At the invitation of President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev, President of Mongolia Ukhnaagiin Khurelsukh will pay a state visit to our country on June 23-26.

In accordance with the program of the high-ranking guest's stay, it is envisaged to hold high-level talks in Tashkent, during which issues of further expansion and strengthening of Uzbek-Mongolian relations of friendship and multifaceted cooperation will be considered.

In particular, the agenda includes plans to develop constructive political dialogue and inter-parliamentary contacts, increase bilateral trade turnover, implement cooperation projects in mining, agriculture, livestock, light industry, healthcare, transport, logistics and other areas. Joint measures aimed at boosting cultural, humanitarian and tourist ties will also be discussed. There will be an exchange of views on international issues.

A package of intergovernmental and interdepartmental documents will be signed following the results of the summit.

As part of the program of the state visit, the leaders of the two countries will meet with representatives of leading companies and business circles, and a number of other bilateral events will be held.

Mongolian President Ukhnaagiin Khurelsukh will also visit Khiva, where he will familiarize himself with the rich cultural and historical heritage of our people.

Prezident Shavkat Mirziyoyev 19-sentabr kuni atrof-muhitni muhofaza qilish va turizm sohalaridagi takliflar taqdimoti bilan tanishdi.

Hozirgi kunda havoni musaffo saqlash, ekologik hodisalarning ta'sirini kamaytirish tobora dolzarb bo'lib bormoqda. Shu bois bu borada ikkita dastur ishlab chiqildi.

Birinchisi - Chang bo'ronlariga qarshi kurashish va ularning oqibatlarini yumshatish bo'yicha 2024-2030-yillarga mo'ljallangan milliy dasturdir. Bu hujjatda “Yevro-4” standartidan past toifadagi yoqilg'ini sotish va undan foydalanishni bosqichma-bosqich to'liq taqiqlash nazarda tutiladi. Buning uchun Buxoro va Farg'ona neftni qayta ishlash zavodlari yuqori sifatli yoqilg'i ishlab chiqarish bo'yicha modernizatsiya qilinadi.

Ikkinchisi - Toshkent shahrida atmosfera havosi sifatini yaxshilashga qaratilgan chora-tadbirlar dasturi bo'lib, unga ko'ra, kelgusi 5 yilda poytaxtimiz va unga tutash Toshkent viloyati tumanlarida 441 gektar “yashil belbog'” va bog'lar tashkil qilinadi.

Sanitar tozalash ishlarini tartibga solish maqsadida mavjud markaz negizida Chiqindilarni boshqarish va sirkulyar iqtisodiyotni rivojlantirish agentligini tuzish taklif etilmoqda. Sanitar tozalash korxonalarining samaradorlik ko'rsatkichlariga qarab, uchta toifaga ajratgan holda reyting tizimi joriy qilinadi.

Yangi quriladigan, balandligi 12 metrdan yoki umumiy maydoni 500 kvadrat metrdan ortiq bo'lgan binolarni loyihalashtirishda unga tutash hududlarning kamida 25 foizini ko'kalamzorlashtirish talabi qo'yiladi. Shuningdek, atrof-muhitga zarari ko'p sanoat korxonalari ham “yashil belbog'”lar barpo etish majburiyatini oladi.

Ekologik huquqqbuzarliklarning oldini olish, bu borada jamoatchilik nazoratini kuchaytirish masalalariga ham e'tibor qaratildi. Faol va jonkuyar insonlarni rag'batlantirish maqsadida “O'zbekiston Respublikasida xizmat ko'rsatgan ekolog” faxriy unvonini ta'sis etish taklifi bildirildi.

Atrof-muhit bilan bog'liq bo'lgan masalalar bo'yicha qarorlar qabul qilish jarayonida jamoatchilikning axborot olish imkoniyati, ishtiroki va odil sudlovga erishishish imkoniyati to'g'risidagi Orxus konvensiyasiga qo'shilish masalasi ko'rib chiqildi.

Ma'muriy javobgarlik to'g'risidagi kodeksga qurilish maydonlarida atmosfera havosini muhofaza qilish talablariga rioya qilmaslik bo'yicha modda kiritish maqsadga muvofiqligi aytildi. Shuningdek, daraxtlarni kesish va qasddan quritish, daryo o'zanlaridan noqonuniy qum-shag'al qazib olish, chiqindilarni belgilanmagan joylarga tashlash kabilar uchun jarimalarni oshirish va qat'iylashtirish choralari ko'riladi.

Vazirlar Mahkamasining 2019-yil 27-maydagi qarori bilan respublikada ekologik markirovkalash tizimi joriy etilgan. Endi ISO 14024 xalqaro standartiga muvofiq, “Yashil belgi” nomi ostida mahsulot va xizmatlarni ixtiyoriy ekologik markirovkalash yo'lga qo'yiladi. 2 ming 336 ta xo'jalik yurituvchi subyektlarda avtomatik monitoring stansiyalari, chang-gaz tozalash uskunalari va suv tozalash inshootlarini o'rnatish bo'yicha tarmoq jadvallari tasdiqlanadi.

Ekologiya vazirligi huzurida jamoatchilik nazorati ostida boshqariladigan va yuridik shaxs maqomiga ega bo'lmagan “Yashil xayriya jamg'armasi” tashkil etiladi. Elektron xarid ilovalarida “Yashil to'lov” ixtiyoriy ustama turi ochiladi.

