalization, and production of eco-friendly export-oriented goods.

Finland’s experience in sustainable development and digital transformation makes it a strategic partner for Uzbekistan’s “green economy” agenda and industrial modernization. At the same time, Uzbekistan - with its abundant natural resources, young workforce, and expanding domestic market - offers Finnish companies favorable conditions for localization and regional expansion.

A Look Ahead

The partnership between Uzbekistan and Finland goes beyond traditional economic cooperation. It stands as an example of how innovation and sustainability can form the foundation of long-term, mutually beneficial relations. Joint projects in digitalization, green energy, and education are paving new avenues for the exchange of expertise, technologies, and investments.

Finland regards Uzbekistan as a reliable partner in Central Asia, while Uzbekistan views Finland as a strategic ally in advancing its “smart growth” model and building a knowledge-based economy.

The synergy between Finland’s pragmatic northern experience and Uzbekistan’s dynamic eastern development creates a powerful foundation for further strengthening bilateral relations - grounded in trust, innovation, and mutual respect.

TASHKENT — Uzbekistan has unveiled its updated Uzbekistan–2030 Strategy, marking a major step in the country’s journey toward national reform and development. Officials emphasise that implementing reform requires responsibility, consistency, institutional discipline, and public legitimacy. The government has revised the strategy following extensive public consultations, ensuring that citizens’ voices are reflected in the results-based policy framework. Aligned with international standards and designed to advance the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, the strategy positions Uzbekistan as an active participant in the global development agenda.

A defining feature of the strategy is its emphasis on measurable implementation. Authorities have established 100 goals to be assessed annually through 2030, each with designated institutions, mechanisms, and financing sources. This approach creates a governance model centred on accountability and transparency. International organisations and development partners will also be able to monitor progress, access reports, and contribute expertise — a move officials say will further enhance transparency and attract external support.

The first major priority of the strategy is to create opportunities for every person to realise their potential, with 44 goals linked to human development. These include targets for expanding access to education, healthcare, employment, and social protection. In education, the government aims to boost pre-school coverage to 80 per cent, achieve universal participation in school-preparation groups, and modernise schools with electronic boards and new-generation textbooks. Teachers’ salaries are set to double, and 500,000 education staff will receive ongoing professional development. Higher and vocational education goals include expanding access, improving graduate employability, and increasing the number of internationally accredited university programs to 200.

Officials have tied human capital development to advances in science and innovation. The strategy calls for raising spending on science to 1 per cent of GDP, increasing the number of research and innovation projects, and propelling Uzbekistan into the top 60 of the Global Innovation Index.

Healthcare reforms aim to increase average life expectancy to 78 years, with health expenditure projected to rise to 5 per cent of GDP. Priorities include reducing premature deaths from major diseases, improving maternal and child health, and expanding digital healthcare services. Broader social goals include increasing women’s representation in leadership and civil service, eliminating extreme poverty, reducing unemployment to 4 per cent, and training 2 million citizens in new skills and foreign languages.

Youth policy is another central pillar, with goals to offer free foreign language instruction to 7 million young people, train 3 million in modern professions using AI tools, and employ 300,000 in the IT sector. The strategy also seeks to boost participation in sports, culture, and the arts nationwide.

The second major priority is sustainable economic growth. The government has set targets to increase GDP from $145 billion to over $240 billion by 2030, and GDP per capita from $3,800 to $5,800. Other economic targets include keeping inflation at 5 per cent, public debt below 50 per cent of GDP, and the budget deficit under 3 per cent.

Plans for industry focus on diversification and value addition, with aims to boost high-tech output, raise car production to 1 million units (including 200,000 electric vehicles), create 1.8 million industrial jobs, and increase industrial value added to $60 billion. The government expects over 400 strategic projects worth $150 billion in foreign investment. Financial reforms will include bank privatisation, expanded credit, and the development of Islamic finance.

The strategy also emphasises the green economy. Officials want renewable energy to account for 54 per cent of total generation and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 35 per cent. Transport and logistics improvements will include expanding transit freight, repairing or building roads, and modernising airports. In agriculture, the focus is on boosting productivity and exports, with a target of $10 billion in agricultural exports.

Environmental protection and water saving are also key goals. Uzbekistan plans to improve water-use efficiency by 25 per cent, fully meter drinking water, and expand water-saving technology in agriculture. Other environmental targets include increasing urban greenery, expanding forested land, and creating new green spaces in the Aral Sea region and deserts. The government also aims to improve biodiversity, waste management, air quality, and climate resilience.

Strengthening the rule of law and public service is another core priority. The strategy aims to improve local governance, expand electronic public services, and reduce emergency response times. Legislative reforms will focus on increasing the number of directly applicable laws and reducing the regulatory burden. At the same time, additional measures will promote meritocracy, judicial reform, human rights, anti-corruption, and public oversight.

The strategy also calls for advancing a safe and peace-loving state by promoting an active foreign policy, regional cooperation, support for Uzbeks abroad, and better-managed labour migration. Targets include increasing the number of visa-free destinations for Uzbek citizens, boosting trade turnover with neighbours, expanding diplomatic representation abroad, and advancing WTO accession. Other goals include defence modernisation, disaster preparedness, and strengthening public trust and interethnic harmony.

A formal monitoring system will track implementation through a digital platform, using colour-coded performance categories to flag progress or delays. The Development Strategy Centre will play a key role in monitoring strategic indicators and recommending improvements.

The Uzbekistan–2030 Strategy stands out for combining ambition with a structured, results-oriented approach. Rather than isolated initiatives, the government is pursuing a coordinated, accountable, and long-term transformation agenda. The strategy is expected to guide Uzbekistan’s development and reform efforts well into the next decade.

By Eldor Tulyakov,

Executive Director, Development Strategy Centre

For centuries, life in Central Asia has been inseparable from water. Across the Amu Darya and Syr Darya basins, settlements, agriculture and trade developed around rivers, canals and irrigation systems. Water has therefore never been merely a natural resource for the region; it has been one of the foundations of its economic life, social stability and shared history.

