The Resolution signed by the President of Uzbekistan “On measures to introduce a system of continuous improvement of knowledge of the population and civil servants in the fight against corruption” caused an interested discussion in the international expert community.

Alexander Klishin, adviser at the UN Office of Rule of Law and Security Institutions:

– This initiative marks a significant step in the fight against corruption not only for Uzbekistan, but also on the international arena. The Virtual Anti-Corruption Academy is a leading initiative of the President of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev, aimed at introducing a system of continuous improvement of knowledge among the population and civil servants in the fight against corruption.

The initiative is perfectly aligned with global efforts to promote integrity, transparency and accountability across all sectors of the economy. Uzbekistan has once again reaffirmed its commitment to building a society free of corruption, where integrity, transparency and accountability are the cornerstones of public administration. The Anti-Corruption Virtual Academy fully embodies these values and serves as a commendable example for other countries.

Anas Fayyad Qarman, UNDP Resident Representative a.i. in Uzbekistan:

– We are pleased to know the adoption of the Resolution of the President of Uzbekistan regarding the Virtual Anti-Corruption Academy. We view this measure as an important step towards further strengthening the anti-corruption ecosystem.

We have been cooperating with the Anti-Corruption Agency in various areas a long while, including the development of a compliance control system in government agencies and organizations. We are also jointly developing various digital solutions to combat corruption in the public sector. In my opinion, a distinctive feature of a new Academy is its availability to both civil servants and ordinary citizens.

Antti Karttunen, Head of OSCE Project Coordinator in Uzbekistan:

– The initiative of the President of Uzbekistan to create a Virtual Anti-Corruption Academy is a time requirement and will help find answers to many questions related to this area.

Like the Law ‘On Conflict of Interest’ recently signed by the President, it is another important step in the fight against corruption in Uzbekistan.

We look forward to continuing to support the improvement of legislation in the field of combating corruption, as well as to improve the qualification of employees of government bodies and organizations through the Virtual Academy and support all other efforts of Uzbekistan in this area.

Tuija Brax, Director of the Rule of Law Center, former Minister of Justice (Finland):

– It is my great honor to express a few words about the new Virtual Anti-Corruption Academy in Uzbekistan. We have been cooperating with the Anti-Corruption Agency of Uzbekistan for several years now, and I was greatly impressed by the initiatives of President Shavkat Mirziyoyev to combat corruption in the country, measures to improve legislation in this area and efforts to raise public awareness. The new Virtual Academy is a unique opportunity to raise awareness, develop special courses for different target groups, and also attract young people to study this field, since ultimately it is about the future of Uzbekistan.

Quentin Reed, Professor of Oxford University, INGO Regional Dialogue’s Anti-Corruption Specialist (United Kingdom):

– I am happy to hear about the President signing the Resolution, which provides for the establishment of the Virtual Anti-Corruption Academy. International NGO Regional Dialogue and the Anti-Corruption Agency have been cooperating for several years in developing preventive anti-corruption measures in Uzbekistan. We express our readiness to provide full-fledged support in the development of educational modules and programs within the Virtual Academy, as awareness-raising, education and training are key tools in the prevention of corruption. Appropriate anti-corruption system cannot be established without them. This is particularly important for public servants, especially those in vulnerable situations, but I would also pay particular attention to citizens.

Nuripa Mukanova, Secretary General, the Anti-Corruption Business Council under the President of Kyrgyzstan:

– My congratulations to the people of Uzbekistan and the Anti-Corruption Agency on the establishment of the Virtual Anti-Corruption Academy. The opening of this Academy is important for both Uzbekistan and the countries of Central Asia. This is a very important anti-corruption measure and platform for increasing the capacity of all those directly involved in anti-corruption issues, as well as those who want to increase their capacity, knowledge and skills in the field of combating and preventing corruption. This platform will also allow young people who study and then enter public service to improve their anti-corruption skills.

Dunyo IA

Today, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan are connected not only by a shared border and close historical and cultural ties. A common economic space is gradually emerging, built on mutual trade, industrial cooperation, joint investment, and direct ties between businesses and regions.

Over the past decade, the two countries have moved from resolving accumulated issues to implementing concrete projects. The border is becoming a link rather than a barrier, while the complementary nature of the two economies is creating new opportunities.

Drivers of Trade and Economic Cooperation

The transformation is most clearly reflected in the growth of bilateral trade. Compared with 2016, mutual trade has increased more than sevenfold. Uzbekistan’s exports have grown more than sixfold, while imports from Kyrgyzstan have increased more than ninefold. Thus, the flow of goods is expanding in both directions.

In 2025, Uzbekistan’s foreign trade turnover with Kyrgyzstan reached nearly $1.2 billion, rising by 37% year-on-year. Uzbekistan’s exports to Kyrgyzstan increased by 46.5% to $771 million, while imports reached $428 million, up nearly 23%.

The positive trend continued in 2026. In January–May, trade turnover approached $469 million, increasing by 45.5%. Uzbekistan’s exports rose by 63% to $771 million, while imports from Kyrgyzstan increased by nearly 13% to $428 million.

The structure of bilateral trade has also changed significantly in recent years. For example, while light industry products accounted for more than 50% of Uzbekistan’s exports in 2021–2022, their share declined to 19%, or $147 million, in 2025. Agricultural and food products accounted for 15%, or $112 million; machinery, equipment, and vehicles for 11%, or $87 million; and chemical products for 11%, or $81 million.

At the product level, exports are primarily composed of finished textile products, electricity, cement, mineral fertilizers, knitted fabrics, automobile bodies and components, ceramic tiles, aluminum profiles, fruit and vegetable products, and confectionery.

The quality of Uzbekistan’s export structure has also improved. The share of raw materials in exports declined from 56% in 2019 to 8.2% in 2025. Processed goods accounted for 40%, with the remainder consisting of finished products, services, and goods supplied by individuals.

Imports from Kyrgyzstan are also gaining strategic importance. In 2025, mineral and raw material products accounted for 44%, or $190 million, of imports from Kyrgyzstan. Fuel and energy products made up 26%, or $111 million, including $85 million worth of coal and lignite. Agricultural and food products accounted for 14%, or $61 million. Other significant imports included glass, natural stone, rolled metal products, tires, and packaging materials.

At the same time, considerable growth potential remains. Kyrgyzstan currently accounts for only about 1.5% of Uzbekistan’s total foreign trade turnover. This indicates that the goal set by the two countries to increase mutual trade to $2 billion by 2030 is fully achievable. However, reaching this target will require systematic efforts to diversify the range of traded goods and strengthen cooperative links that can support durable trade and investment relations.

Investment and Industrial Cooperation

Investment and industrial cooperation constitute the second major driver of economic relations between the two countries.

In 2016, only 49 enterprises with Kyrgyz capital operated in Uzbekistan. By the end of 2025, their number had reached 344, representing a sevenfold increase. As of July 1, 2026, there were already 374 such enterprises.

An important mechanism in this area is the Uzbek–Kyrgyz Development Fund, established in 2021. The fund already uses several support instruments, including investment lending, leasing, and project financing. The next stage of its development could involve expanding its portfolio and actively channeling resources into export-oriented joint ventures.

A number of joint enterprises have also been launched in recent years. These include the Kyrgyz–Uzbek Tulpar Motors automobile plant in the Chuy Region, which generates demand for metalworking, automotive components, logistics, and maintenance services.

Joint projects are also being implemented in the textile industry, household appliance manufacturing, the production of plastic and aluminum profiles, construction materials, and other sectors.

Implementation has begun on major projects such as the China–Kyrgyzstan–Uzbekistan railway and the 1.9 MW Kambarata Hydropower Plant-1.

These projects provide a solid foundation for a new structural breakthrough in bilateral relations.

Promising Areas of Cooperation

The results achieved in trade and economic cooperation, together with the rapid economic growth of Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan, create significant opportunities for further expanding bilateral economic relations.

One priority is to increase mutual trade, with a particular emphasis on products resulting from industrial cooperation. Achieving the target of $2 billion in bilateral trade will require more than simply increasing sales of finished goods. The two countries will need to expand trade in inputs intended for further processing as part of deeper cross-border value chains.

According to estimates by the Center for Economic Research and Reforms, Uzbekistan has the potential to increase exports to Kyrgyzstan of passenger vehicles and components, trucks, agricultural machinery, iron and steel products, finished textile products, polymer materials and finished plastic goods, electrical products and equipment, pharmaceuticals, and cement.