Sohadagi yana bir muammo yovvoyi hayvonlarni asrash bilan bog'liq. Ularni xonadonlarda boqish huquqiy jihatdan tartibga solinmagan. Shu bois endi yovvoyi hayvonlarni uy sharoitida, sirk va shapitolarda saqlash hamda tomoshalarda foydalanish taqiqlanadi. Jismoniy shaxslar ixtiyoridagi hamda sirklarda saqlanuvchi bunday jonzotlar hayvonot bog'laridagi reabilitatsiya markazlariga, okeanariumlar, pitomnik va ilmiy-tadqiqot muassasalariga topshirilishi belgilanmoqda.

Taqdimotda tibbiy turizmni rivojlantirish chora-tadbirlari ham muhokama qilindi.

Shu maqsadda O'zbekiston bu yo'nalishda Markaziy Osiyoning “chorlovchi nuqtasi” sifatida targ'ib qilinadi. “Tibbiy xizmatlar mehmondo'stligi” dasturi amalga oshiriladi. Tibbiy va sog'lomlashtirish muassasalari faoliyati rag'batlantirilib, ularning yagona reyestri ishga tushiriladi. Mehmonxonalar kabi yulduzli sanatoriylar faoliyati yo'lga qo'yiladi.

Davlatimiz rahbari bular bo'yicha hujjat loyihalarini puxta ishlab chiqish va ijrosini samarali tashkil etish bo'yicha ko'rsatmalar berdi.

On August 13, President Shavkat Mirziyoyev familiarized himself with a presentation on measures to develop artificial intelligence technologies and IT startups.

Information technologies are developing rapidly in our country and are being introduced into all spheres. As a result, the volume of digital services exceeded 21 trillion soums only in the past period of this year, and by the end of the year it is expected to reach 43 trillion soums. Export of services of the sphere amounted to 367 million dollars. The number of IT park residents increased by 577 and exceeded 2 thousand. The number of young people working in them reached 32 thousand.

This year, more than 100 digitalization projects are being implemented in health care, energy, transport, education, agriculture, water management, construction and others.

Times are changing rapidly. Artificial intelligence and digital technologies are penetrating into all spheres. A number of projects have also been launched in this direction in our country.

For example, “My ID” and “UzFace” solutions have been implemented in more than 70 organizations, banks, marketplaces and payment systems, and the possibility of remote biometric identification of 10 million users has been created. “Uzbekcosmos” with the help of artificial intelligence identified about 43 thousand cases of illegal use of subsoil and unauthorized construction.

The presentation considered measures to develop artificial intelligence technologies in such areas as health care, agriculture, banking, tax, customs.

It was noted that first of all it is necessary to create a legislative base for artificial intelligence. The task was set to develop a strategy for the introduction of artificial intelligence and a two-year program of projects. The Center for Artificial Intelligence Technologies was assigned to be created.

In particular, the need to expand the application of artificial intelligence in banking and finance, training of specialized personnel and professional development of employees was emphasized.

At present, the personnel on artificial intelligence is trained in 4 universities. There is a need for 600 specialists in big data processing and language models. This number will increase many times in the coming years. Taking this into account, the importance of training specialists corresponding to the needs in terms of industries was emphasized.

All leading IT companies of the world started their activities from a startup. We are also taking the first steps in this direction. Last year, the volume of venture investments attracted in such projects amounted to 134 million dollars.

The head of state emphasized that it is time to create broad conditions for venture investments to finance startup projects. In this regard, instructions have been given to develop the startup ecosystem and introduce venture capital financing mechanisms.

The text of the article is in Uzbek!

In the modern world, freedom of speech and information is a key element of a democratic society.

Uzbekistan is actively moving towards strengthening the constitutional rights of citizens in this important area, striving to create favorable conditions for the free exchange of information and development of the information society.

The country remains firmly committed to further improving the system of ensuring human rights, freedoms and legitimate interests. The efforts made by the country's leadership in this direction are holistic, sustainable and irreversible.

The following key aspects of state policy in areas of obtaining and disseminating information:

Firstly, creating conditions for free expression of opinions, independent and safe work of the media. Freedom of speech and press are fundamental principles of a democratic society. Uzbekistan strives to ensure pluralism of opinions and prevent any form of censorship, which contributes to the development of an open and informed society.

For this purpose, the necessary legal frameworks have been formed and are being improved in accordance with international standards and recommendations. To date, the country has adopted more than 10 relevant laws, among them - “On guarantees and freedom of access to information”, “On the openness of the activities of public authorities and management”, “On the media”, “On the principles and guarantees of freedom of information” , “On the protection of the professional activities of a journalist”, “On informatization”, etc.

Under Uzbek legislation, journalists are guaranteed personal inviolability in the performance of their professional duties and may not be prosecuted for publishing critical material.

In addition, to further liberalise media activities and ensure the rights of journalists, in 2018, the legislation clarified the legal status of journalists and guarantees of freedom of journalistic activity, as well as the procedure for accreditation of foreign media representatives in the country in accordance with modern requirements.

Mechanisms have also been established for government support of the mass media (provision of privileges on taxes, other compulsory payments and tariffs, preferences, provision of government subsidies, grants and social orders, as well as social support for editorial staff).

The consistent expansion of conditions and opportunities for media outlets is also reflected in their quantitative characteristics. From 2016 to date, their total number has increased by 49 per cent, reaching 2,200. At the same time, the total share of non-state media in the country is over 60%. Alongside traditional media, online publications are also developing rapidly, the number of which has reached 716, and their audience is steadily growing.

It is important to note that in 2023, a number of issues of ensuring freedom of information were enshrined at the level of the country’s Basic Law. Thus, the new version of the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan, adopted at a national referendum, outlines guarantees for the state to ensure free activity of the media, as well as responsibility for interference in the work of the media.

Another main difference of the new version of the Constitution in terms of freedom of information is the specification of the legal conditions under which restrictions on the search, receipt, use and dissemination of information can be introduced.