Today, the water challenge is more pressing than ever. Climate change, population and economic growth, shrinking glaciers, droughts and increasingly frequent extreme weather events are placing mounting pressure on water resources. One conclusion is clear: no single country can ensure water security in Central Asia on its own. The only sustainable path lies in cooperation, mutual trust, accurate measurement and shared responsibility.

One River Basin, Shared Interests

Central Asia’s major rivers originate in some countries and flow through others. The Syr Darya is of vital importance to Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan, while the Amu Darya is equally significant for Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan.

This geographical reality makes it essential to avoid framing the interests of upstream and downstream countries as inherently opposed. For one state, water may be a key source of hydropower; for another, it is indispensable for irrigated agriculture. At the same time, preserving river ecosystems, improving the environmental situation in the Aral Sea region and ensuring access to safe drinking water are common priorities for all countries.

Around 90 per cent of water in Central Asia is used in agriculture. Water management therefore cannot be shaped solely around the interests of one sector or one country. What is needed is a regional approach that recognises the close interdependence of water, energy, food security and the environment.

Open Dialogue, Practical Results

In recent years, dialogue among the countries of Central Asia has become more open and constructive. This has had a direct impact on cooperation in the water sector. Whereas discussions once focused primarily on seasonal water allocation, the agenda today is considerably broader, encompassing water-energy cooperation, joint management of shared facilities, digitalisation, improved water accounting, scientific collaboration and professional training.

At the Seventh Consultative Meeting of the Heads of State of Central Asia, held in Tashkent in November 2025, the President of Uzbekistan drew attention to growing water scarcity and proposed declaring 2026–2036 the “Decade of Practical Action for the Rational Use of Water in Central Asia”. The establishment of a Regional Competence Centre for Water Management at the Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers National Research University was also proposed.

At the summit of the International Fund for Saving the Aral Sea in April 2026, the President of Uzbekistan outlined priority tasks for the country’s chairmanship of the Fund in 2027–2029. These include improving the Fund’s organisational and legal mechanisms, increasing the effectiveness of programmes in the Aral Sea basin, attracting international financing, promoting a culture of responsible water use and strengthening professional capacity in the sector.

Agreements as the Practical Basis of Cooperation

Regional dialogue produces lasting results only when it is backed by concrete agreements and practical cooperation.

On 15 November 2025, Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan signed an Agreement on the Joint Management and Rational Use of Transboundary Water Bodies. The agreement is designed to establish systematic cooperation between the two countries in the water sector, improve coordination among responsible agencies and ensure more effective use of shared water resources and infrastructure.

With the Kyrgyz Republic, issues related to water use, the operation of hydraulic structures and the distribution of water during the irrigation season are regularly addressed through joint mechanisms. On 15 May 2026, the eighth meeting of the Uzbek-Kyrgyz Joint Commission on Water Management was held in Namangan. In June, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan also agreed on water release volumes and electricity supplies for the 2026 irrigation season.

Within the framework of the joint Working Group with Tajikistan, the parties regularly discuss transboundary water-management projects, exchange experience in managing water resources and address other practical matters.

Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Kazakhstan also cooperate in coordinating the summer operating regime of the Bahri Tojik Reservoir. This issue is agreed annually at working-level meetings involving representatives of the three countries and is formalised through the relevant protocols.

A joint intergovernmental commission on water issues operates between Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan. Cooperation covers water-saving technologies, the reconstruction of collector-drainage networks, scientific exchange and professional training in irrigation. In 2025, for example, the second stage of the reconstruction of the Ozyorny and Daryolik main collectors in Turkmenistan was completed.

These examples demonstrate an important shift: water cooperation in Central Asia is moving beyond general declarations towards concrete mechanisms — commissions, agreements, technical projects and water-energy exchanges.

Accurate Data as a Foundation of Trust

In water relations, trust is built not only through political declarations but also through accurate and transparent data.

How much water is flowing in a river? What volumes are stored in reservoirs? How much water has been released, how much has reached users and how much has been lost along the way? These questions must be answered on the basis of reliable information that all parties can trust.

This is why it is increasingly important to automate transboundary hydrological gauging stations, enable remote data transmission, introduce digital water accounting and harmonise information-exchange systems among countries.

In July 2026, the World Bank approved the Regional Cooperation Project to Improve the Efficiency of Water Resources Use in Central Asian Countries (CAWEC), aimed at strengthening transboundary water cooperation in the region.

The project envisages a US$20 million grant to the Executive Committee of the International Fund for Saving the Aral Sea. The funds are intended to support the digitalisation of water accounting in the Amu Darya and Syr Darya basins, modernise information systems and strengthen the professional capacity of specialists.

By 2031, the project is also expected to support the preparation of mutually beneficial transboundary investment projects involving at least two Central Asian countries, including preliminary feasibility studies, design and cost documentation, and environmental and social assessments.

It is expected that around 40 million people will benefit directly or indirectly from the project’s results.

Water Conservation in Uzbekistan Also Serves Regional Interests

The rational use of transboundary water resources begins with the responsibility of each country to use water efficiently within its own territory.

In 2017, water-saving technologies were applied on 28,000 hectares in Uzbekistan. By the end of 2025, this figure had reached 2.6 million hectares — nearly 60 per cent of the country’s irrigated land. Since the beginning of 2026, water-saving technologies have been introduced on a further 640,000 hectares.

Around 174,000 kilometres of irrigation networks are used to supply water to 4.3 million hectares of irrigated land in Uzbekistan. Public funding for modernising this extensive system, reducing water losses in canals and improving efficiency has increased steadily. In 2017, 842 billion soums were allocated to irrigation and land-reclamation works; in 2020, the figure rose to 1.7 trillion soums, and in 2025 to 3 trillion soums.

In 2026, 4.1 trillion soums were allocated from the state budget for irrigation and land-reclamation facilities — 4.9 times the 2017 level.

