On June 20, President Shavkat Mirziyoyev chaired a video conference call on training engineering personnel and improving the performance of higher educational institutions.

In today's competitive world, our country, relying on domestic resources, is moving towards industrial development. Every year 3 thousand industrial enterprises are put into operation, about 150 thousand jobs are created.

This year, projects worth 21 trillion soums will be implemented within the framework of state investment programs. Also, projects with foreign and regional investments worth 37.5 billion dollars are planned for this year.

Accordingly, the state pays great attention to science, education and innovation. For example, over the past four years, 2.2 trillion soums have been allocated to 1,727 practical, innovative, fundamental and startup projects. Spending on research and development has doubled.

However, the results in this area and the number of highly qualified engineers are still insufficient. There is a gap between higher education institutions and industry.

That is why rectors of technical universities were also invited to the meeting.

The head of state first of all dwelt on the problems in this sphere.

The 36 state technical higher educational institutions annually graduate 67 thousand specialists. However, the programs and specialties in these universities do not meet the requirements of manufacturers. As a result, 60 percent of engineers do not work in their specialty.

Higher educational institutions are limited to fundamental research, and practical developments for the economy are very rare. Hundreds of startups and innovative projects in engineering fields remain on paper.

In foreign universities there are such specialties as "value engineering", "comparative engineering", "reverse engineering". In our technical universities, these areas are not developed. As a result, industries have to spend a lot of money on training their employees abroad or attract specialists from abroad.

Although the coverage of higher education has increased 5 times in the last seven years, the interest of young people in engineering and technical specialties is very low. Some equipment of universities and scientific laboratories is outdated. Many professors and teachers are disconnected from practice. Rectors do not visit enterprises, do not familiarize themselves with new technologies, do not study equipment and machines.

Over the last four years, the number of research contracts of universities has tripled. Revenues from them have increased 6 times. However, the implementation of the results of scientific developments into production is slow. Not everyone is equally successful in patenting their inventions.

The President presented new initiatives to develop this area.

Now training and research processes in technical areas will be completely changed based on the best practices. 36 universities and their branches will be gradually consolidated, leaving a total of 20 technical universities. They will completely switch to the dual system of education.

Specialties that are not in demand in the labor market will be reduced. Some departments will be merged. The functions of dean offices to serve students will be digitalized. Based on foreign experience, a "Registrar's Office" will be created.

Each university will establish cooperation with prestigious technical universities of developed partner countries such as Germany, Japan, China, Russia, Italy, Turkey, South Korea, Singapore.

Based on the chain "industry-enterprise-university", each university will be assigned an industrial partner.

All engineering universities will open departments at their partner enterprises and introduce dual education. At the same time, the enterprises will allocate funds to equip the departments, stimulate teachers and students. Student internships and graduate training will be fully organized at partner enterprises.

Thirty-two sectoral councils will be established in the system of ministries and enterprises. They will determine priority directions of scientific research in technical fields together with institutes and will be customers of these researches.

Also at the first stage, higher engineering schools will be opened in 10 universities. Two-year applied master's degree programs will be implemented in them, and candidates will be selected by order of manufacturers. Enterprises will financially support the establishment and equipping of laboratories in higher engineering schools. The state will also provide highly qualified engineers-technologists. If every minister, industry leader, rector, professor and teacher feels deep sense of responsibility and works hard, we will definitely achieve this," Shavkat Mirziyoyev said.

The status of pilot production enterprises of universities will be legislated. They will be granted privileges applicable to IT park residents. At least 60 percent of the employees of the subsidiaries will be doctoral candidates and students.

From next year, state grants for projects in technical areas will be increased fourfold. Partner organizations of universities will also be allowed to act as founders of enterprises.

Hokims of regions and heads of industries will be able to directly provide universities with orders for scientific and production projects up to 10 billion soums.

A system of allocating at least half a percent of the cost of investment projects for scientific activities will be introduced.

It has been determined to organize national contests "Best Idea", "Best Project" and "Best Invention" in engineering fields. Teachers, students and practicing engineers will be able to participate in them. The prize for the first place is an electric car.

Also 10 best participants, authors of ideas, projects and inventions will be sent for internship to such countries as Germany, Japan, China, Russia, Italy, Turkey, South Korea, Singapore.

The meeting continued in the format of an open dialog. Industry leaders, scientists, rectors and engineers expressed their opinions on the development of science and education in engineering.

It was assigned to draft a relevant decree based on the proposals.

- We need highly qualified engineers-technologists like air for the accelerated development of the economy. If every minister, industry leader, rector, professor and teacher feels deep sense of responsibility and works hard, we will definitely achieve this," Shavkat Mirziyoyev said.

TASHKENT — Uzbekistan has unveiled its updated Uzbekistan–2030 Strategy, marking a major step in the country’s journey toward national reform and development. Officials emphasise that implementing reform requires responsibility, consistency, institutional discipline, and public legitimacy. The government has revised the strategy following extensive public consultations, ensuring that citizens’ voices are reflected in the results-based policy framework. Aligned with international standards and designed to advance the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, the strategy positions Uzbekistan as an active participant in the global development agenda.