Similar provisions were identified in the Basic Law earlier, but were not detailed, which could lead to ambiguous interpretation and be used to unjustifiably restrict the rights of citizens.

The 2023 amendments establish that restrictions can only be imposed on certain grounds and only to the extent necessary. This represents a significant step forward in ensuring that restrictions on the right to seek, receive and disseminate information are transparent, legal and proportionate. These measures help strengthen the rule of law, protect the rights and freedoms of citizens and increase public confidence in government institutions.

A new provision has also been introduced into the country's Constitution guaranteeing free access to the Internet. Thus, the state at the constitutional level confirms its obligations to create all the necessary conditions for this, including in the context of supporting the processes of active digital transformation of the country and expanding the range of online services provided to the population.

Secondly, ensuring unhindered and equal access to information, including strengthening the accountability of government bodies to society. This includes expanding access to data on the work of government agencies and socially significant information in general. Availability of information allows citizens to be better informed, make informed decisions and actively participate in public life.

Openness and transparency in the activities of government agencies remain one of the key indicators of the effectiveness of the system of public control, ensuring continuous dialogue between the state and citizens, minimizing bureaucracy and combating corruption. It is the full implementation of this aspect that will reflect the principle laid down by the Head of State: “It is not the people who serve the state bodies, but the state bodies should serve the people”.

The work carried out by the Republic of Uzbekistan in this regard is becoming increasingly systematic. Thus, in addition to the current Law on Openness in the Activities of State Authorities and Government Bodies, a number of normative acts have been adopted since 2018 and up to the present time aimed at radically improving the work of the press services of State bodies and raising the status of press secretaries to the level of deputy head of department.

Increased requirements were set for the heads and employees of information services of state bodies, including timely and comprehensive coverage of key events and decisions within the work of their departments, as well as prompt response to requests from journalists and the public.

At present, the combined staff of the press services of ministries and departments includes 778 press secretaries and more than 500 employees.

In addition, the Agency of Information and Mass Communications, together with the press secretaries of government agencies, has created a mechanism for promptly responding to citizens' appeals, as well as critical and widely discussed news items in the media. As part of this work, more than 10,000 responses and expert opinions on the identified materials were published in the media, social networks and messengers.

The new version of the Constitution also obliges public bodies to act in a transparent and open manner. This means that all significant decisions and actions of public institutions must be publicly justified and documented. Authorities are obliged to publish regular reports on their activities and inform the public about important initiatives and programmes.

In 2021, in accordance with the Presidential decree, the possibilities of public control over the activities of government agencies were expanded. A list of socially significant information to be published as open data was approved, government bodies and organizations developing data, as well as the procedure for their publication were clearly defined.

The practice of determining indicators of openness and assessing it based on advanced international standards has been successfully introduced. The corresponding national Openness Indexes were published for 2022 and 2023.

At the same time, in 2022, liability was established for violating the legislation on the openness of the activities of public authorities and management, including for non-disclosure of socially significant information, failure to comply with the deadline and procedure for publication, or falsification of information.

Thirdly, protecting the rights of citizens to privacy and personal data. In the era of digital technology and big data, government policy is aimed at ensuring the security of citizens' personal information and preventing its misuse. This includes the development and implementation of legal regulations and technical solutions to protect personal data.

These issues are regulated by the relevant Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On Personal Data” dated July 2, 2019. In particular, it regulates the need to ensure the collection, systematization and storage of personal data of citizens of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the country in order to suppress the risks and threats of their leakage and misuse.

At the same time, it should be noted that the new version of the Constitution also enshrines the right to protection of personal data as a personal right of the individual. Consequently, their processing is allowed only with the consent of the individual. From now on, the Basic Law creates a direct possibility for citizens to demand correction of inaccurate data and destruction of data collected illegally or no longer having legal grounds, i.e. to realise the established international practice of the so-called ‘right to be forgotten’.

Such amendments are designed to promote the protection of privacy, increase trust in data processing systems, reduce risks and abuse, develop the digital economy and comply with international standards. Together, these measures create the conditions for a more transparent, secure and sustainable society in the digital age.

At the same time, the development of the population's information literacy remains an important factor in the formation of an effective and self-regulated national media environment against the background of various global challenges. The need to meet the needs of citizens for quality content and improve critical thinking skills has been repeatedly emphasised by the President of Uzbekistan.

The relevance of this task is confirmed by the fact that disinformation is recognised as one of the main short-term global threats, according to an expert report by the World Economic Forum. In addition, a long-term study of media consumption in Central Asia, conducted by the United States Agency for International Development and the non-governmental organisation Internews, shows an increase in the share of citizens in Uzbekistan who lack basic skills in working with information on the Internet (from 3% in 2021 to 25% in 2023).

Uzbekistan continue the country's course of strengthening openness and to develop fruitful and constructive international co-operation in the area of freedom of speech and the press with a view to turning the media into a real ‘fourth estate’. This will certainly create the necessary conditions for the creation of an informed, safe and progressive society ready to meet the challenges and opportunities of the digital age.

           Aziz Yengalychev,

  Chief Researcher at the Institute for Strategic and Regional studies under the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan

President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev on December 13 took part in a solemn ceremony dedicated to the launch of new energy capacities and the beginning of construction of a number of facilities.

These projects are part of a large-scale work aimed at strengthening the potential of the country's energy system. Last December, five solar and one wind power plants were put into operation. Many new projects were launched during the Head of State's visits to the regions.

Today, 24 projects worth more than $7 billion have been launched. In particular, in Bukhara, Navoi, Namangan and Tashkent regions, 5 solar and wind power plants with a total capacity of about 2.3 thousand megawatts, as well as 5 high-voltage substations have been connected to the network.