By the end of 2026, Uzbekistan plans to save 11 billion cubic metres of water through the wider use of water-saving technologies, laser land levelling, the repair and concrete lining of irrigation networks, digitalisation, optimisation of crop patterns and improved agricultural practices. Under the state programme for 2025–2028, this figure is expected to rise to 12 billion cubic metres in 2027 and 13 billion cubic metres in 2028.

These figures matter not only for Uzbekistan, but for the region as a whole. Every cubic metre of water saved in one country reduces pressure on the shared river basin. Water conservation is therefore not merely a national objective; it is also a practical expression of good-neighbourly responsibility.

Five Pillars for the Future

Five areas are particularly important if Central Asia is to take water cooperation to a new level.

First, interstate cooperation mechanisms need to be adapted to contemporary realities. Clear legal arrangements are required for water allocation, the use of shared infrastructure and the exchange of information.

Second, water accounting should be further digitalised, with timely exchange of data on water availability and flows. Reliable information is the foundation of reliable cooperation.

Third, the region needs more joint investment projects to modernise ageing canals, hydraulic structures, pumping stations and water-metering facilities. The uninterrupted operation of a single facility in one country may directly serve the interests of several neighbouring states.

Fourth, water and energy issues should be addressed in an integrated manner. Better coordination of reservoir operating regimes, electricity supplies and seasonal water needs can significantly improve the efficiency of resource use.

Fifth, greater attention must be paid to science, human capital and a culture of responsible water use. Modern technologies alone are not enough. They require skilled specialists, farmers who have a clear incentive to conserve water, and a society that understands the true value of this resource.

Water conservation is not the responsibility of water professionals alone. It is also a matter of economic thinking, environmental responsibility and everyday culture.

Water as a Shared Responsibility for a Common Future

The history of Central Asia shows that water has not only sustained communities; it has also connected them. Villages, cities, markets and cultural ties developed along rivers, canals and irrigation channels. Preserving that unifying role of water is just as important today.

In the twenty-first century, effective water management is determined not only by how much water is available. It also depends on the quality of cooperation between countries, the efficiency with which water is used, and the accuracy with which it is measured and accounted for.

The challenges ahead are substantial. Demand for water is rising, the climate is changing and economies are expanding. Yet Central Asia has also developed a stronger culture of cooperation. Regular dialogue among heads of state, bilateral and multilateral agreements, modern technologies and support from international partners are creating practical opportunities to address shared challenges together.

Joint efforts to conserve water contribute to peace and stability. Rational use of this vital resource is an investment in economic development. Above all, it is an investment in a more prosperous, resilient and sustainable future for the entire region.

Shavkat KHAMRAEV,

Minister of Water Resources of the Republic of Uzbekistan,
Honored Irrigator of Uzbekistan

It is worth noting that one of Uzbekistan’s greatest achievements since independence has been ensuring peace, interethnic harmony, and mutual understanding among its multinational population. In particular, the wise national policy developed in our country in recent years is based on the key idea: “Multinationality is the wealth of Uzbekistan”.

         It should be emphasized that cooperation between Uzbekistan and Turkey is currently gaining increasing significance in both quantitative and qualitative terms. Relations between the two countries, as a truly new stage of strategic cooperation, clearly demonstrate that historically and today, the Turkish and Uzbek peoples are truly fraternal peoples, not only in ethnic origin but also in spirit. Despite all the changes in historical development, these two fraternal peoples are steadily and diligently strengthening their national statehood, implementing the necessary reforms to remain competitive in a rapidly changing world. In this context, Turkey’s developed industry, achievements in agriculture, tourism potential, extensive statehood experience, and the growing natural interest of Turkish investors in the Uzbek market are of great importance to our country.

         This closeness and commonality of approaches are the most reliable guarantee that the development of cultural and humanitarian ties between Uzbekistan and Turkey will continue to strengthen and deepen in the future, for the benefit of the Uzbek and Turkish peoples.

         In particular, this is due to the age-old bonds of friendship, brotherhood, and mutual understanding between the Uzbek and Turkish peoples, as well as the similarity of culture, religion, and traditions of the peoples of both countries. This also demonstrates that these relations have deep historical and cultural roots, which provide a solid foundation. Moreover, culturally and historically, these two countries played a central role in the development of the civilization of the Turkic peoples. Therefore, at the 7^th summit held in Baku on October 15, 2019, Uzbekistan’s accession to the Cooperation Council of Turkic-Speaking States as a full member was highly praised and greeted with enthusiasm by all participating states. It is no exaggeration to say that this event not only strengthened the spirit of brotherhood in the Turkic world but also led to the emergence of a new regular cooperation format between Ankara and Tashkent.

         At the 8^th Summit of the organization, held in Istanbul on November 12, 2021, its name was changed to the Organization of Turkic States. The Summit also approved the concept of the Turkic world through 2040. President of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev proposed holding the first summit of the Organization of Turkic States in Uzbekistan in 2022. The proposal was accepted, and the next, 9^th summit of the organization was held in Uzbekistan in November 2022.

         It is important to emphasize that in 2022, the leaders of the two countries celebrated the 30^th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations and the 5^th anniversary of the establishment of a strategic partnership. Our view is supported by the agreement to strengthen cooperation on reforms in Uzbekistan, implement public-private partnership mechanisms, and deepen partnerships in science, education, art, cinema, tourism, and information.

         Furthermore, President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Sh. M. Mirziyoyev is actively implementing a large-scale reform program aimed at expanding Uzbekistan’s economic opportunities and improving the well-being and living standards of the population. The success of this policy, to some extent, depends on elevating our country’s effective relations with its international partners to a qualitatively new level. The special attention is deserved that Uzbekistan is responding to fundamental global changes with a new, proactive, pragmatic, and constructive foreign policy.