Kyrgyzstan, in turn, has the potential to increase supplies of mineral ores, plastic products, glass, natural stone, ceramic products, and environmentally friendly agricultural and food products.

A strategically important area of cooperation could be the transition to large-scale industrial collaboration through the creation of joint full-cycle production facilities and clusters in border regions.

In light industry, border regions produce more than 600 tons of raw cotton and have a cattle population of 4 million and a sheep and goat population of 6.4 million, providing a substantial raw material base. Proximity to China can also reduce the cost of purchasing synthetic raw materials for the industry.

Construction materials represent another promising area because their production is already one of the leading industrial sectors in the border regions. Kyrgyzstan is also experiencing a construction boom, with construction activity increasing 1.7 times in the first half of 2026, thereby generating additional demand for construction materials.

In the food industry, cooperation could focus on processing fruit and vegetables, meat and dairy products, and producing juices, jams, animal feed, and other food products.

In the mining sector, the two countries could develop joint projects for the exploration and development of mineral resources, including critical minerals and iron ore deposits. Such projects should aim to establish full production cycles, from extraction to the manufacture of finished products.

Additional potential for industrial cooperation and investment exists in electrical equipment, household appliances, pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and automotive components, including parts, batteries, tires, and plastic and metal components.

An important consideration in this area is ensuring that products are manufactured in accordance with the standards and market requirements of the Eurasian Economic Union. This would strengthen the export potential of joint projects.

As part of their industrial cooperation agenda, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan should begin developing joint industrial projects along the route of the China–Kyrgyzstan–Uzbekistan railway. Logistics terminals, industrial zones, warehouses, processing centers, and freight service facilities should be established along the route. This would help create a major industrial hub in the region.

Other important areas include deeper interregional and cross-border cooperation and greater support for entrepreneurship. Promising fields include e-commerce, joint entry into third-country markets, marketplaces, startup cooperation, digital payments, tourism, and workforce training for joint enterprises.

In conclusion, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan have already established a solid foundation for economic partnership. The next stage should transform quantitative growth into qualitative production integration. The two countries need to move from trading individual goods toward joint value chains, interconnected industrial cooperation networks, and a common production and logistics space.

Ruslan Abaturov,
Center for Economic Research and Reforms

The history of mankind demonstrates that great civilizations rest upon a synthesis of intellectual achievements, spiritual values and cultural heritage. Since ancient times, Central Asia has served as a pivotal hub of science, art and philosophy, shaping the foundational elements of a civilization that has influenced the entire world. Today, this profound potential is embodied in a monumental project - Center of Islamic Civilization in Tashkent. This institution does not merely preserve historical artifacts; it serves as a living platform for science, education and spiritual enlightenment.

The project symbolizes a new stage in Uzbekistan’s development - the Third Renaissance - where the past, present and future are unified through intellectual and cultural heritage. The Center of Islamic Civilization demonstrates how spiritual and educational values can serve as the foundation for national revival and international cooperation, attracting researchers, tourists and the global public.

Amir Temur occupies a distinguished place in world history as an outstanding statesman, military commander, and the creator of one of the largest empires of his time. The late 14^th and early 15^th centuries were a period of profound political transformations; against this backdrop, Temur succeeded in uniting vast territories stretching from India to the Middle East, establishing a powerful state with a resilient system of governance.

Diplomacy played a pivotal role in his policy. Amir Temur established contacts with European nations, including France, England and Castile; his victory over the Ottoman Sultan Bayezid I at the Battle of Ankara (1402) shifted the balance of power between the East and the West. The Spanish Ambassador Ruy González de Clavijo, who visited Samarkand in 1404, noted the state’s high level of organization, its advanced infrastructure and profound respect shown to foreign envoys.

Samarkand became the capital of the empire, evolving into a cultural and economic hub where the trade routes of China, India, Europe and the Middle East intersected. The city was distinguished by its multi-ethnic population, a sophisticated handicraft system, magnificent architecture, well-tended gardens, advanced irrigation systems and bustling commercial streets.

Amir Temur also established a unique legal foundation for his empire. According to the “Institutes of Temur” (Tuzuk-i-Temuri), the state rested upon four pillars: counsel, discussion, a deliberate plan and decisiveness. Nine-tenths of state affairs were resolved through consultation and prudent measures, and only one-tenth by the sword. This principle reflects the priority of diplomacy and legal resolutions over military force, emphasizing the balance of justice and resolve in governance.

Temur’s social policy was aimed at ensuring order, justice, and economic growth. He supported handicrafts, trade and agriculture, while maintaining strict oversight over officials and punishing abuses of power. Simultaneously, he cared for the welfare of the populace by resettling skilled artisans and creating the necessary conditions for the sustainable development of the state.

Following the passing of Amir Temur, his successors - the Timurids - continued the development of the state, placing particular emphasis on science, culture and education. This period is referred to as the Second Renaissance of Central Asia, characterized by an intellectual and artistic flourishing comparable to the European Renaissance. The most prominent figure of this era was Mirzo Ulugbek, who established one of the preeminent observatories of his time and made significant contributions to astronomy, mathematics, architecture and the arts. His scholarly works influenced not only Islamic but world civilization, laying the groundwork for future scientific discoveries.

Today, the Timurid legacy is preserved within the Center of Islamic Civilization in Tashkent, which houses unique exhibits demonstrating the cultural and spiritual richness of that era. Among them is a fragment of the Quran transcribed by the calligrapher Umar Aqta for Amir Temur, widely known as the “Baysunghur Quran”. This manuscript represents a triumph of calligraphy over ornamentation: the harmonious, powerful forms of the letters and the precise flow of ink create a magnificent visual impact. The Center preserves a single line of this Quran, allowing visitors to experience the grandeur of Timurid art and understand how the culture of letters shaped the spiritual identity of the state.

A place of particular distinction is held by the Timurid/Mughal talismanic shirt - a protective garment crafted in court workshops to provide the wearer with divine safeguarding and blessings. The dense cotton is entirely covered with Quranic inscriptions, including the Shahada and the 99 Names of Allah, while the back features a verse from Surah Yusuf (12:64): “Indeed, Allah is the best guardian, and He is the most merciful of the merciful”. This shirt symbolizes Divine protection and the wearer’s spiritual connection with the Almighty, reflecting the religious depth and artistic mastery of the Timurid era.

Finally, the key to the sacred Kaaba (dated approximately 1425-1426), crafted from brass with silver inlay and inscriptions, preserves the historical memory of the era and its spiritual significance. Together with other exhibits, it enables contemporary visitors to experience the intellectual and cultural ascent of the Second Renaissance and to realize how the spiritual and educational achievements of the past established the foundation for the development of civilization.

Center of Islamic Civilization in Tashkent is not merely a museum but a living educational platform. The architectural concept of the complex harmoniously integrates Timurid traditions with modern technologies, symbolizing the unity of the past and the present. Its 65-meter dome and four golden gates represent the convergence of all regions of Uzbekistan, evoking a sense of monumentality and historical continuity.

Center’s exposition is structured around the principle of “Civilization – Personalities – Discoveries” and spans key historical epochs: the pre-Islamic period, the First and Second Renaissances, Timurid era and contemporary New Uzbekistan. Visitors can not only observe unique artifacts but also interact with them through VR and AR technologies, holograms and artificial intelligence, making history vibrant and tangible.

Center integrates a diverse range of educational and cultural functions: interactive laboratories, including the “1001 Inventions” for children, a library with a collection of over 200,000 volumes, calligraphy schools, and digital archives. It also serves as a hub for offices of international organizations, including UNESCO, ICESCO, IRCICA and OCIS. This creates a space where traditions and innovations coexist and complement each other, stimulating the advancement of science and culture.

The Timurids and the Baburids - including the fragment of the Quran transcribed by Umar Aqta, the talismanic shirt and the key to the Kaaba - are seamlessly integrated into the exposition, allowing visitors to trace how this historical heritage shaped the intellectual and spiritual potential of the region. Through this approach, Center becomes not merely a repository of knowledge, but a living bridge between the Second and the Third Renaissance, ensuring the continuity of traditions and inspiring new generations toward scientific, cultural and spiritual achievements.

The legacy of Amir Temur and his successors plays a pivotal role in the modern world, particularly in shaping the cultural identity of Uzbekistan and fostering international cultural dialogue.

Firstly, it serves as the cornerstone of national identity. The history of the Timurids demonstrates the high level of statehood, science and culture of the region, while their legal and social traditions, reflected in the “Institutes of Temur”, provide an exemplary model of the balance between justice and resolve in governance.