For the first time in Uzbekistan, an energy storage system with a capacity of 300 megawatts was created in Andijan and Fergana. A 400 megawatt power plant was put into operation in Kashkadarya, and a modern cogeneration plant was put into operation in Tashkent, and in Andijan, Surkhandarya and Tashkent regions - four small hydroelectric power plants.

In addition, construction of 6 energy facilities with a total capacity of 2.5 gigawatts has started in Fergana, Samarkand, Navoi, Tashkent regions and Tashkent city.

These new projects will generate an additional 9.5 billion kilowatt hours of electricity, save 2.5 billion cubic meters of natural gas and prevent the emission of 4.6 million tons of harmful gases in the coming years.

Most importantly, over 4 million households will be provided with uninterrupted and clean energy. 

This will also set the stage for $4 billion worth of value creation in other sectors of the economy.

In total, in 2025, our country will produce 84 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity, which is 25 billion kilowatt hours or 1.5 times more compared to 2016.

Speaking at the ceremony, President Shavkat Mirziyoyev emphasized that all these projects are implemented through foreign direct investment. Gratitude was expressed to companies from the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Türkiye, China and Germany, as well as international institutions such as the Asian Development Bank, the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, the Islamic Development Bank, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the World Bank for their fruitful cooperation.

Thanks to the open access of the private sector, Uzbekistan's energy sector has attracted about $20 billion of foreign direct investment over the past five years. 

Twenty-four independent energy producers have started to operate in the sector, where previously only the state was present.

In particular, large solar and wind power plants with a total capacity of 3,500 megawatts, equivalent to 10 billion kilowatt-hours, were launched in the green energy sector. This increased the share of “green energy” in the energy system to 16 percent.

As is known, last year the country's GDP reached the historic figure of $100 billion for the first time. By 2030, Uzbekistan's economy should grow to $200 billion.

This will increase the demand for electricity by 1.5 times over the next five years. In addition, under the Paris Agreement, it is planned to reduce harmful gas emissions by 35 percent by 2030.

The President outlined the priority areas of work in the energy sector.

First, 19 thousand megawatts of additional “green capacity” will be built by 2030, and the share of renewable energy will be increased to 54 percent. Already by 2025, 18 solar and wind power plants with a capacity of 3.4 thousand megawatts and energy storage systems with a capacity of 1.8 thousand megawatts are planned. This will increase green energy production to 12 billion kilowatt-hours next year. Also within two years, a large-scale project will be implemented in cooperation with private partners to create more than 2,000 small and micro-hydroelectric power plants.

Second, liberalization of the electricity market will continue. By the end of next year, it is planned to create a competitive wholesale electricity market. Public-private partnership will be introduced in the sphere of energy distribution, and $4 billion of investments will be attracted for the modernization of networks. The first project of transferring the management of regional power grids to the private sector has been developed in Samarkand region, and an international tender has been announced.

Third, the expansion of international cooperation in the field of “green energy”. Within COP-29, agreements were signed with Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan and Saudi Arabia on joint export of “green energy” to Europe. Jointly with neighboring countries a single platform has been launched to ensure the stability of the regional energy system.

Fourth, development of “green energy” as a new driver for other sectors of the economy and improvement of living standards of the population. 

Solar panels with a total capacity of 1,000 megawatts have already been installed, which makes it possible to produce 1.5 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity annually. Support for “green” initiatives will continue with the introduction of dual education for the training of specialists.

- Today's event opens a new page in the history of our country's energy sector. These projects will not only ensure economic growth, but also will create an environmentally friendly and sustainable future for our descendants - said Shavkat Mirziyoyev.

The ceremony was addressed by Minister of Energy and Infrastructure of the United Arab Emirates Suhail Mohamed Al Mazrouei, Minister of Energy and Natural Resources of Türkiye Alparslan Bayraktar and Minister of Energy of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Prince Abdulaziz bin Salman Al Saud.

By pressing a symbolic switch, President Shavkat Mirziyoyev launched the operation of 18 energy facilities and construction of 6 new projects.

On February 21, under the chairmanship of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces Shavkat Mirziyoyev a meeting was held on strengthening military security and defense capacity of the state.

The meeting was attended by members of the Security Council, heads of ministries and departments within the Armed Forces of Uzbekistan, commanders of military districts, as well as the chairmen of the Jokargy Kenges and the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, regional and Tashkent city khokims, as well as responsible persons of local authorities in the videoconference format.

At the beginning of the meeting, the adopted measures on strengthening the country's defense capacity and their results were reviewed, certain shortcomings in this work were pointed out.

It was noted that the national army is being equipped with modern weapons and equipment, the level of combat and moral-psychological training of servicemen has significantly increased. 

In view of international experience and the analyses carried out, new combat units have been formed to prevent and eliminate internal and external threats, and the organizational structure of the troops has been optimized.

It was underlined that the creation of a new system of modernization and modern equipment of the army continues - the defense industry is developing and additional enterprises have been set up. The Armed Forces of Uzbekistan have established bilateral military cooperation with more than 20 countries and successfully participated in more than 400 joint exercises.

The infrastructure of higher military schools within the Armed Forces has been completely modernized, their curricula and methodology brought in line with modern requirements. 

The social and legal protection of servicemen and their families has been strengthened. In particular, about 30,000 families have been provided with housing, and more than 2,000 children of servicemen have received benefits when enrolling in higher educational institutions. 

Military administrative sectors, government and public organizations are involved in creating favourable conditions for homeland defenders. Attention to the issues of educating young people in the spirit of patriotism and initial pre-conscription military training in schools is being intensified.