         The goals of modernizing our country’s economy and enhancing its global competitiveness require strengthening cooperation with foreign partners in industrial cooperation, studying the experience of developed countries, and attracting large-scale foreign investment and high technology. In this regard, notable that the economic development strategies of Uzbekistan and Turkey can complement each other in a number of important areas. This is due to the fact that Turkey is among the 20 largest economies in the world and has achieved high results in such important sectors for Uzbekistan as tourism, textiles, automotive manufacturing, construction, and food processing.

         Especially, Turkey’s textile and jewelry industries are among the top five in the world. Forty-four Turkish building contractors are among the world’s top 250 construction companies. This ranks Turkey second only to China, one of the world’s leading economies. While the country’s food industry has successfully entered Western markets and strengthened its position there, the Turkish automotive industry is on the cusp of transitioning from conventional automobile production to mass production of domestically produced electric vehicles. This once again confirms that Turkey is an important economic partner for us. Laying the foundations for a completely new export-oriented economic development model in the New Uzbekistan requires systemic changes across all economic sectors and further strengthening ties with reliable external partners with whom industrial cooperation can be developed in these sectors.

         Thus, in recent years, in a historically short period of time, a solid foundation has been laid for revolutionary changes in Uzbek-Turkish relations that will last for centuries — important programmatic plans have been developed and decisive practical steps have been taken. There is no doubt that this development of relations will further enhance the prestige of Uzbekistan and Turkey on the international stage, ensure stable economic growth in both countries, the socioeconomic well-being of their peoples, and the full realization of their creative potential.

         Turkey and Uzbekistan are actively developing not only bilateral relations but also cooperation in multilateral formats. Participation in the Organization of Turkic-Speaking States is also an important component of international cooperation between Uzbekistan and Turkey.

         Currently, Uzbekistan has created ample opportunities for citizens of more than 130 different nationalities to actively participate in socioeconomic, political, legal, spiritual, and educational life, to recognize their national identity, and to preserve their ethnic values. Also, interethnic harmony and religious tolerance, national unity and solidarity are envisaged, and, above all, the upbringing of a harmoniously developed generation that understands its national identity based on a rich historical and spiritual heritage, national values, customs and traditions, possesses a high sense of national pride and has a worldview formed on the basis of universal human values, modern technology, and scientific achievements.

         Currently, in the New Uzbekistan, unity and mutual understanding are the main principles of policy in the sphere of interethnic relations, aimed at maintaining unity and harmony in society, where an important aspect is not only protecting the interests of various ethnic groups but also shaping a civic identity based on respect and consideration for the rights of others.

         In the area of ​​interethnic relations, Decree No. DP-52 of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan as of March 19, 2025, “On measures to advance to a new stage in strengthening nationwide unity and relations with compatriots abroad”, was adopted. In this decree, the harmonization of interethnic relations in society and the formation of a unified civic identity through strengthening friendship, mutual solidarity, tolerance, and unity in society are defined as one of the priority tasks for strengthening national harmony and ties with compatriots abroad.

         The Committee is designated as the authorized republican executive body implementing state policy in the area of ​​interethnic relations, supporting compatriots abroad, and coordinating the activities of state bodies in this area.

         The Committee’s primary objectives are: harmonizing interethnic relations, forming a unified civic identity by strengthening friendship, mutual solidarity, tolerance, and unity in society; strengthening the involvement of all nationalities and peoples living in Uzbekistan in national development by ensuring their rights and legitimate interests; developing socio-cultural and friendly ties with foreign countries through public diplomacy; supporting the mobilization of the socio-economic potential of compatriots abroad for the development of our Homeland; and systematically analyzing issues of national unity among the people of Uzbekistan and compatriots abroad in the name of common societal goals.

         The Committee has taken significant steps to develop cooperation with the USA, Canada, China, Azerbaijan, Turkey, and several other countries to elevate the consistent implementation of state policy toward compatriots living abroad to a new level.

         Currently, the Committee implements state policy aimed at ensuring interethnic harmony and tolerance in society and supporting the mobilization of the socio-economic potential of compatriots abroad for the development of our country. It also establishes friendly international relations, strengthens friendship with civil societies in foreign countries, and implements a “public diplomacy” mechanism with 157 national cultural centers, 43 friendship societies located in the republic, as well as with more than 60 brother cities, and nearly 100 societies of compatriots abroad.

         Enormous opportunities have been created for the preservation, presentation, and development of national identity, language, traditions, customs, history, and culture of various nationalities. Furthermore, the role of national cultural centers, established by representatives of various nationalities living in our country is of particular importance in strengthening cultural cooperation between the New Uzbekistan and foreign countries.

Specifically, Turkish National Cultural Centers were established in Bukhara in 1991, in Tashkent - in 1992, and in 1997, the Turkish National Cultural Center of Uzbekistan.

         Since 1997, the primary focus of the Turkish National Cultural Center of Uzbekistan (chairman Umar Ibrahimov Salmanov) has been the revival of the Turkish language, culture, traditions, and customs. To this end, the Center has established a Council of Elders, a Women’s Council, a Youth Wing, and a department for working with sports clubs and ensembles.

         Currently, three folklore ensembles operate under the auspices of the Center: Sevinch, Anadolu, and a women’s folklore group.

 In 1999, under the direction of Mikail Suleymanov, an honorary member of the Turkish National Cultural Center of Uzbekistan, the MIKO Comedy Theater was founded. The performances were shown in Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Azerbaijan. These theatrical productions are primarily aimed at strengthening unity, solidarity, and harmony among representatives of different nationalities.

         A number of representatives of Turkish nationality have been awarded state awards for their contribution to strengthening interethnic harmony, mutual understanding, and friendship in our country.

         The first information about the arrival of Turks in Uzbekistan was found in the diary of the Spanish ambassador González de Clavijo. Written sources mention Turkish musicians at the court of the Temurid Shahrukh. There is information that Turkish merchants and artisans settled in the territory of modern-day Uzbekistan in the late Middle Ages to engage in trade and crafts.