Secondly, the diplomatic experience of Amir Temur remains highly relevant today. His ability to synchronize military strength with flexible and respectful diplomacy serves as an enduring model for contemporary foreign policy and international cultural engagement.

Thirdly, the cultural heritage of the Timurid dynasty fosters international exchange and tourism development. Architectural monuments in Samarkand, Shakhrisabz and other cities attract scholars and visitors from around the world. Exhibits at the Center of Islamic Civilization - including a Quran fragment transcribed by Umar Akta, talismanic Baburid shirt and the key to the Kaaba - allow contemporary visitors to experience the spiritual and intellectual power of the Second Renaissance firsthand.

In this manner, Center of Islamic Civilization becomes the cornerstone of the Third Renaissance, bridging the past and the present while inspiring a new generation toward scientific and cultural achievements.

Center of Islamic Civilization in Tashkent is not merely a museum, but a living bridge between the past and the future. It integrates the spiritual, cultural, and educational accomplishments of Central Asia, creating a space for scientific research, learning and international cooperation.

The legacy of Amir Temur and the Timurids, reflected in the exhibits and the architectural concept of the Center, demonstrates how spiritual and intellectual values can serve as the foundation for national revival. Quranic fragments, talismanic shirts, ceremonial keys and architectural symbols embody the ideas of Divine protection, science and enlightenment, creating a unique cultural space.

The project serves as the cornerstone of the Third Renaissance of New Uzbekistan, inspiring the modern generation toward achievements in science, education and spiritual sphere. Center of Islamic Civilization is evolving into an intellectual and cultural locomotive for the region, fostering the unification of humanity on the path to peace, harmony, and progress, following the great divine command of “Iqra” - “Read in the name of your Lord”.

Dunyo IA

PRESS RELEASE

International Scientific and Practical Conference dedicated to the 690th   Anniversary of the birth of Sahibkiran Amir Temur

“The image of Sahibkiran Amir Temur,

having become a symbol of our

national statehood, continues to provide

immense spiritual strength to our people

in realizing our identity and restoring

our ancient traditions and values”,

 Shavkat Mirziyoyev

An International Scientific and Practical Conference titled “The role and significance of the civilization of Amir Temur and the Timurids in world history and culture” was organized in the city of Tashkent to mark the 690th anniversary of the birth of Sahibkiran Amir Temur.

This prestigious forum was held at the Center of Islamic Civilization in Uzbekistan, established at the personal initiative of President Shavkat Mirziyoyev.

This international scientific and practical conference serves as a vital platform for scholarly dialogue, aimed at the profound study of national heritage and its extensive promotion on a global scale. It further seeks to re-evaluate the scientific and spiritual achievements of the Timurid era through the lens of modern science.

The conference was organized at the initiative of the Government of Uzbekistan, in cooperation with several ministries, agencies, research institutions, and international organizations. It featured the participation of prominent local and foreign scholars, historians, Orientalists, art historians, archaeologists and political scientists, alongside distinguished faculty members from prestigious universities.

OPENING CEREMONY

The solemn opening ceremony of the conference was organized at the highest level. It was attended by prominent state and public figures, leading scholars, representatives of international organizations and members of the diplomatic corps. In their addresses, the speakers specifically emphasized the persona of Amir Temur and his pivotal role in establishing traditions of statehood, justice and a strong centralized system of governance.

Furthermore, it was noted that science, culture, and art flourished during the Timurid era, and this legacy continues to serve the progress of world civilization to this day. The conference participants emphasized that such events are of paramount importance for comprehending historical heritage and transmitting it to future generations.

INTERNATIONAL PARTICIPATION

The conference featured leading scholars, historians, Orientalists, archaeologists and political scientists from numerous countries, including Türkiye, France, Italy, Germany, the United States, the United Kingdom, Russia, China, India, Iran, Kazakhstan and others, who engaged in an extensive exchange of scholarly perspectives.

In their reports, the participants presented the findings of scientific research on the history of the Timurid era, public administration, science, culture, architecture and international relations. Foreign experts placed particular emphasis on the global significance of this legacy and its role in the cultural dialogue between European and Asian civilizations.

KEY THEMES AND DISCUSSIONS

The following priority topics were extensively discussed during the conference:

• Amir Temur’s strategy in state administration and military art;
• The development of science and the education system during the Timurid era;
• The role of Samarkand and Herat in world civilization;
• Architectural and urban planning traditions of the Timurid period;
• Manuscripts, miniature art, and cultural heritage;
• International diplomacy and trade relations during the Timurid era;
• The study of the Timurid legacy in modern research.
• Additionally, the conference featured various thematic exhibitions, displays of rare manuscripts and specialized scholarly dialogues.

OBJECTIVES AND SIGNIFICANCE

The primary objective of the conference is to facilitate a comprehensive, evidence-based study of the legacy of Amir Temur and the Timurid era, to further elucidate its role in world civilization and to strengthen international scientific cooperation.

In addition to promoting historical heritage, this event served to educate the younger generation in the spirit of respect for national values, while stimulating scientific research and fostering the formation of new academic disciplines.

At the conclusion of the conference, a set of scientific findings, proposals, and recommendations was developed. It was emphasized that these results will serve as a vital strategic foundation for the future study and promotion of the Timurid legacy.

In recent years, relations between the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Kyrgyz Republic have become one of the key pillars of regional cooperation in Central Asia. These relations are founded on a shared border, historical proximity, regular political dialogue between the heads of state, and growing interdependence in trade, transport and logistics, energy, industry, agriculture, and the development of border regions. Consequently, the bilateral agenda is steadily evolving beyond the framework of traditional good-neighbourly relations toward a comprehensive and long-term economic partnership.

Regular high-level contacts continue to define the strategic direction of bilateral cooperation. The Joint Commission on Bilateral Cooperation remains the principal institutional mechanism for intergovernmental coordination. In May 2026, the Deputy Prime Ministers of Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan held a meeting on the sidelines of the KazanForum. In June, the relevant ministers discussed current issues related to trade, investment, and economic cooperation. On 22–23 June 2026, the 12th session of the Intergovernmental Commission was held in Cholpon-Ata.

An important component of this cooperation architecture is the development of direct interregional ties. The Council of Governors of Uzbekistan's border regions and the Plenipotentiary Representatives of the President of the Kyrgyz Republic, established in 2017, was transformed in 2025 into the Council of Heads of Regions of the two countries. As a continuation of this process, the first Uzbekistan–Kyrgyzstan Forum of Regions is planned to be held in Uzbekistan. This format has significant practical importance for promoting trade, logistics, border crossing infrastructure, local markets, and entrepreneurship in border areas.

Business-to-business cooperation is also becoming increasingly dynamic. In July 2024, Tashkent hosted a business forum attended by 350 entrepreneurs. The event resulted in the signing of 20 agreements worth a total of USD 213 million. Preparations for the next business forum in Bishkek confirm the regular nature of this dialogue and its focus not only on trade operations but also on projects aimed at strengthening industrial cooperation.

The growth in bilateral trade reflects the expanding economic interests of both countries. By the end of 2025, mutual trade had reached nearly USD 1.2 billion, representing an increase of 36.4 percent. The positive trend continued during January–May 2026, when bilateral trade amounted to USD 468.8 million, up by 43.9 percent compared to the same period of the previous year. Uzbekistan's exports increased by 60.8 percent, while imports from Kyrgyzstan grew by 12.1 percent. The commodity structure has also become increasingly diversified: Uzbekistan primarily exports textiles, food products, construction materials, and machinery, whereas imports from Kyrgyzstan include ores, electricity, metals, and plastic products.

To consolidate these positive trends, the two countries are implementing the Programme for Increasing Bilateral Trade for 2024–2030. The programme is aimed at moving beyond the expansion of individual commodity groups toward a more sustainable trade model through the diversification of product ranges, the development of new distribution channels, and the removal of trade barriers. Within this framework, the parties are addressing issues related to coal, construction materials, livestock, seedlings, and sheet glass.

The next stage of cooperation focuses on trade, logistics, and industrial instruments. The International Trade Centre "Termez" provides Kyrgyz products with an additional southern export route. Trade houses in Bishkek and Tashkent are expected to become permanent platforms for promoting bilateral trade, while assembly production facilities utilizing Uzbek-made components will add greater industrial value to bilateral economic relations.