The meeting identified priority tasks for 2025 and subsequent years. 

The need to consider contemporary armed conflicts, existing threats to national security and the peculiarities of the theater of military operations when planning for the further development of the army was emphasized. 

It has been indicated that artificial intelligence, robotic systems, missiles, drones and means of countering them are widely used in today's regional conflicts. In this connection, it has been instructed to create new units in the armed forces to combat drones, use robotic equipment, air defense, and cyber structures utilizing artificial intelligence technologies.

The Supreme Commander-in-Chief emphasized the need to further improve the combat readiness of the army, raise the level of combat training, create a unified automated troop management system using artificial intelligence technologies, as well as introduce dual training in military education and training of military personnel. 

Priority tasks have been set to improve the activities of the “Corps of Master Sergeants”, which is the backbone of the army, further develop the defense industry, provide social support to servicemen and their families, educate young people in the spirit of patriotism and involve them in military sports.

Reports and proposals by the Minister of Defense, commanders of military districts and other responsible persons were heard at the meeting.

Annotation. The Ferghana Valley is the historical heart of Central Asia, where a new model of regional cooperation based on trust, good neighbourliness and sustainable development is currently taking shape. The initiative
of the President of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev to hold the Ferghana Peace Forum reflects a common desire among the countries of the region to strengthen mutual understanding and create the area of peace, stability, and shared prosperity.

INTRODUCTION

Historically, the Fergana Valley was a shared space where countries used common resources and people kept close ties. For centuries, the valley was
at the crossroads of key trade routes connecting the West and the East.

The establishment of an atmosphere of good neighbourliness
 in the Ferghana Valley reflects positive developments throughout Central Asia. Essentially, this is the result of political will, a concentrated expression
of the joint efforts of the leaders of all five countries to maintain security
and stability in the region.

Holding the Fergana Peace Forum in Fergana on October 15–16, 2025, confirms the statement made by the President of Uzbekistan at the 80th session of the UN General Assembly about the transformation of Central Asia into
an area of peace, friendly relations and partnership.

FROM A ZONE OF TENSION TO A SPACE OF TRUST

In the early years of independence, unresolved border issues and
the existence of numerous ethno-territorial enclaves served as grounds
for viewing the region as a conflict zone.

However, today, thanks to the political will and joint efforts of the leaders
of states, the Fergana Valley, previously perceived as a “powder keg,”
“Achilles' heel,” and “hot spot,” is becoming a symbol of peace, sustainable development, and a space of opportunity.

In recent years, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan have made significant progress in diplomacy and establishing stable political contacts.

The visits of the countries' leaders and their participation in regional forums and organizations such as the Shanghai Cooperation Organization
and the Consultative Meeting of the Heads of Central Asian States contribute
to the deepening of political and economic ties. The development of bilateral
and multilateral relations in the political sphere has helped to create a solid foundation for regional integration and mutual support.

Moreover, all five Central Asian countries contribute to the sustainable development of the Ferghana Valley. Joint water and energy projects are being implemented. In January 2023, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan signed
a “”Road Map” for the implementation of the Kambarata HPS-1 construction project, and in June 2024, an interdepartmental agreement on preparations
for the implementation of the project.

A new phase of regional diplomacy began in 2017 with the election
of Shavkat Mirziyoyev as the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Relations
with neighbouring countries reached a qualitatively new level. Dialogue based on the principles of openness, respect, and equality laid the foundation
for long-term friendly coexistence.

Thanks to the political will of the leaders of the three states—Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan—historic agreements were reached in 2025
with the signing of the Treaty on the Junction Point of the State Borders
of  Three States and the Khujand Declaration on Eternal Friendship.
These documents became a symbol of a new era of trust and creative partnership. The treaty legally established the borders of the three states
at a concrete point in the Ferghana Valley.

This breakthrough did not come unexpectedly, without preparatory work. In the preceding months, on March 13, 2025, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan signed an important agreement on the demarcation of their common border—the final stage of their long negotiations.

Kyrgyz President Sadyr Zhaparov noted that regional integration continues to develop actively, and the strengthening of cooperation
in all spheres will be the key to sustainable development and prosperity throughout Central Asia.

In turn, Tajikistan President Emomali Rahmon called the development
of relations between the three countries based on the principles of good neighborliness, equality, and mutual respect one of the priorities of Tajikistan's foreign policy.

The international community particularly highlights the indispensable role of Uzbekistan's President Shavkat Mirziyoyev, who initiated a new diplomatic line: "Borders should not divide, but unite our peoples."

This approach creates a model for peaceful transformation, where internal rather than external factors shape the architecture of trust, friendship, and good neighbourliness.

The formation of the area of stability and cooperation in Ferghana Valley was achieved without external involvement, solely through the strong political will of the leaders of the three states, combined with the desire of the peoples
of the region for peaceful coexistence, creating a solid foundation for lasting peace and prosperity.

Ferghana Valley – an “exemplary model” for building inter-state relations in other regions

The Ferghana Valley is one of Central Asia's unique oases – a place where the destinies of the peoples of Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan have intertwined. More than 17 million people live here, accounting for 20%
of the total population of Central Asia, which is around 83 million.

Today, the valley is gradually becoming a symbol of the new Central Asia – a region where borders are not barriers, but bridges of interaction.
The development of transport, trade, and humanitarian ties between Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan paves the way for the formation of a single space
for interaction in the name of common prosperity.

Joint infrastructure and economic projects, the restoration of roads
and railways, the development of border logistics hubs, and the modernization of checkpoints are creating conditions for the free movement of people, goods, and ideas.