         When did the Turks arrive in Uzbekistan? We pondered this question for a long time, examining over 100 sources. The results yielded varied answers. The first representatives of the Turks settled in the territory of modern-day Uzbekistan, in the lands of Akhsi, which corresponds to the territory of today’s Namangan Region, when Turkic peoples migrated from the Yenisei River to the state known today as Turkey. The second group arrived during the reign of Amir Timur, in the 1400s.

         In 1992, the number of Turks living in Uzbekistan was 21,000, while today it has exceeded 50,000.

         Currently, our citizens of Turkish nationality living in Uzbekistan actively participate in the political, economic, social, and cultural life of the republic, making a worthy contribution to the development and progress of the state.

         The visit of the President of Uzbekistan to Turkey ushered in a new era in the comprehensive strategic partnership between the two countries, based on mutual trust and expressing a desire for long-term, mutually beneficial cooperation for the benefit of our peoples.

         Official visits by the leaders of the two countries contribute to strengthening political dialogue and demonstrate a fruitful practical partnership. To further develop bilateral cooperation, the parties discussed in detail priority areas for further expansion of their partnership, including in areas such as trade and economics, investment, transport, textiles, energy, agriculture, as well as cultural and humanitarian exchanges.

         Furthermore, in accordance with the Action Plan for 2026-2027 signed between the Ministries of Foreign Affairs of Uzbekistan and Turkey, the most effective cooperation aimed at ensuring sustainable development and prosperity based on lasting security has been established.

         It is noteworthy that the first part of the book by President of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev, “Modernity and the New Uzbekistan
 is entitled “Humanity’s Chosen Path of Sustainable Development”. The fact that it reflects the priority criteria for human development in the 21st century and the noble global goals outlined in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development confirms our aforementioned ideas.

         Overall, the primary and most important factor in maintaining socio-political stability in Uzbekistan is the ability to ensure unity and national harmony among its multi-ethnic population. It should be noted separately that national understanding and national unity, which are strengthening day by day in our society, serve the cohesion processes on an ethnic and cultural basis among representatives of all nationalities living in Uzbekistan.

Saodat Tilovberdievna Davlatova

Head of Department of the Committee on interethnic relations and compatriots abroad of the Republic of Uzbekistan,

Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor

Exhibition will feature the 8^th Uzbekistan International Mining and Metals Forum – UIMF 2026, under the theme “From Resources to Global Opportunities”.

The 20^th Anniversary International Exhibition on Mining, Metallurgy and Metalworking – “MiningMetals Uzbekistan 2026” will be held on October 27–29^th, 2026, at the “Uzexpocentre” National Exhibition Complex in the capital of Uzbekistan, reports Dunyo IA correspondent.

The event is organized by Iteca Exhibitions International Company in partnership with ICA Eurasia Group.

MiningMetals Uzbekistan, which celebrates its 20^th anniversary this year, is the leading exhibition for the industry in Uzbekistan. It has long been an effective platform for showcasing the latest solutions and innovations, developing partnerships, exploring cutting-edge equipment and technologies and finding practical ways to help businesses grow.

To date, more than 150 exhibitors from 16 countries have confirmed their participation: Australia, the Republic of Belarus, Germany, Iran, Spain, Kazakhstan, Canada, China, the Republic of Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Serbia, Türkiye, Uzbekistan, Finland and Estonia.

Visitors will explore mining and mineral processing machinery, equipment for metallurgy and metalworking, solutions for transporting and processing mineral raw materials, and technologies for digitalisation, automation and industrial safety.

Germany will once again participate with a National Pavilion, while extensive displays by Chinese and Turkish manufacturers have also been confirmed.

Uzbekistan National Stand will be a joint display organised by the Ministry of Mining Industry and Geology of Uzbekistan, bringing together the country's leading mining and metallurgical enterprises: Navoi Mining and Metallurgical Company, Almalyk Mining and Metallurgical Complex, “Uzmetkombinat”, Uzbekistan Technological Metals Complex and “Navoiyuran”.

A highlight of the exhibition's business programme will be the 8^th Uzbekistan International Mining & Metals Forum – UIMF 2026, under the theme “From Resources to Global Opportunities”.

UIMF 2026 will bring together many leading players from Central Asia's mining and metallurgical industries, government agencies, investors, technology companies and the research community.

Today, global development is proceeding at an unprecedented pace of urbanization — by 2050, nearly 68% of the world’s population is expected to live in cities.

This process is also advancing rapidly in Uzbekistan: the country’s population has exceeded 38 million, the urbanization rate has reached 51%, and nearly 20 million people now live in urban areas.

According to economic analyses, every 1% increase in the urbanization rate grows the economy by at least 1% and accelerates investment flows and startup development — making reforms in this sector of strategic importance.

With this in mind, within the framework of Uzbekistan’s urbanization policy, the practice of “chaotic construction” has been abandoned in favor of smart and integrated territorial development — an approach recognized as essential in global best practices.

One of the most important institutional steps was the establishment of the National Committee for the Sustainable Development of Urbanization and the Housing Market. This body serves as the central “think tank” unifying architecture, economics, and social policy into a single system.

To reduce administrative barriers in the construction sector, the number of permitting stages has been cut by a factor of 3, and processing timelines by a factor of 4. Additionally, 420 outdated urban planning norms have been restructured, replaced by 140 modern regulatory documents.

Furthermore, in Uzbekistan, land ownership no longer automatically grants the right to build — the process is now based on the principle of integrated territorial development.

Most importantly, a strict principle has been enshrined in law: schools, clinics, and modern utilities must be built before or simultaneously with residential construction.

These new mechanisms provide, above all, trust and financial stability. To ensure stability in the housing market and strengthen buyer confidence, measures have been taken to fully eliminate the risk of “unfinished constructions.” To this end, a system of escrow accounts is being widely introduced in Uzbekistan for the first time.

Through this modern mechanism, citizens’ funds are securely held in banks until the keys to the property are handed over. Developers, in turn, gain access to affordable and convenient project financing. As a result, urban development has transformed from a chaotic process into a managed industry operating under transparent rules.