A defining feature of the strategy is its emphasis on measurable implementation. Authorities have established 100 goals to be assessed annually through 2030, each with designated institutions, mechanisms, and financing sources. This approach creates a governance model centred on accountability and transparency. International organisations and development partners will also be able to monitor progress, access reports, and contribute expertise — a move officials say will further enhance transparency and attract external support.

The first major priority of the strategy is to create opportunities for every person to realise their potential, with 44 goals linked to human development. These include targets for expanding access to education, healthcare, employment, and social protection. In education, the government aims to boost pre-school coverage to 80 per cent, achieve universal participation in school-preparation groups, and modernise schools with electronic boards and new-generation textbooks. Teachers’ salaries are set to double, and 500,000 education staff will receive ongoing professional development. Higher and vocational education goals include expanding access, improving graduate employability, and increasing the number of internationally accredited university programs to 200.

Officials have tied human capital development to advances in science and innovation. The strategy calls for raising spending on science to 1 per cent of GDP, increasing the number of research and innovation projects, and propelling Uzbekistan into the top 60 of the Global Innovation Index.

Healthcare reforms aim to increase average life expectancy to 78 years, with health expenditure projected to rise to 5 per cent of GDP. Priorities include reducing premature deaths from major diseases, improving maternal and child health, and expanding digital healthcare services. Broader social goals include increasing women’s representation in leadership and civil service, eliminating extreme poverty, reducing unemployment to 4 per cent, and training 2 million citizens in new skills and foreign languages.

Youth policy is another central pillar, with goals to offer free foreign language instruction to 7 million young people, train 3 million in modern professions using AI tools, and employ 300,000 in the IT sector. The strategy also seeks to boost participation in sports, culture, and the arts nationwide.

The second major priority is sustainable economic growth. The government has set targets to increase GDP from $145 billion to over $240 billion by 2030, and GDP per capita from $3,800 to $5,800. Other economic targets include keeping inflation at 5 per cent, public debt below 50 per cent of GDP, and the budget deficit under 3 per cent.

Plans for industry focus on diversification and value addition, with aims to boost high-tech output, raise car production to 1 million units (including 200,000 electric vehicles), create 1.8 million industrial jobs, and increase industrial value added to $60 billion. The government expects over 400 strategic projects worth $150 billion in foreign investment. Financial reforms will include bank privatisation, expanded credit, and the development of Islamic finance.

The strategy also emphasises the green economy. Officials want renewable energy to account for 54 per cent of total generation and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 35 per cent. Transport and logistics improvements will include expanding transit freight, repairing or building roads, and modernising airports. In agriculture, the focus is on boosting productivity and exports, with a target of $10 billion in agricultural exports.

Environmental protection and water saving are also key goals. Uzbekistan plans to improve water-use efficiency by 25 per cent, fully meter drinking water, and expand water-saving technology in agriculture. Other environmental targets include increasing urban greenery, expanding forested land, and creating new green spaces in the Aral Sea region and deserts. The government also aims to improve biodiversity, waste management, air quality, and climate resilience.

Strengthening the rule of law and public service is another core priority. The strategy aims to improve local governance, expand electronic public services, and reduce emergency response times. Legislative reforms will focus on increasing the number of directly applicable laws and reducing the regulatory burden. At the same time, additional measures will promote meritocracy, judicial reform, human rights, anti-corruption, and public oversight.

The strategy also calls for advancing a safe and peace-loving state by promoting an active foreign policy, regional cooperation, support for Uzbeks abroad, and better-managed labour migration. Targets include increasing the number of visa-free destinations for Uzbek citizens, boosting trade turnover with neighbours, expanding diplomatic representation abroad, and advancing WTO accession. Other goals include defence modernisation, disaster preparedness, and strengthening public trust and interethnic harmony.

A formal monitoring system will track implementation through a digital platform, using colour-coded performance categories to flag progress or delays. The Development Strategy Centre will play a key role in monitoring strategic indicators and recommending improvements.

The Uzbekistan–2030 Strategy stands out for combining ambition with a structured, results-oriented approach. Rather than isolated initiatives, the government is pursuing a coordinated, accountable, and long-term transformation agenda. The strategy is expected to guide Uzbekistan’s development and reform efforts well into the next decade.

By Eldor Tulyakov,

Executive Director, Development Strategy Centre

The text of the article is in Uzbek!

President of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev will pay a state visit to Georgia on July 2-3

Bilateral relations between Uzbekistan and Georgia are underpinned by profound, centuries-old historical ties, and are undergoing a systematic, dynamic evolution across the political, economic, cultural and humanitarian spectrums in the contemporary era.

Two nations are bound not only by ancient trade routes but also by a comprehensive cooperation firmly anchored in mutual respect, trust, and a profound alignment of strategic interests. In recent years, high-level exchanges, substantial expansion of trade and economic ties and intensification of cultural exchange have successfully elevated bilateral relations to a qualitatively new and historic milestone.