The investment dimension is supported by the growing presence of businesses in each other's markets. Currently, 450 enterprises with Kyrgyz capital operate in Uzbekistan, while 85 enterprises with Uzbek capital are active in Kyrgyzstan. This demonstrates a gradual transition from conventional trade transactions to more sustainable forms of business cooperation.

Industrial cooperation is acquiring tangible substance. In the Chui Region, automobile production has been launched with the participation of the Uzbek side, including the assembly of the Onix, Captiva, Damas, Cobalt, Tahoe, and Tracker models.

The opportunities for cooperation, however, extend well beyond the automotive industry. In geology, both countries are interested in jointly exploring a number of mineral deposits, including iron ore and phosphorite reserves, as well as cooperating in the development of critical minerals. In the pharmaceutical sector, the parties are working on projects to manufacture affordable medicines.

The textile and light industry also retains considerable potential. Textile enterprises have already been established in Kara-Balta and Andijan, garment production is expanding in Bishkek and Osh Region, and textile manufacturing is being developed in the Chui Region.

Alongside industrial initiatives, energy cooperation remains of strategic importance. The Kambarata HPP-1 project occupies a central place on the bilateral agenda. It is essential to expedite the conclusion of the intergovernmental agreement on the project while ensuring a balanced approach to the water and energy interests of both countries.

Transport cooperation complements this agenda, as it directly affects the sustainability of economic ties. Creating predictable operating conditions for transport operators requires the establishment of a joint working group and the development of a Joint Transport and Logistics Programme for 2026–2028.

Financial support for a number of bilateral initiatives is provided by the Uzbekistan–Kyrgyzstan Development Fund. Its portfolio already includes projects in transport, finance, light industry, construction materials, and energy. Expanding the Fund's project portfolio and considering Kyrgyzstan's participation in its authorized capital could further strengthen the institution's long-term sustainability.

Border infrastructure also deserves particular attention, as it translates the broader bilateral agenda into practical cooperation at the regional level.

Overall, these developments demonstrate that Uzbekistan–Kyrgyzstan relations are entering a more mature stage of economic partnership. Growing trade, expanding industrial cooperation, energy coordination, transport connectivity, agricultural and industrial initiatives, together with enhanced financial mechanisms, are forming not merely a collection of individual agreements but an integrated system of long-term strategic partnership.

In the 21st century, the rapid development of global economic ties has further heightened the strategic importance of transport and logistics systems. From this perspective, strengthening transport cooperation among the member states of the Organization of Turkic States (OTS) —located in a key geoeconomic region connecting Europe and Asia—has become a priority.

Within the OTS framework, practical initiatives are being advanced to develop modern transport corridors, build up transit capacity, and create a single logistics space. This serves not only to deepen regional integration but also to ensure sustainable economic growth and connectivity across Eurasia.

The OTS countries are among Uzbekistan's primary trade and economic partners. Specifically, Uzbekistan maintains a large volume of trade with Kazakhstan, a free trade agreement with Azerbaijan, and most-favored-nation status with Turkey and Hungary.

In 2023, Uzbekistan's cargo transport volume with OTS member countries reached 17.5 million tons, accounting for nearly 38 percent of its total export-import shipments.

To further intensify multilateral cooperation within the Organization and strengthen the strategic partnership between its member states, the 12th Summit of the Organization of Turkic States was held on October 7, 2024, in Gabala, Azerbaijan, under the motto "Regional Peace and Security."

Following the summit, the parties adopted the 121-point Gabala Declaration. This document outlined a number of priority objectives for expanding cooperation in the political, economic, transport, communications, energy, and security spheres. The declaration paid special attention to the transport sector, identifying the further strengthening of transport connectivity between Europe and Asia, the enhancement of the region's transit potential, and the expansion of trade and economic ties as key tasks.

Additionally, the development of the Trans-Caspian International Transport Corridor (the Middle Corridor) was recognized as one of the organization's strategic priorities. Special emphasis was placed on increasing the efficiency of freight supply chains across Eurasia, diversifying transport routes, and enhancing the region's importance in the global logistics system by improving this corridor.

Furthermore, an agreement was reached at the summit to implement the "OTS+" format, aimed at expanding the geographical scope of cooperation between the Organization of Turkic States and external partners and third countries.

At this summit, the head of our state underscored the importance of connecting the Middle Corridor with the China–Kyrgyzstan–Uzbekistan railway and the Trans-Afghan Corridor, as well as digitalizing customs procedures and optimizing tariffs. The proposed initiatives were supported by the organization's member states, who expressed their readiness for joint work in these areas.

According to experts, the China–Kyrgyzstan–Uzbekistan railway is expected to create the shortest corridor from China to countries in Europe and the Middle East, reducing the distance by 900 kilometers and freight delivery times by 7–8 days.

The construction of the Uzbekistan–Afghanistan–Pakistan railway is another vital project for transregional cooperation. This project will link the South Asian railway system with the railway networks of Central Asia and Eurasia.

In recent years, as attention to the Trans-Caspian Corridor has grown, the volume of freight transported along it has been steadily increasing. In 2023, the transit of Uzbek cargo on this route through the Port of Baku exceeded 1.2 million tons, and there are plans to increase this figure to 1.5 million tons in the near future.

Uzbekistan is an active user of the strategic "China–Kyrgyzstan–Uzbekistan–Turkmenistan/Kazakhstan–Caspian Sea–Azerbaijan–Georgia–Turkey–Europe" route, which runs through the member states of the Organization of Turkic States (OTS). In cooperation with the OTS, special importance is attached to the development of this corridor. Specifically, large-scale work is underway to modernize infrastructure and coordinate logistics processes.

As the development and diversification of global logistics chains and transport corridors, along with the formation of a unified transit network, become particularly relevant, realizing the potential of the Organization of Turkic States is coming to the forefront.

Within the OTS framework, special attention is also given to implementing digital solutions in supply chains. In particular, an electronic permit exchange system (e-Permit) has been established among the Organization's member states, and the e-TIR system has been implemented with Azerbaijan. Alongside these efforts, solutions such as electronic customs, automated cargo tracking systems, and the "digital customs corridor" are being widely introduced in OTS countries.

The aforementioned initiatives are an important step toward creating a single transport space among the Turkic states. Through digital systems, new transport routes, and joint investments, the OTS countries are deepening their mutual integration and strengthening their positions within the Eurasian transport network.

IA “Dunyo”

In the context of today’s global development, the competitiveness of states is determined прежде всего by their intellectual potential, modern education systems, scientific advancement, and innovative capabilities. In this regard, education, science, and innovation are gaining strategic importance in elevating cooperation among Turkic states to a fundamentally new level. These areas contribute not only to economic growth and human capital development, but also to strengthening spiritual closeness among peoples, creating a common civilizational space, and building a solid foundation for future progress.

In recent years, thanks to the efforts of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Shavkat Mirziyoyev, an entirely new atmosphere has emerged in relations with the Turkic states. In particular, large-scale projects implemented in the fields of higher education, science, and innovation are gradually becoming a practical mechanism for Turkic integration. Today, hundreds of inter-university agreements, joint educational programs, academic exchanges, and research projects are being implemented with Türkiye, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Azerbaijan, and Turkmenistan.

Cooperation with Kazakhstan is among the most active areas in this regard. Currently, more than 280 agreements and memorandums are in force between higher education institutions of Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan. In recent years, student exchange between the two countries has increased significantly. In particular, during the 2025/2026 academic year, the number of Kazakh students studying at universities in Uzbekistan exceeded 1,000. At the same time, more than 5,500 Uzbek students are pursuing higher education in Kazakhstan.

The practice of opening branch campuses of universities has also marked a new stage in Turkic educational integration. The branch of South Kazakhstan University in Chirchiq and the branch of the National Research University “TIIAME” in Almaty are vivid examples of such important initiatives. These projects contribute not only to training qualified personnel, but also to developing common educational standards.

Cooperation with Kyrgyzstan is also developing consistently. In recent years, more than 90 agreements and memorandums have been signed between the universities of the two countries. In 2023, a forum of rectors was held in Osh, and in 2024 another forum took place in Samarkand, resulting in dozens of new agreements. These forums are becoming important platforms for shaping a common higher education space among the Turkic states.

Uzbekistan’s allocation of state grants for Kyrgyz youth is also of particular importance. Since 2021, 100 state grants have been allocated annually for citizens of Kyrgyzstan. This contributes to strengthening the integration of human capital through education.

In cooperation with Azerbaijan, cultural and educational initiatives occupy a special place. Universities of the two countries are implementing joint projects in philology, literature, arts, tourism, oil and gas studies, and medicine.