Development Strategy and Achievements

Over the past eight years, 120 million square meters of housing have been built across the country. The total volume of construction work grew from 30 trillion soums in 2016 to 314 trillion soums last year, and the sector now employs more than 3.5 million people.

According to the state’s long-term priority strategy, the following key targets have been set:

• Raise the urbanization rate to 60%;
• Increase housing provision from 18.9 square meters per capita to 23 square meters;
• Nearly double the annual housing construction volume to 30.3 million square meters.

Innovative Mega-Projects and an Ecological Approach

The most vivid practical expression of this strategy is the “New Tashkent” mega-project, rising across 20,000 hectares. Designed for a population of 1 million residents, this ecologically clean, high-tech metropolis implements the globally recognized “15-minute city” concept. The project includes the creation of a 420-hectare “green belt,” the planting of 200,000 trees, and a fully ecological transport system (electric buses, metro, and bicycle lanes).

These high living standards are not limited to the capital. Across the country, 56 “New Uzbekistan” residential districts, each designed for at least 70,000 residents and equipped with rich social infrastructure, are being constructed at an accelerated pace.

In conclusion, Uzbekistan has formed a sustainable and effective model for managing urbanization, encompassing the National Committee, the escrow system, and the smart “New Uzbekistan” districts. By transforming modern cities into ecologically clean, socially oriented, and livable spaces, the country is establishing a high benchmark for urbanization in the Eurasian region.

In today's New Uzbekistan, a lot of attention is paid to the development of reading culture and book publishing. As the head of our state says, “There will be no break in education,” in every meeting with representatives of the intellectuals, culture, literature and art, in every historical speech that sounded like an appeal to our people, he paid             special attention to the issue of studying and gaining knowledge about the fundamentals world civilization, the achievements of modern world science. He never gets tired of emphasizing the words "knowledge, knowledge, knowledge" over and over again.

President Shavkat Mirziyoyev: "Each country in the world, each nation is powerful primarily with its intellectual potential and high spirituality. It is not for nothing that he said that the source of such mighty power is the great discovery of human thinking - books and readers.

Decree of the President of Uzbekistan dated January 12, 2017 "On the establishment of a commission on the development of the system of printing and distribution of book products, the promotion of book reading and reading culture", The decision of September 13, 2017 "On the program of comprehensive measures to develop the system of publication and distribution of book products, increase and promote book reading and reading culture" together with the decision “On additional measures for the further development of the publishing and printing industry”, It is well known that great work has been done on the decisions "On further improvement of information-library services to the residents of the Republic of Uzbekistan".

On December 14, 2020, the decision of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On approval of the national program for the development and support of reading culture in 2020-2025" was adopted.

The processes of implementation of this National Program are showing positive results.

The fourth initiative put forward by our President - to raise the spirituality of young people, to widely promote reading among them - serious practical work is being carried out in our country. Young people, especially teenagers and children, are widely participating in reading contests. 

Members of the Writers' Union of Uzbekistan actively participate in events dedicated to book reading and development of reading.The Children's and Adolescent Creative Council operates under the association, master classes are regularly held by well-known poets and writers in all schools, higher and secondary educational institutions of our country.

By the Administration of the Republic of Uzbekistan in April-May of this year in order to attract students and pupils of all higher educational institutions and general education schools in our country to reading books, to raise the level of artistic literacy and educate them in the spirit of patriotism and concern for the future of our country as part of the “Sharing Enlightenment” project, 156 famous artists held meetings with writers and educational events in 202 higher educational institutions and 606 secondary schools, under their auspices. At these events, 150 works of art were recommended for reading, films and performances were shown.

During 2020-2023, the Writers' Union of Uzbekistan published 403 books in the fields of prose, poetry, playwriting, children's literature, literary studies, and artistic translation. Over the past years, our poets, writers and translators prepared 100-volume "Masterpieces of Russian Literature" and 100-volume "Masterpieces of Turkish Literature" for publication. This great project was supported by the Head of State, published and distributed to the regions.

At this point, it should be noted that the 16-volume set of books entitled "Masterpieces of Karakalpak Literature" was prepared for publication and submitted to the press by the Writers' Union of Uzbekistan.

Within the framework of the "Book campaign" project, in the first quarter of 2023, 4,679 books were sent to higher education institutions, general education schools, 14,800 books to the provinces, 50 books to the penal colony, 950 to the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Spirituality, Information and Library Centers, 500 to the State Security Service, 7,267 to event participants, book authors, 461 to newspapers and creative houses, 300 to Uzbekistan-Kyrgyz Friendship Society, 350 to neighborhoods, 134 to the Office of Muslims, More than 30 thousand 791 books were distributed indiscriminately to Uzbekistan "Veteran" Association of combatants-veterans and disabled people, 500 books to Halq Bank, and 600 books to children's camp. To date, more than 1 million books have been distributed in four years.

At the moment, the 100-volume set of books "Masterpieces of World Children's Literature" is being prepared for publication by the Writers' Union of Uzbekistan.

In 2020-2023, the first books of 87 young authors were published in tens of thousands of copies each in the "My first book" project by the Writers' Union of Uzbekistan, and presentation events were held. The books were freely distributed to higher education institutions, general education schools, and military units.

All these are aimed primarily at the development of reading among young people, children and adolescents. Publication of books and promotion of book reading will be continued consistently.

In the 21st century, "green" development has become not just a trend, but an unavoidable path for all of humanity. In the face of rapid climate change, intensifying water resource scarcity, and loss of biodiversity, sustainable development has become a priority for every nation. The President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Sh.M. Mirziyoyev, speaking at international, regional, and national forums, consistently promotes the agenda of sustainable "green" development as the key to the prosperity of future generations.

The recently published book "The Path of 'Green' Development for New Uzbekistan" presents 310 quotes and 54 initiatives by Sh. Mirziyoyev, proposed during the period of 2017-2025, addressing climate change mitigation, rational use of water and natural resources, biodiversity conservation, and transition to a "green" economy.