Communications between the Ferghana Valley and the outside world are actively developing. Today, it is being integrated into international multimodal transport corridors and is gradually regaining its status as an interregional transit hub connecting East and West.

In this regard, the China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan railway project is of great importance. If implemented, it will have a multiplier effect on the economies
of all countries in the region.

The railway will provide access to the ports of the Persian Gulf
and the Pacific Ocean, open up new markets, thereby diversifying the economy and creating new jobs.

Visa regimes are being simplified and the throughput capacity at border crossing points is being improved, which will encourage more mutual travel
by citizens.

Uzbekistan maintains a visa-free regime with all Central Asian countries except Turkmenistan. In particular, there are currently 17 border crossing points between Uzbekistan and Tajikistan and 25 between Uzbekistan
and Kyrgyzstan. In 2016, there were only 13 between Uzbekistan
and Kyrgyzstan, and all of them operated with restrictions. For example, currently, up to 20,000 people pass through the Dustlik checkpoint
on the Uzbek-Kyrgyz border every day, which is 100 times more than in 2016.
At the same time, the number of vehicles passing through has increased tenfold, reaching 700 per day.

The Mingtepa and Khanabad border checkpoints were opened in 2023, and the Uchkurgan and Karasu checkpoints in 2024. These points had been closed since 2009-2010.

Today, citizens of Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan can travel to each other's countries for up to 30 days without registration. A visa-free regime
for up to 60 days has been established between Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan,
and since September 1, 2023, it has been possible to use ID cards
(instead of foreign passports) for mutual travel between the two countries.

The time required for goods and people to cross the border has been reduced to an unprecedented eight minutes. In turn, citizens of Tajikistan
and Uzbekistan can stay in each other's territory for up to 30 days
without a visa. This, in turn, contributes to the intensification of cooperation
and improved mutual understanding between the peoples of the Fergana Valley.

On the whole, a common space is forming in the Ferghana Valley, as it has throughout history. The restoration of the valley's interconnectedness contributes to the stability and sustainable development of the entire region.

The international community's keen interest in these processes confirms that Central Asia is becoming an important center for the formation of a culture of peace. The initiatives put forward by Uzbekistan have received support
from the UN, OSCE, EU, and other international partners, which strengthens
the legitimacy and sustainability of regional efforts.

The Ferghana Peace Forum has a special place in this process—it's not just a diplomatic meeting, but a platform for developing a new philosophy
of regional cooperation. This forum brings together political leaders, experts, and public figures, offering an open dialogue on strengthening peace, trust,
and sustainable development in Central Asia.

 The event will enable the countries of the region to independently shape their own architecture of stability and sustainable development, based
on mutual respect and the desire for a better future for new generations.

CONCLUSION

The Ferghana Valley is gradually transforming into a space of peace
and harmony, where peoples find common ground and jointly strengthen
the region's stability.

The establishment of the atmosphere of friendship and
amicable relations in the Ferghana Valley shows that, even in today's turbulent global environment, ensuring stability in the region is an achievable goal. 

This process requires patience, wisdom, and willingness to make reasonable compromises. Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan have demonstrated these qualities and their ability, despite complex challenges,
to unite for common goals such as strengthening security and sustainable development.

In turn, the Fergana Peace Forum is called to become a permanent platform aimed at strengthening dialogue and trust, ensuring sustainable development of the Ferghana Valley, unlocking economic potential,
and strengthening cultural and humanitarian ties. This meeting reflects the unity of the countries in the region, which are determined to build a common future together.

Authors: Diloram Mukhsinova and Bekhzod Alimjanov,

senior researchers at the Center for Foreign Policy Studies

(Uzbekistan)

In the 21st century, "green" development has become not just a trend, but an unavoidable path for all of humanity. In the face of rapid climate change, intensifying water resource scarcity, and loss of biodiversity, sustainable development has become a priority for every nation. The President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Sh.M. Mirziyoyev, speaking at international, regional, and national forums, consistently promotes the agenda of sustainable "green" development as the key to the prosperity of future generations.

The recently published book "The Path of 'Green' Development for New Uzbekistan" presents 310 quotes and 54 initiatives by Sh. Mirziyoyev, proposed during the period of 2017-2025, addressing climate change mitigation, rational use of water and natural resources, biodiversity conservation, and transition to a "green" economy.

Structurally, the book is divided into three chapters: "'Green' Development - the Path Chosen by Humanity," "Central Asia - The Course Towards 'Green' Development and the Future," and "New Uzbekistan on the Path of Sustainable Development."

Green development: the path humanity has chosen

 In the context of the global climate crisis, depletion of natural resources, and deterioration of environmental quality, an increasing number of countries are transitioning to a sustainable development model. Within this concept, a "green" economy is replacing raw material-industrial models centered on extraction, exploitation, and disregard for environmental risks.

The leader of Uzbekistan has repeatedly emphasized that for Central Asian countries, "green" development should become the foundation for a new stage of modernization: ..."only by efficiently utilizing limited land and water resources, addressing environmental issues, and embarking on the path of 'green' development, 'green' economy, and 'green' energy can we ensure sustainable development of the country and the well-being of its population. This is the only correct path." This quote reflects a fundamental shift in state policy: from narrow economic thinking to a strategic approach that focuses not only on profit and growth but also on environmental preservation, ecosystem sustainability, and public health. This is precisely why Sh. Mirziyoyev advocates the idea that the green course is not a fashionable trend, but a long-term necessity. Supporting the transition to green energy sources, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, strengthening environmental legislation, and educating the public are all part of a systemic green reform.