The operation of the Fuzuli Center for Azerbaijani Culture, Education and Research at the Tashkent State University of Uzbek Language and Literature, as well as the establishment of the Alisher Navoi Scientific Center in Baku, are vivid examples of the spiritual closeness between the two peoples. Such centers contribute to the in-depth study of the common literary and cultural heritage of the Turkic nations.

It should be emphasized that the joint study and promotion of the legacy of great ancestors plays an important role in strengthening the spiritual foundations of Turkic integration. In particular, the legacy of Alisher Navoi serves as a powerful spiritual bridge uniting Turkic peoples. On February 13, 2026, an international conference titled “Alisher Navoi — the Great Representative of Turkic Literature” was held at the TURKSOY headquarters in Ankara to mark the 585th anniversary of the poet’s birth. The event brought together representatives of science, literature, and diplomacy from across the Turkic world, as well as prominent scholars and cultural figures.

During the conference, TURKSOY Secretary General Sultan Raev described Navoi as the common conscience and civilizational symbol of the Turkic world. Discussions focused on researching Navoi’s works using modern scientific approaches, studying manuscripts, and expanding publishing and translation activities. In particular, the full publication of the “Khamsa” in Azerbaijani and the translation of “Mahbub ul-Qulub” into several Turkic languages demonstrate that Navoi’s legacy has become a shared spiritual treasure of the Turkic world.

As part of the conference, international scientific projects implemented by the Tashkent State University of Uzbek Language and Literature were presented. In addition, the awarding of TURKSOY medals to several Uzbek scholars and cultural figures for their contributions to Turkic culture and literature became a high recognition of spiritual cooperation.

Turkology occupies a special place in the scientific and cultural cooperation among Turkic states. The International Conference on Turkological Studies dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the First Turkological Congress, held on April 8, 2025, at Baku Slavic University, demonstrated that cooperation in this sphere is reaching a new level. The event brought together representatives of the Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, leaders of universities from Türkiye, Kazakhstan, and Uzbekistan, prominent scholars, and a delegation from Namangan State University. Discussions focused on promising directions in Turkological research, the study of shared historical and cultural heritage, and the expansion of international academic cooperation.

Humanitarian and scientific cooperation with Turkmenistan is also developing harmoniously. Joint research, olympiads, international conferences, and scientific projects are regularly organized between Uzbek and Turkmen scholars. In particular, the launch of a joint scientific project competition and the financing of four joint research initiatives starting from 2024 are of great significance.

Cooperation with Türkiye has become one of the largest and most institutionalized dimensions of Turkic integration. In recent years, more than 200 cooperation agreements have been signed between higher education institutions of Uzbekistan and Türkiye. Dozens of new projects have also been launched within the framework of rectors’ forums between the two countries.

Joint educational programs, technoparks, and projects in engineering and high technologies are being implemented with leading Turkish universities. In particular, training courses on drone technologies organized in cooperation with the company TUSAŞ, the establishment of an innovative educational and industrial technopark based on the “Yildiz” technopark concept, and the activities of the branch campus of the Turkish University of Economics and Technology in Tashkent are creating a new model of Turkic innovation cooperation.

Today, the integration of Turkic states is no longer limited to cultural proximity or historical commonality. It is gaining new substance through innovation, startups, digital technologies, artificial intelligence, engineering, and scientific research. Joint scientific project competitions conducted between Uzbekistan and Türkiye in cooperation with TÜBİTAK are a practical manifestation of this process.

At the same time, initiatives are being advanced to strengthen academic mobility among Turkic states, ensure mutual recognition of diplomas and qualifications, create unified educational platforms, and establish scientific journals and research funds. Most importantly, these processes are driven by the idea of investing in human capital, educating younger generations on the basis of shared values, and ensuring intellectual unity. In the 21st century, the fate of nations is determined not by oil or gas, but by knowledge, technology, and innovation.

In this sense, cooperation in education, science, and innovation is becoming the most sustainable, promising, and powerful driver of integration among Turkic states. This process not only brings Turkic peoples closer together, but also contributes to the emergence of a new intellectual and technological center across the Eurasian region.

One of the important factors elevating Turkic integration to a new stage is the strengthening of institutional cooperation among higher education institutions. Uzbekistan’s chairmanship of the Union of Turkic Universities — TÜRKÜNİB — during 2025–2026, an organization uniting more than 100 universities, clearly demonstrates the country’s active and initiative-driven policy in this area.

On October 15, 2025, the 8th General Assembly of TÜRKÜNİB was held at Tashkent International University within the framework of the “Days of Turkic Science and Innovation.” The event was attended by the Secretary General of the Organization of Turkic States, Kubanychbek Omuraliev, President of the Turkic Academy Shahin Mustafayev, representatives of the OTS and TURKSOY leadership, university rectors, scholars, and representatives of international organizations. Around 200 delegates from 69 universities of Azerbaijan, Türkiye, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Hungary, Northern Cyprus, and Uzbekistan participated in the Assembly.

During the event, the results of the “TurkBarometer” project were presented, and socio-political processes and integration trends within the Turkic states were discussed. Meetings held in the U2U — “University-to-University” — format served as a practical platform for establishing new inter-university partnerships.

Today, one of the important institutional platforms contributing to the formation of a unified academic space among Turkic states is the International University of Turkic States established in Tashkent. The university operates with the aim of deepening cooperation in education, science, and innovation among Turkic countries, training modern specialists, and developing joint scientific research.

The university’s academic programs, governance model, and educational processes are being developed based on the principles of mutual integration among Turkic states. In addition, the institution serves as an important platform for expanding academic exchange among faculty members and students, as well as for implementing joint educational programs and scientific projects.

Integration among Turkic states is no longer confined solely to education and science. Youth policy, student exchange, and sports diplomacy are also becoming important components of this process. In particular, at the 3rd Turkic States Universiade held in Cholpon-Ata, Kyrgyzstan, in September 2025, the Uzbek delegation participated with 80 student-athletes across seven sports disciplines. These competitions contribute to strengthening friendship and solidarity among the youth of Turkic countries, fostering a healthy competitive environment, and developing a shared youth space.

Today, cooperation among Turkic states in the fields of education, science, and innovation is becoming one of the key drivers of common development. Relations strengthened through universities, scientific centers, academic platforms, and youth initiatives are helping to unite the intellectual potential of the Turkic world.

Importantly, these processes are not limited to current interests or short-term projects. Their significance lies in the creation of a common space of knowledge and development for future generations. Convergence in science, innovation, and modern technologies plays a crucial role in enhancing the international competitiveness of Turkic states.

Today, the intellectual cooperation developing among Turkic states is bringing not only universities and research institutions closer together, but also the peoples themselves. This creates an opportunity to build a new model of modern development based on shared history and spiritual heritage.

In this regard, education, science, and innovation are becoming the strongest spiritual and intellectual bridge connecting the common future of the Turkic states.

Nazokat ABDUQUNDUZOVA, Head of the Information Service
Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Innovation

The forthcoming state visit of President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev to Kyrgyzstan on 30–31 July will mark a new milestone in the development of Uzbek–Kyrgyz relations, which have undergone a profound transformation in recent years—from overcoming accumulated disagreements to building a comprehensive model of strategic cooperation.

Today, relations between the two countries are experiencing one of the most substantive periods in their history. Only a few years ago, a significant part of the bilateral agenda concerned issues relating to the state border, the operation of border checkpoints, and the restoration of mutual trust. However, consistent political dialogue has made it possible to resolve the outstanding issues and create space for a new level of cooperation in industry, investment, energy, transport, cross-border development, and the humanitarian sphere.

At the heart of these changes lies the political will of the leaders of the two states. Reciprocal visits and a shared readiness to seek mutually acceptable solutions have created a new atmosphere of trust that now defines the nature of bilateral cooperation. The regular and trust-based dialogue between President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev and President of the Kyrgyz Republic Sadyr Japarov has brought bilateral relations to a fundamentally new level. The signing of the Declaration on Comprehensive Strategic Partnership in 2023 was a logical continuation of this course. The document became both a political symbol of rapprochement and an institutional foundation for long-term cooperation, formalizing the transition of relations to a qualitatively new stage.

The main achievement of recent years is that the border between Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan is no longer perceived solely as a dividing line. It is gradually becoming a space for economic growth, people-to-people contacts, and shared opportunities. This transformation has been one of the most significant accomplishments of the new era of Uzbek–Kyrgyz relations. The final settlement of state border issues was of particular historical importance.