Structurally, the book is divided into three chapters: "'Green' Development - the Path Chosen by Humanity," "Central Asia - The Course Towards 'Green' Development and the Future," and "New Uzbekistan on the Path of Sustainable Development."

Green development: the path humanity has chosen

 In the context of the global climate crisis, depletion of natural resources, and deterioration of environmental quality, an increasing number of countries are transitioning to a sustainable development model. Within this concept, a "green" economy is replacing raw material-industrial models centered on extraction, exploitation, and disregard for environmental risks.

The leader of Uzbekistan has repeatedly emphasized that for Central Asian countries, "green" development should become the foundation for a new stage of modernization: ..."only by efficiently utilizing limited land and water resources, addressing environmental issues, and embarking on the path of 'green' development, 'green' economy, and 'green' energy can we ensure sustainable development of the country and the well-being of its population. This is the only correct path." This quote reflects a fundamental shift in state policy: from narrow economic thinking to a strategic approach that focuses not only on profit and growth but also on environmental preservation, ecosystem sustainability, and public health. This is precisely why Sh. Mirziyoyev advocates the idea that the green course is not a fashionable trend, but a long-term necessity. Supporting the transition to green energy sources, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, strengthening environmental legislation, and educating the public are all part of a systemic green reform.

The President consistently emphasizes that responsibility for the future lies not only with developed countries but also with emerging economies. In this context, he declared at the UN General Assembly (2023): "At this pivotal historical moment, we all must reflect on what kind of planet we will leave for future generations." This appeal aims to mobilize the global community, but primarily reflects Uzbekistan's internal transformation - a course towards sustainability, resource conservation, and climate justice. In this regard, we present the following scientifically grounded proposals of the President.

Firstly, "climate change has become one of the main challenges for sustainable development in Central Asia," declared the President of Uzbekistan at the COP28 summit in Dubai. He emphasized that "the transition to a 'green' economy and achieving carbon neutrality are strategic objectives of New Uzbekistan."

Secondly, "Climate change has become one of the main challenges to sustainable development. This is especially acute in Central Asia and adjacent regions against the backdrop of the Aral Sea tragedy - one of the most devastating ecological crises of our time."

Thirdly, "the rise in air temperature in Central Asia is twice the global average, the number of extremely hot days has doubled, and a third of glacier masses have melted."

Fourthly, "soil degradation, regular dust and sand storms, drinking water shortages, air pollution, biodiversity loss, sharp decline in crop yields, and many other factors are negatively impacting the quality of life of millions of residents in the region."

Fifthly, the President also called for "swift agreement on the Global Framework for Climate Change Adaptation within the Paris Agreement." He also addressed the topic of global transition to a low-carbon economy. According to him, this process "must be fair, transparent, and inclusive" and "must necessarily take into account the interests of developing countries."

Sixthly, to transform the Aral Sea region into a Zone of Innovation, Technology, and New Opportunities, the head of Uzbekistan invited everyone to close cooperation "in creating an International Climate Technology Expo Hub in this region." Additionally, the President proposed to "establish scientific exchange and conduct joint research on the platform of the Climate Science Forum," which is being created on the basis of Green University in Tashkent, involving scientists and experts from foreign countries.

Central Asia: Charting a Course Towards "Green" Development and Future

 Global climate change is one of the most serious problems of our time, affecting all countries worldwide and becoming a significant obstacle to sustainable "green" development. The observed warming is causing extreme natural phenomena across the globe, such as droughts, hurricanes, scorching heat, fires, torrential rains, and floods.

Uzbekistan and other Central Asian states are among the countries most vulnerable to environmental disasters. Against the backdrop of a general increase in climate threats, Central Asia is developing its own regional response to the challenges of global warming and environmental degradation. The initiatives of the President of Uzbekistan on international platforms demonstrate that green transformation is not just a national priority, but also an interstate one.

Speaking at the 78th session of the UN General Assembly (2023), the President emphasized: "Today, the world is facing a severe ecological situation. The triple planetary crisis, caused by climate change, loss of biodiversity, and environmental pollution, is intensifying.

Under these challenging conditions, Central Asia, which continues to grapple with the tragedy of the Aral Sea, is becoming one of the regions most vulnerable to climate change."

This quote indicates the need for regional integration in the field of environmental safety. The President emphasizes the importance of joint actions in the management of natural resources, in particular transboundary waters. He initiated the development of a Regional Strategy to combat desertification and land degradation, emphasizing that sustainable agriculture and biodiversity conservation are only possible through coordinated efforts.

As part of this initiative, the following proposals were put forward:

First proposal: establishment of a Regional Center for Climate Technologies;

Second proposal: creation of a unified "green" energy space;

Third proposal: joint projects for reforestation and combating desertification, particularly in the dried-up seabed of the Aral Sea;

Fourth proposal: development of transboundary water diplomacy based on the principles of the Helsinki Convention.

In recent years, at Uzbekistan's initiative, the UN General Assembly has adopted more than ten special resolutions. Many of these directly address environmental issues in Central Asia and reflect Uzbekistan's active role in regional environmental diplomacy.

It is particularly noteworthy that all international initiatives and efforts of Uzbekistan's leader in this field are rooted in our national values, passed down from our ancestors over millennia. It should be emphasized that the environmental initiatives presented by the head of state at global forums receive widespread support from the international community and make a tangible contribution to ensuring sustainable "green" development at the global level.

For instance, one of Uzbekistan's landmark achievements was the adoption of a Special Resolution by the UN General Assembly in 2021, declaring the Aral Sea region a zone of environmental innovations and technologies. This marks the first time the UN General Assembly has granted such a high status to a region. This is because, due to the drying up of the Aral Sea, the Aral Sea region has become the epicenter of a global ecological disaster, a territory with an elevated risk to human health and ecosystem instability.