The President consistently emphasizes that responsibility for the future lies not only with developed countries but also with emerging economies. In this context, he declared at the UN General Assembly (2023): "At this pivotal historical moment, we all must reflect on what kind of planet we will leave for future generations." This appeal aims to mobilize the global community, but primarily reflects Uzbekistan's internal transformation - a course towards sustainability, resource conservation, and climate justice. In this regard, we present the following scientifically grounded proposals of the President.

Firstly, "climate change has become one of the main challenges for sustainable development in Central Asia," declared the President of Uzbekistan at the COP28 summit in Dubai. He emphasized that "the transition to a 'green' economy and achieving carbon neutrality are strategic objectives of New Uzbekistan."

Secondly, "Climate change has become one of the main challenges to sustainable development. This is especially acute in Central Asia and adjacent regions against the backdrop of the Aral Sea tragedy - one of the most devastating ecological crises of our time."

Thirdly, "the rise in air temperature in Central Asia is twice the global average, the number of extremely hot days has doubled, and a third of glacier masses have melted."

Fourthly, "soil degradation, regular dust and sand storms, drinking water shortages, air pollution, biodiversity loss, sharp decline in crop yields, and many other factors are negatively impacting the quality of life of millions of residents in the region."

Fifthly, the President also called for "swift agreement on the Global Framework for Climate Change Adaptation within the Paris Agreement." He also addressed the topic of global transition to a low-carbon economy. According to him, this process "must be fair, transparent, and inclusive" and "must necessarily take into account the interests of developing countries."

Sixthly, to transform the Aral Sea region into a Zone of Innovation, Technology, and New Opportunities, the head of Uzbekistan invited everyone to close cooperation "in creating an International Climate Technology Expo Hub in this region." Additionally, the President proposed to "establish scientific exchange and conduct joint research on the platform of the Climate Science Forum," which is being created on the basis of Green University in Tashkent, involving scientists and experts from foreign countries.

Central Asia: Charting a Course Towards "Green" Development and Future

 Global climate change is one of the most serious problems of our time, affecting all countries worldwide and becoming a significant obstacle to sustainable "green" development. The observed warming is causing extreme natural phenomena across the globe, such as droughts, hurricanes, scorching heat, fires, torrential rains, and floods.

Uzbekistan and other Central Asian states are among the countries most vulnerable to environmental disasters. Against the backdrop of a general increase in climate threats, Central Asia is developing its own regional response to the challenges of global warming and environmental degradation. The initiatives of the President of Uzbekistan on international platforms demonstrate that green transformation is not just a national priority, but also an interstate one.

Speaking at the 78th session of the UN General Assembly (2023), the President emphasized: "Today, the world is facing a severe ecological situation. The triple planetary crisis, caused by climate change, loss of biodiversity, and environmental pollution, is intensifying.

Under these challenging conditions, Central Asia, which continues to grapple with the tragedy of the Aral Sea, is becoming one of the regions most vulnerable to climate change."

This quote indicates the need for regional integration in the field of environmental safety. The President emphasizes the importance of joint actions in the management of natural resources, in particular transboundary waters. He initiated the development of a Regional Strategy to combat desertification and land degradation, emphasizing that sustainable agriculture and biodiversity conservation are only possible through coordinated efforts.

As part of this initiative, the following proposals were put forward:

First proposal: establishment of a Regional Center for Climate Technologies;

Second proposal: creation of a unified "green" energy space;

Third proposal: joint projects for reforestation and combating desertification, particularly in the dried-up seabed of the Aral Sea;

Fourth proposal: development of transboundary water diplomacy based on the principles of the Helsinki Convention.

In recent years, at Uzbekistan's initiative, the UN General Assembly has adopted more than ten special resolutions. Many of these directly address environmental issues in Central Asia and reflect Uzbekistan's active role in regional environmental diplomacy.

It is particularly noteworthy that all international initiatives and efforts of Uzbekistan's leader in this field are rooted in our national values, passed down from our ancestors over millennia. It should be emphasized that the environmental initiatives presented by the head of state at global forums receive widespread support from the international community and make a tangible contribution to ensuring sustainable "green" development at the global level.

For instance, one of Uzbekistan's landmark achievements was the adoption of a Special Resolution by the UN General Assembly in 2021, declaring the Aral Sea region a zone of environmental innovations and technologies. This marks the first time the UN General Assembly has granted such a high status to a region. This is because, due to the drying up of the Aral Sea, the Aral Sea region has become the epicenter of a global ecological disaster, a territory with an elevated risk to human health and ecosystem instability.

Water resource management issues in the region also remain within the focus of the President of Uzbekistan. "Effective water resource management with neighboring countries is key to sustainable development not only for Uzbekistan but for our entire region." This statement is particularly relevant for Central Asia, where water is becoming an increasingly scarce and politically sensitive resource. The leader of Uzbekistan advocates for the establishment of sustainable mechanisms for the distribution and joint management of water flows, which should reduce tensions and ensure harmonious development.

At the SCO summit in Bishkek (June 14, 2019), Shavkat Mirziyoyev proposed adopting the SCO "Green Belt" program to introduce resource-saving and environmentally friendly technologies in the organization's member countries. At the 14th ECO Summit (March 4, 2021), the Head of Uzbekistan put forward an initiative to develop and approve a medium-term strategy aimed at ensuring energy sustainability and broadly attracting investments and modern technologies to this sector.

At the Third Consultative Meeting of Central Asian Heads of State, held on August 6, 2021, in Turkmenistan, the President of Uzbekistan advocated for the development of a regional "Green Agenda" program for Central Asia. This program aims to facilitate the adaptation of countries in the region to climate change. The main focus areas of the program could include gradual decarbonization of the economy, rational use of water resources, integration of energy-efficient technologies into the economy, and increasing the share of renewable energy production.