The signing in Khujand on 31 March 2025 of the Treaty on the Junction Point of the State Borders of Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan demonstrated the ability of the region’s states to resolve the most complex issues independently, on the basis of mutual respect and due consideration of one another’s interests.

It is symbolic that the successful completion of the process of resolving border issues in Central Asia has also received international recognition. Adopted on 20 May 2026 at the initiative of the Kyrgyz Republic, the United Nations General Assembly resolution entitled “Peaceful Settlement of Border Disputes” established at the global level the principles of resolving territorial issues peacefully through dialogue, mutual trust, and consideration of the interests of all parties. For Central Asia, where historic progress has been achieved in recent years in the delimitation of state borders, the document represented important confirmation of the relevance of the region’s accumulated experience and recognition of the contribution made by Central Asian countries to international security.

The political and legal foundation that has been established is now undergoing further institutional development. The leaders’ declarations and agreements are supported by a comprehensive set of mechanisms, including the Supreme Interstate Council, the Intergovernmental Commission, the Interparliamentary Commission, the Business Council, and formats for interregional cooperation. Significantly, the twelfth meeting of the Joint Intergovernmental Commission was held in Cholpon-Ata in June this year, during which the parties agreed on further measures to expand trade, industrial cooperation, and transport and energy interaction.

The intensive political dialogue is naturally reflected in the economy, which today serves as one of the clearest indicators of the changes that have taken place. Over the past ten years, bilateral trade has increased more than sevenfold, from USD 167.5 million to USD 1.2 billion. Last year alone, growth of 40 percent was recorded.

At the same time, Uzbekistan has become one of Kyrgyzstan’s largest trading partners, accounting for approximately 7 percent of its foreign trade turnover. It is noteworthy that mutual trade has become considerably more diversified in recent years.

Whereas bilateral trade was previously based mainly on the exchange of agricultural products, it is now increasingly dominated by higher value-added goods and products from processing industries. In particular, more than 90 percent of Uzbek exports consist of processed products (40 percent), finished goods (45 percent), and services (6 percent).

A clear example of this progress is the growing number of enterprises involving capital from the two countries. More than 300 enterprises with Kyrgyz investment currently operate in Uzbekistan, while around 70 enterprises involving Uzbek businesses operate in Kyrgyzstan. This indicates that the business communities of the two countries increasingly regard each other not only as markets for their products, but also as partners in joint production and the development of long-term industrial ties.

The Uzbekistan–Kyrgyzstan Development Fund has become an important instrument in supporting this trend. The decision to increase its authorized capital to USD 200 million significantly expands opportunities to finance projects in industry, agriculture, logistics, energy, construction, tourism, and services. This is helping to create a more sustainable economic foundation for bilateral cooperation. In the future, joint ventures could become the core of cross-border production chains targeting third-country markets by combining Uzbekistan’s industrial capacity, Kyrgyzstan’s natural resource and energy potential, and the advantageous geographical position of both countries.

The dynamic growth of trade and industrial cooperation has naturally increased the importance of transport connectivity, which is becoming one of the key areas of the new stage of Uzbek–Kyrgyz cooperation. In recent years, cooperation has moved beyond the modernization of roads and border checkpoints toward the implementation of regional-scale infrastructure projects. Chief among them is the China–Kyrgyzstan–Uzbekistan railway, which opens a new chapter in the transport integration of Central Asia.

After almost three decades of discussion, the project has entered the implementation stage. With a total length of 538 kilometres, the railway will connect China’s western regions with Central Asia and provide the shortest overland route toward the Middle East and Europe.

The new railway is expected to shorten the freight route between China and Europe by approximately 900 kilometres, reduce delivery times by seven to eight days—almost one-third—and carry up to 15 million tonnes of cargo annually.

For Kyrgyzstan, the project means transforming from a landlocked country into an important Eurasian transit link. For Uzbekistan, it means diversifying export routes, strengthening ties with China, and improving the resilience of foreign trade. At the same time, the project’s significance extends far beyond the construction of a railway. Logistics centres, industrial zones, and new production facilities will emerge along the route. Combined with the development of the Trans-Afghan Transport Corridor, this will create the conditions for Central Asia to become one of Eurasia’s key transport and logistics hubs.

Energy cooperation occupies a special place in the Uzbek–Kyrgyz partnership. For many years, water and energy issues remained among the most sensitive aspects of relations between the countries of the region. Today, however, a fundamental shift is taking place: rather than focusing on differences, the parties are increasingly concentrating on joint solutions.

The most ambitious example of this approach is the construction of the Kambarata-1 Hydropower Plant, which Kyrgyzstan is implementing jointly with Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan. The project, valued at approximately USD 4 billion, envisages the construction of a hydropower facility with a capacity of 1,860 MW and annual electricity generation of 5.6 billion kWh, making it one of the largest energy facilities in Central Asia.

The project’s importance goes far beyond the energy sector. For the first time in the region’s history, three states are jointly implementing an infrastructure project of this scale, sharing investment, risks, and future benefits. Its implementation will strengthen regional energy security, enhance the sustainability of the water and energy balance, and expand opportunities for mutual electricity supplies.

At the same time, the sustainability of the strategic partnership is determined not only by large-scale infrastructure projects. The humanitarian dimension of cooperation, rooted in the historical closeness of the two peoples and intensive interpersonal contacts, plays an equally important role.

More than 300,000 ethnic Kyrgyz currently live in Uzbekistan, where six Kyrgyz cultural centres and more than 50 schools offering instruction in the Kyrgyz language operate. Kyrgyzstan, in turn, is home to a large Uzbek community that forms an integral part of the country’s social and cultural fabric. These humanitarian ties have become one of the most important sources of trust between the two states.

The most vivid practical manifestation of the level of trust achieved can be seen in the Fergana Valley, a region where the most complex issues of cross-border interaction had been concentrated for decades. In many ways, the valley serves as a reflection of the processes taking place across Central Asia. Today, it is gradually being transformed from an area of potential disagreement into a territory of cooperation, dialogue, and joint development.

An important symbol of this transformation was the first Fergana Peace Forum, held in the city of Fergana in October 2025 under the slogan “Fergana Valley: Joining Efforts for Peace and Progress.” For the first time, the Fergana Valley became a platform for developing joint solutions. Discussions focused on strengthening trust, advancing cross-border cooperation, unlocking the region’s economic potential, promoting cultural engagement, and enhancing the role of young people in ensuring sustainable peace.

A notable feature of the Fergana Forum was the holding of Yntymak Day, or “Day of Unity,” under its auspices. Since 2023, the event has been held in Kyrgyzstan as a platform for strengthening dialogue among government bodies, civil society institutions, and international organizations in support of peace and harmony in the region. In 2025, it was held in Uzbekistan for the first time.

The emerging atmosphere of cooperation is reflected not only in political initiatives but also in the growth of humanitarian contacts between the citizens of the two countries. Cooperation in tourism expanded considerably in 2025. Kyrgyzstan is among the largest sources of tourists visiting Uzbekistan. While approximately 652,000 Kyrgyz citizens visited the country in 2021, the figure reached 3.3 million in 2025. The growth in mutual travel demonstrates that open borders and improved transport links are already having a direct impact on everyday contacts between the people of the two countries.

Cultural exchange is also expanding. Days of Culture, joint festivals, educational programmes, and events dedicated to the legacy of prominent figures from both nations are strengthening Central Asia’s shared humanitarian space. The legacy of Chinghiz Aitmatov, whose works form part of the region’s common cultural heritage, carries particular symbolic importance.

Joint events marking anniversaries associated with his life and work demonstrate that culture is becoming an important means of strengthening mutual understanding between the two peoples.

Kyrgyzstan’s election as a non-permanent member of the United Nations Security Council for 2027–2028 adds an international dimension to the Uzbek–Kyrgyz partnership. This historic achievement not only reflects the high degree of confidence that the international community places in Kyrgyzstan’s foreign policy, but also opens new opportunities to promote Central Asian interests on the global stage.

For Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan’s membership of the Security Council offers an additional opportunity for closer coordination on regional security, sustainable development, the water and climate agenda, transport connectivity, and the strengthening of multilateral cooperation. It will enable the countries to advance Central Asia’s shared interests more consistently, building on the high level of trust and strategic partnership established between the two states.

Kyrgyzstan’s election can also be regarded as a shared achievement for the region, reflecting Central Asia’s growing international standing and recognition of the policy of good-neighbourliness and constructive cooperation pursued by the region’s states.