Water resource management issues in the region also remain within the focus of the President of Uzbekistan. "Effective water resource management with neighboring countries is key to sustainable development not only for Uzbekistan but for our entire region." This statement is particularly relevant for Central Asia, where water is becoming an increasingly scarce and politically sensitive resource. The leader of Uzbekistan advocates for the establishment of sustainable mechanisms for the distribution and joint management of water flows, which should reduce tensions and ensure harmonious development.

At the SCO summit in Bishkek (June 14, 2019), Shavkat Mirziyoyev proposed adopting the SCO "Green Belt" program to introduce resource-saving and environmentally friendly technologies in the organization's member countries. At the 14th ECO Summit (March 4, 2021), the Head of Uzbekistan put forward an initiative to develop and approve a medium-term strategy aimed at ensuring energy sustainability and broadly attracting investments and modern technologies to this sector.

At the Third Consultative Meeting of Central Asian Heads of State, held on August 6, 2021, in Turkmenistan, the President of Uzbekistan advocated for the development of a regional "Green Agenda" program for Central Asia. This program aims to facilitate the adaptation of countries in the region to climate change. The main focus areas of the program could include gradual decarbonization of the economy, rational use of water resources, integration of energy-efficient technologies into the economy, and increasing the share of renewable energy production.

Overall, against the backdrop of the increasing prominence of the international climate agenda, Uzbekistan's ongoing systemic environmental policy in the field of environmental protection aims to further improve the ecological situation in the Central Asian region.

Uzbekistan's New Path Towards Sustainable Development

 Today, Uzbekistan is actively integrating the principles of "green" transformation into its development strategies, laying the foundation for long-term sustainable growth. This is not merely a response to global challenges, but also an aspiration to enhance the quality of life for our citizens, generate new employment opportunities, and foster the country's sustainable "green" development. At present, "green" development in Uzbekistan has been elevated to the status of a nationwide movement. The primary objective of New Uzbekistan's transition to a "green" course is to safeguard human dignity, improve the population's well-being, and protect the fundamental rights of its citizens.

For Uzbekistan, the transition to "green" development is not an abstract concept or something far removed from reality. This notion has become an integral part of our country's constitutional course, encompassing all sectors of the economy and public life.

President Sh. Mirziyoyev emphasizes: "It is of great importance to accelerate the transition to an economy based on the careful management of water, energy, and other natural resources.

The task of developing 'green' and digital technologies, as well as production enterprises, is also crucial for us."

This is not merely a scientific and philosophical statement, but a guiding principle of state environmental policy. Under this slogan, various programs are being developed:

• increasing the share of renewable energy (target - at least 30% by 2030);
• reducing water losses in the agricultural sector through the use of digital systems and precision farming;
• improving energy efficiency of residential and industrial buildings;
• creating "smart" and "green" cities, including within the framework of the "Tashkent - Green Capital" project.

One example is the construction of solar and wind power plants in Navoi, Bukhara, and Samarkand regions. These projects are being implemented with the participation of major foreign investors (Masdar, ACWA Power) and are creating new jobs while reducing the burden on hydrocarbon resources.

Sh.Mirziyoyev also emphasizes the need to cultivate new ecological thinking in young people: "Understanding nature, environmental education and upbringing, forming environmental awareness and ecological culture among the population, especially among youth, which promote kindness, compassion, and mercy, are among the important tasks that must be accomplished to preserve the environment."

In this context, special attention is paid to environmental education, promoting sustainable practices, and supporting startups in the field of eco-technologies and green innovations. The creation of a national environmental performance rating for regions and institutions has become a tool for stimulating sustainable change.

Thus, Uzbekistan is becoming an example of a systematic approach to sustainable "green" development, combining environmental goals with economic growth and social justice. The principles of the "green" economy are increasingly being integrated into national planning, making Uzbekistan not only a participant but also an active driver of the international green agenda.

Conclusions: Prospects for the Future

 First conclusion. The approach being implemented in New Uzbekistan under the leadership of President Shavkat Mirziyoyev exemplifies the synergy of political will, scientific knowledge, national policy, and international cooperation. "Green" development is not a trend or a temporary solution. It is a strategic choice, a path chosen by humanity, and Uzbekistan demonstrates how this path can be realized in the face of global challenges.

Second conclusion. The initiatives and statements of Uzbekistan's leader demonstrate that green development for Uzbekistan is not a temporary agenda, but a strategic vector for a promising future. The framework of an environmentally responsible state is being systematically formed: with new laws, institutions, technologies, and public awareness.

Third conclusion. A distinctive feature of the Uzbek approach is its comprehensiveness: from global leadership in climate diplomacy to the practical transformation of energy, land use, and water management. Sh. Mirziyoyev not only articulates the principles of sustainable development but also ensures their institutional establishment, investment, and public support.

Fourth conclusion. Thus, the path to a "green" future, proposed and implemented by New Uzbekistan, can serve as a model for countries facing similar challenges and opportunities. This is a path where economic progress goes hand in hand with care for the planet, where political will translates into concrete actions, and sustainability becomes a new norm for human development.

On 24–25 July, 2026, the city of Samarkand will host the International Forum of Brother Cities.

The forum will serve as an important international platform for dialogue, aimed at expanding Uzbekistan’s international cooperation, strengthening partnerships between cities, and promoting public diplomacy.

The forum program includes:

• An international scientific and practical conference dedicated to developing cooperation between the cities of Uzbekistan and foreign countries;
• Panel sessions and roundtable discussions covering a wide range of sectors;
• Signing ceremonies for memorandums of cooperation and partnership agreements between brother cities;
• Presentations focused on promoting public diplomacy and interregional cooperation;
• Cultural and educational events with the participation of foreign delegations;
• Guided tours of Samarkand’s historical and cultural landmarks;
• Exhibitions showcasing the investment, tourism, and cultural potential of Uzbekistan’s regions.

According to the organizers, the International Forum of Brother Cities will provide a valuable opportunity to strengthen international partnerships, exchange best practices, and foster long-term cooperation.

Dunyo IA