Overall, against the backdrop of the increasing prominence of the international climate agenda, Uzbekistan's ongoing systemic environmental policy in the field of environmental protection aims to further improve the ecological situation in the Central Asian region.

Uzbekistan's New Path Towards Sustainable Development

 Today, Uzbekistan is actively integrating the principles of "green" transformation into its development strategies, laying the foundation for long-term sustainable growth. This is not merely a response to global challenges, but also an aspiration to enhance the quality of life for our citizens, generate new employment opportunities, and foster the country's sustainable "green" development. At present, "green" development in Uzbekistan has been elevated to the status of a nationwide movement. The primary objective of New Uzbekistan's transition to a "green" course is to safeguard human dignity, improve the population's well-being, and protect the fundamental rights of its citizens.

For Uzbekistan, the transition to "green" development is not an abstract concept or something far removed from reality. This notion has become an integral part of our country's constitutional course, encompassing all sectors of the economy and public life.

President Sh. Mirziyoyev emphasizes: "It is of great importance to accelerate the transition to an economy based on the careful management of water, energy, and other natural resources.

The task of developing 'green' and digital technologies, as well as production enterprises, is also crucial for us."

This is not merely a scientific and philosophical statement, but a guiding principle of state environmental policy. Under this slogan, various programs are being developed:

• increasing the share of renewable energy (target - at least 30% by 2030);
• reducing water losses in the agricultural sector through the use of digital systems and precision farming;
• improving energy efficiency of residential and industrial buildings;
• creating "smart" and "green" cities, including within the framework of the "Tashkent - Green Capital" project.

One example is the construction of solar and wind power plants in Navoi, Bukhara, and Samarkand regions. These projects are being implemented with the participation of major foreign investors (Masdar, ACWA Power) and are creating new jobs while reducing the burden on hydrocarbon resources.

Sh.Mirziyoyev also emphasizes the need to cultivate new ecological thinking in young people: "Understanding nature, environmental education and upbringing, forming environmental awareness and ecological culture among the population, especially among youth, which promote kindness, compassion, and mercy, are among the important tasks that must be accomplished to preserve the environment."

In this context, special attention is paid to environmental education, promoting sustainable practices, and supporting startups in the field of eco-technologies and green innovations. The creation of a national environmental performance rating for regions and institutions has become a tool for stimulating sustainable change.

Thus, Uzbekistan is becoming an example of a systematic approach to sustainable "green" development, combining environmental goals with economic growth and social justice. The principles of the "green" economy are increasingly being integrated into national planning, making Uzbekistan not only a participant but also an active driver of the international green agenda.

Conclusions: Prospects for the Future

 First conclusion. The approach being implemented in New Uzbekistan under the leadership of President Shavkat Mirziyoyev exemplifies the synergy of political will, scientific knowledge, national policy, and international cooperation. "Green" development is not a trend or a temporary solution. It is a strategic choice, a path chosen by humanity, and Uzbekistan demonstrates how this path can be realized in the face of global challenges.

Second conclusion. The initiatives and statements of Uzbekistan's leader demonstrate that green development for Uzbekistan is not a temporary agenda, but a strategic vector for a promising future. The framework of an environmentally responsible state is being systematically formed: with new laws, institutions, technologies, and public awareness.

Third conclusion. A distinctive feature of the Uzbek approach is its comprehensiveness: from global leadership in climate diplomacy to the practical transformation of energy, land use, and water management. Sh. Mirziyoyev not only articulates the principles of sustainable development but also ensures their institutional establishment, investment, and public support.

Fourth conclusion. Thus, the path to a "green" future, proposed and implemented by New Uzbekistan, can serve as a model for countries facing similar challenges and opportunities. This is a path where economic progress goes hand in hand with care for the planet, where political will translates into concrete actions, and sustainability becomes a new norm for human development.

Президент Шавкат Мирзиёев начал свою поездку в Республику Каракалпакстан с ознакомления с промышленным потенциалом региона.

Совместное предприятие “Nukus Eleсtroapparat” было введено в строй в 2017 году, оно производит силовое оборудование для электросетей. В июне текущего года здесь был запущен проект по изготовлению солнечных панелей стоимостью более 10 миллионов долларов. Оборудование было доставлено и установлено из Республики Корея. Производственный процесс полностью автоматизирован. Годовая мощность проекта составляет 273 тысячи единиц.

Это будет способствовать дальнейшему внедрению альтернативной энергетики в нашей стране. На сегодняшний день в различных сооружениях и домах установлены солнечные панели общей мощностью 600 мегаватт. Этот процесс продолжается.

Наряду с локализацией востребованной на внутреннем рынке продукции совместное предприятие получило возможность экспортировать продукцию на 4 миллиона долларов. Обеспечено работой 70 человек.

Глава нашего государства ознакомился с технологическим процессом, побеседовал с работниками. Ответственным лицам даны указания по увеличению количества таких предприятий и производству ими продукции с высоким спросом на рынке.

Здесь же была представлена продукция, производимая предприятиями отрасли.

На самом заводе установлены солнечные панели мощностью 125 киловатт. Полученная электроэнергия используется для внутренних нужд, а излишки реализуются в региональную электросеть.

За последние годы в нашей стране за счет инвестиций в размере 2 миллиардов долларов введены в эксплуатацию 10 солнечных и ветряных станций общей мощностью 2,6 гигаватта. Также ведется работа по 32 "зеленым" проектам мощностью 18,6 гигаватта общей стоимостью 19 миллиардов долларов. В целом к 2030 году намечено довести долю возобновляемых источников энергии в энергетическом балансе до 40 процентов.