Against this background, the issue of further deepening the Uzbek–Kyrgyz strategic partnership is taking on particular significance. Whereas the previous stage of bilateral relations focused on restoring trust, resolving accumulated disagreements, and creating a solid political and legal foundation for cooperation, the success of the current stage will largely depend on the ability of the two states to make joint use of emerging opportunities and translate the level of political trust achieved into sustainable institutional mechanisms for long-term development.

This is especially relevant in the context of implementing major projects designed for decades to come, including the China–Kyrgyzstan–Uzbekistan railway, the Kambarata-1 Hydropower Plant, the expansion of industrial cooperation, and the formation of new transport, logistics, and production chains. Their effectiveness will depend not only on the volume of investment but also on the parties’ ability to ensure predictable conditions for cooperation, coordinated decision-making, and the long-term stability of the mechanisms they establish.

The development of cross-border cooperation remains one of the most promising areas. The final settlement of state border issues has created opportunities to transform border regions into spaces of shared economic growth. Further improvement of cooperation mechanisms between border regions, the implementation of joint infrastructure projects, and stronger interregional ties could make these areas one of the key drivers of bilateral cooperation.

At the same time, construction of the China–Kyrgyzstan–Uzbekistan railway is creating the conditions for the establishment of joint logistics and industrial zones along the route, the development of modern multimodal terminals, and the digitalization of customs and border procedures. This will make it possible to transform the new railway from merely a transport route into a fully fledged economic corridor that stimulates industrial development and attracts international investment.

The development of industrial cooperation offers equally important prospects. The next stage could involve the establishment of sustainable cross-border production chains, expanded cooperation between small and medium-sized enterprises, joint access to third-country markets, and the further removal of remaining administrative barriers to mutual trade and investment.

The strong complementarity of the two economies creates opportunities for deeper sectoral specialization, particularly in the agro-industrial sector. The establishment of joint clusters for the advanced processing of agricultural products would significantly increase added value, improve the competitiveness of producers, and expand export potential.

At the same time, climate change and the growing risks posed by transboundary natural hazards are objectively broadening the strategic partnership agenda. In these circumstances, strengthening mechanisms for the joint prevention of and response to emergencies, developing information-sharing and early-warning systems, and coordinating efforts to ensure the environmental security of border areas are becoming increasingly important.

The further development of water and energy cooperation remains another major priority. The Kambarata-1 Hydropower Plant project already demonstrates a transition toward a new model of regional cooperation based on joint investment, shared infrastructure management, and the distribution of benefits. In the future, the principles of mutual consideration of interests, equitable benefit-sharing, and collective responsibility for the rational use of water resources could form the basis of a modern system of regional water and energy partnership.

Thus, the further development of the Uzbek–Kyrgyz strategic partnership will be determined not only by maintaining a high level of political dialogue but also by consistently strengthening the institutional foundations of cooperation. This approach will ensure the sustainability of the progress achieved and create a solid basis for implementing joint projects in the interests of both states and Central Asia as a whole.

In conclusion, Uzbek–Kyrgyz relations are currently experiencing perhaps the most dynamic stage in the independent history of the two countries. The strategic partnership between Tashkent and Bishkek extends far beyond bilateral cooperation and is becoming an important factor in shaping a new architecture of interaction in Central Asia.

The joint settlement of border issues, implementation of major infrastructure projects, advancement of regional initiatives at the United Nations, and expansion of opportunities for coordinating international efforts demonstrate that Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan are moving from resolving accumulated problems to jointly shaping the future. This model of partnership is becoming one of the key sources of stability, connectivity, and international agency for Central Asia as a whole.

Azamat Sulimanov
Head of Department, Institute for Strategic and Regional Studies under the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan (ISRS)

Shakhlo Khamrakhodjaeva
Leading Research Fellow, Institute for Strategic and Regional Studies under the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan (ISRS)

In the context of rapidly changing global economies, transport and logistics are becoming more than just infrastructure elements, but crucial instruments of economic and geopolitical influence. Against this backdrop, the Organization of Turkic States (OTS) is gradually emerging as one of the most promising platforms for regional cooperation in Eurasia. The development of transport and transit links, which are now becoming the foundation for the economic integration of the Turkic countries, holds a special place in the Organization's activities.

In this regard, the informal summit of the OTS, which will take place on May 14-15 this year in Turkestan (Republic of Kazakhstan), will be positive step in further strengthening the position of the Organization, deepening cooperation and uniting the efforts of all Turkic states.

Transport as the basis of a new Eurasian architecture

Today, the member states of the OTS interact in more than 40 areas – from economics and energy to digital technologies and artificial intelligence. However, transport sphere is gradually becoming the main driver of integration.

This is due to the unique geographical location of the Turkic countries. The region is located at the intersection of major international routes connecting Europe, Central Asia, China, the Middle East, and South Asia. A new Eurasian logistics system is effectively emerging, in which the OTS’s member states play a key link between East and West.

Amid the transformation of global supply chains and growing competition between international transport routes, the states of the region are striving not only to strengthen their own infrastructure but also to create a unified transit and logistics space.

Formation of a common transport policy

In recent years, a solid legal framework has been created within the OTS, which enshrines the strategic importance of this area in documents such as «Turkic Vision 2040» and «OTS Strategy for 2022–2026».

The 2022 Samarkand Summit was of particular significance, as it saw the signing of «Agreement on International Combined Freight Transport among the Governments of the Member States of the OTS» and «the Transport Connectivity Program». These documents ushered in a new era of cooperation among Turkic countries in the near future and established specific mechanisms for its implementation.

An important step was the introduction of the e-CMR system in 2026, which allows for the electronic transfer of transport documentation. This significantly simplifies transportation, reduces bureaucratic procedures, and expedites the passage of goods across state borders. At the same time, cooperation is developing in the digitalization of customs processes, the implementation of electronic permits, and the unification of transit procedures.

Institutional strengthening of cooperation

In recent years, the OTS has been consistently developing an institutional framework for transport integration, moving cooperation from a political and declarative level to a practical level. Regular meetings of the competent authorities of the Organization’s member states play a key role in this process.

Thus, at the meeting of OTS Transport ministers in April 2026 in Bishkek, the focus was on the development of transport corridors and the removal of border crossing barriers. Essentially, this is about creating a more coordinated regional transport system capable of increasing the competitiveness of OTS routes amid growing freight flows between Asia and Europe.

Meetings of heads of railway administration, held since 2022, serve a similar function. At the October 2025 meeting in Bishkek, issues of digitalization of transportation management and improving the efficiency of rail service were discussed. This demonstrates the desire of the OTS countries to unify transport procedures and reduce logistics costs within the region.

An additional step toward institutionalization was the creation of the Alliance of Logistics Centers and Cargo Carriers within the OTS in Tashkent in 2024. The establishment of this structure demonstrates a shift toward deeper business involvement in transport integration processes.

Transport corridors as a strategic basis for the integration of OTS countries

One of the key areas of the OTS's transport strategy is the creation of a unified space of transport connectivity, centered on the development of international corridors linking East and West, as well as North and South Eurasia.

The «Middle Corridor», connecting China and Europe via Central Asia and the South Caucasus, is particularly important in this system. Against the backdrop of the transformation of global logistics, geopolitical instability, and the desire of states to diversify trade routes, this corridor is becoming one of the most promising transport arteries in Eurasia.

While the volume of traffic along this route remained relatively limited in 2020, by 2025 it exceeded 5 million tons, an increase of almost sixfold. This demonstrates the gradual transformation of the «Middle Corridor» from an alternative route into an important element of the global transport system.

Moreover, the corridor's significance extends far beyond its purely transit function. For the OTS’s member states, its development means strengthening trade and economic ties, expanding access to external markets, attracting investment, and increasing the resilience of national economies to external challenges. In the long term, the «Middle Corridor» is seen as the foundation for the development of a new model of Eurasian connectivity.

A key element of this strategy is the implementation of the «China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan» railway project, which is already considered one of the most significant infrastructure projects in Central Asia. Construction of the highway, which includes 50 bridges and 29 tunnels with a total length of approximately 120 kilometers, is estimated to cost approximately $4.7 billion.

The project will significantly reduce freight delivery times between China and Europe, strengthen Central Asia’s transit potential, and enhance the integration of the OTS’s transport system. Essentially, this creates a new strategic route capable of transforming the region's logistics configuration.

Equally important is the development of the «Trans-Afghan Corridor», which opens OTS countries to the markets of South Asia, with a population of approximately 1,9 billion and a combined GDP of approximately $3,5 trillion. For Central Asian states, this creates opportunities to diversify foreign trade, expand export routes, and reduce transportation costs. At the same time, the Trans-Afghan route has the potential to become a factor in the economic stabilization of the region by boosting trade, investment, and industrial cooperation.

Uzbekistan as a Driver of Transport Integration in the OTS

Since the Republic of Uzbekistan joined the Organization of Turkic States in 2019, transport and logistics cooperation has become a key focus of the country's foreign economic strategy within the Organization. Against the backdrop of the transformation of global supply chains, the growing importance of alternative Eurasian routes, and increased competition among international transport corridors, Tashkent has consistently promoted initiatives aimed at creating a unified transport and transit space for the OTS.

The initiatives of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Shavkat Mirziyoyev, play a key role in advancing this agenda. He views transport connectivity as a key factor in regional integration and economic development. At the OTS summit in Turkey in 2021, the head of state emphasized the need for systemic cooperation in transport and transit, effectively marking a shift to a more comprehensive approach within the Organization. This agenda received significant impetus at the 2022 Samarkand Summit, where Uzbekistan advocated for the development of multimodal routes and the implementation of the e-TIR, e-Permit, and e-CMR electronic systems.

Uzbek logistics centers Universal Logistics Services (Tashkent), Akhtachy (Andijan), and Termez Cargo Center (Surkhandarya) joined the «Sister Ports» initiative, marking a practical step toward integrating Uzbekistan’s transport infrastructure into the regional logistics network.

At the summit in Astana in 2023, Uzbekistan again emphasized the diversification of transport routes and the development of the «Middle Corridor», which, in the current geo-economic environment, is acquiring strategic significance as an perspective route between Asia and Europe. At the same time, Tashkent promoted for the expansion of transport routes connecting OTS countries with the markets of China, South Asia, and Europe.

A logical continuation of this line of action was the initiatives announced at the OTS summit in Bishkek in November 2024. The focus was on optimizing transit tariffs, simplifying border procedures, creating joint logistics mechanisms, and transitioning to electronic document management.

In May 2025, at the informal OTS summit in Hungary, Uzbekistan supported for the accelerated implementation of «single-window» systems and «green corridors» along the Trans-Caspian route. At the summit in Gabala in November 2025, special attention was paid to enhancing the competitiveness of the «Middle Corridor», modernizing infrastructure, and other areas. Particular importance was placed on linking this route with the «China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan» railway project and the «Trans-Afghan Corridor», which effectively creates a new system of transport connectivity across a vast region.

The International Forum on Multimodal Transportation held in Tashkent on November 12, 2025, was a practical confirmation of Uzbekistan's growing role in the OTS’s transport agenda.

Overall, the Turkic countries are already demonstrating a willingness to move beyond the idea of ​​partnership to the creation of a unified interconnected space. Joint infrastructure projects, the development of interregional corridors, the digitalization of logistics, and Uzbekistan’s active role in promoting these processes form the foundation of a new transport architecture within the OTS.

Sarvar Kamolov,

the Chief Research Fellow of
the Institute for Strategic and Regional Studies
under the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan

Cooperation between Uzbekistan and Serbia in digital technologies, IT services exports, startups, artificial intelligence and innovation entered a new phase in the second half of 2025.

A major milestone was the official visit of Serbian President Aleksandar Vučić to Uzbekistan on October 28, 2025, coinciding with the 30th anniversary of diplomatic relations between the two countries. During the first full-scale summit between the two heads of state, information technology and digitalization were identified among the priority areas for bilateral cooperation, alongside mechanical engineering, pharmaceuticals, the chemical industry, agriculture and tourism.

The two sides also signed a dedicated agreement on cooperation in engineering, advanced technologies, artificial intelligence and related fields, creating an institutional foundation for deeper technology partnerships.

From political agreements to technology projects

The high-level political dialogue was followed immediately by discussions focused on practical technology cooperation. On October 29, 2025, President Vučić visited IT Park Uzbekistan, where the Serbian delegation was introduced to Uzbekistan’s growing technology ecosystem, export-oriented IT companies and locally developed digital solutions.

The delegation was presented with solutions developed by companies and organizations including UniconSoft, Didox/Venkon, Kpi.com and UzSpace, as well as UZINFOCOM products such as Palm ID, HRM.argos.uz, uGaz and DMed. The discussions covered the potential establishment of a joint IT enterprise in Serbia, the deployment of Palm ID technology, and the development of a venture mechanism to support startups from both countries.

Towards the end of 2025, IT Park also promoted the Trucking Outsourcing Weekend with IT Park format in Belgrade, targeting logistics and outsourcing companies. The initiative was designed to demonstrate how Serbian and international businesses could leverage Uzbekistan to build operational teams, access skilled professionals, optimize costs and scale their international operations.

Moving towards a practical cooperation model

In 2026, the two sides continued efforts to translate the agreements reached in 2025 into practical business mechanisms.

At a business forum held in February with the participation of IT Park, government representatives and more than 80 entrepreneurs, discussions focused on IT outsourcing, business process outsourcing (BPO), knowledge process outsourcing (KPO), joint ventures, data centers and venture capital mechanisms.

One of the most promising concepts discussed was a “Serbia as front office, Uzbekistan as back office and delivery hub” model.

The concept is based on complementary strengths rather than competition between the two markets. Serbia offers geographic proximity to European and Western Balkan markets, experience in serving international clients, established business networks and a developed innovation ecosystem. Uzbekistan, meanwhile, can provide scalable technical and operational teams, competitive operating costs, a growing talent pool and a platform for expansion into Central Asia.

The value of this model lies in combining Serbia’s capabilities in client relations, business development and international networks with Uzbekistan’s strengths in technical delivery, workforce scalability and operational execution.

At a follow-up meeting in February 2026, Uzbekistan’s Minister of Digital Technologies Sherzod Shermatov and Serbia’s Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Economy Adriana Mesarović discussed in detail cooperation in the IT industry, artificial intelligence, data centers, digitalization of public administration, and cybersecurity. The Serbian delegation also visited IT Park Uzbekistan, UzSOC, and UZINFOCOM, where it reviewed cyber incident response mechanisms, as well as the infrastructure supporting government information systems and data centers. In turn, the Serbian side shared its experience in developing supercomputing infrastructure and data centers.

Сooperation indicators

Meanwhile, cooperation between Uzbekistan and Serbia in the export of IT services is demonstrating a steady positive trend. In 2024, two IT Park Uzbekistan resident companies exported services to the Serbian market, with a total export volume of approximately $42,000.

By the end of the first nine months of 2025, the number of IT Park residents working with the Serbian market had tripled to six companies. Concurrently, the total export volume exceeded $72,000, indicating a consistent expansion of Uzbek IT companies' presence in this market.

This positive trend continued into 2026. Notably, a resident company with a Serbian founder was registered with IT Park, providing further evidence of Serbian business interest in the opportunities within Uzbekistan's tech ecosystem. To date, the cumulative export volume of services to Serbia has reached approximately $130,000.

Thus, in a relatively short period, this cooperation has evolved from isolated export contracts to a more sustained interaction between companies from both countries. The growth in the number of exporters, the increase in the volume of services provided, and the registration of a resident with Serbian ownership create a favorable foundation for the further development of partnerships in IT outsourcing, BPO/KPO, digital solutions, startups, and joint technology projects. This positions Serbia not merely as another potential destination for Uzbek technology exports, but as a partner with substantial experience in building and selling internationally competitive digital services.

For Uzbekistan, closer cooperation with Serbia could generate several strategic benefits.

First, Serbia can serve as a platform for Uzbek technology companies to gain experience working with European customers, adapt their products to international requirements and build stronger overseas sales channels.

Second, Serbia’s established startup and acceleration infrastructure can help Uzbek startups improve investment readiness, connect with international investors and expand into new markets.

Third, cooperation in logistics technology, GameDev, GovTech, artificial intelligence and cybersecurity could support Uzbekistan’s transition towards higher-value technology and knowledge-based services exports.

For Serbian companies, Uzbekistan represents both a rapidly growing domestic market of around 38 million people and a gateway to the broader Central Asian region.

Serbian technology and service companies can use Uzbekistan to establish delivery centers and BPO/KPO operations, form joint development teams, identify technology partners and test products before expanding them into neighboring regional markets.

Uzbekistan also offers a growing pool of technical talent, an increasingly dynamic startup ecosystem, support mechanisms for technology companies and rising demand for digital solutions across both the public and private sectors.