Diplomatic relations between Uzbekistan and Georgia were established on August 19, 1994. Since then, the political dialogue between the two sovereign states has consistently and progressively advanced. In September 1995, Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation was signed, serving as the foundational legal instrument underpinning bilateral relations.

In recent years, regular engagements between Heads of State and Government have substantially enhanced the foundation of bilateral political trust. In particular, between 2022 and 2025, a profound impetus was imparted to the expansion of comprehensive cooperation through reciprocal official visits by the Prime Ministers of both nations, high-level presidential dialogues, sessions of the Joint Intergovernmental Commission and institutionalized political consultations between the respective Ministries of Foreign Affairs.

On March 5^th, 2025, President of Uzbekistan received a high-level delegation led by the Prime Minister of Georgia, Irakli Kobakhidze, who arrived in our country on an official visit. During the meeting, the sides comprehensively reviewed matters pertaining to the further expansion of mutually beneficial cooperation across the trade, economic, investment, transport, logistics, tourism and cultural dimensions. It was noted with profound satisfaction that institutional contacts at the parliamentary and governmental levels of the two nations have intensified significantly.

Inter-parliamentary cooperation is likewise undergoing a consistent and progressive evolution. Concurrently, an inter-parliamentary cooperation group dedicated to fostering relations with the Parliament of Georgia functions actively within the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis. Furthermore, representatives of Georgia routinely participate as international observers in the presidential and parliamentary elections conducted within Uzbekistan.

A free trade regime operates between the two nations, serving as a catalyst for the sustained growth of reciprocal trade turnover. Over the past five years, the volume of bilateral trade has increased two and a half times, accompanied by a rise in the number of joint ventures and a substantial expansion in the volume of cargo transportation.

Furthermore, a digital bank established with the participation of Georgian investors is operating successfully within Uzbekistan.

Furthermore, in June 2025, “Made in Uzbekistan” National Exhibition was organized in Tbilisi, featuring the active participation of over one hundred premier Uzbek enterprises representing the textile, electrical engineering, pharmaceutical, food processing, mechanical engineering and other pivotal industrial sectors.

Matters of transit, transport, and logistical interaction occupy a distinctive place within the architecture of bilateral cooperation. In June of the current year, the official opening ceremony of the modernized Baku - Tbilisi - Kars railway was hosted in the city of Akhalkalaki. In the strategic perspective, the seamless integration of this transport corridor with the construction of the China - Kyrgyzstan - Uzbekistan railway will substantively reinforce the comprehensive transit potential of our respective nations.

Cultural cooperation between Uzbekistan and Georgia is likewise anchored in rich, enduring traditions. Cinema days, cultural festivals, as well as institutional events in the spheres of science and education, are organized on a regular basis.

In the preceding year, Days of Uzbek Culture and Cinema were successfully hosted in Tbilisi, while in the current year, Days of Georgian Culture were celebrated with grand success in Tashkent.

One of the enduring symbols of the profound bonds of friendship uniting the two sovereign states is a central avenue in the capital of Uzbekistan, which proudly bears the name of the eminent Georgian poet Shota Rustaveli, alongside a monument erected in his honor.

Concurrently, in 2025, by the decree of the Tbilisi City Assembly, a prominent central park in the capital of Georgia was officially named after the great Uzbek poet and thinker Alisher Navoi. This monumental gesture stands as a vivid testament to the deep, reciprocal reverence that both nations possess for each other's rich history and cultural heritage.

Today, direct air services operating on the Tashkent - Tbilisi and Tashkent - Batumi routes serve to further catalyze the robust expansion of tourism and business linkages between the two nations.

At present, approximately four thousand citizens of Georgian heritage reside in Uzbekistan. Furthermore, since 1994, the Georgian Cultural Center “Megobroba” ("Friendship") has successfully functioned in Tashkent, contributing significantly to the preservation and promotion of their distinct cultural identity.

It should be noted that the relations between the peoples of Uzbekistan and Georgia trace their roots back to deep antiquity. Ancient authors historically documented the existence of trade linkages between Khwarazm and Colchis, which were actively maintained along Amu Darya river and across the Caspian Sea.

Following the establishment of the Great Silk Road, particularly from the 6^th century onward, one of the most critical commercial routes connecting the Caucasus and the Byzantine Empire traversed through Samarkand, Bukhara and Khwarazm. Furthermore, in Shota Rustaveli’s renowned 12^th-century epic poem, Knight in the Panther's Skin, explicit reference is made to Khwarazm. This compellingly demonstrates that deep-seated historical, cultural and trade linkages actively existed between Georgia and Central Asia as early as the Middle Ages.

In subsequent periods, representatives of the Georgian people likewise took an active part in the public life of Uzbekistan, among whom were prominent entrepreneurs, architects, scientists, cultural figures and medical professionals. Distinct symbols of the enduring friendship between the two nations include the entrepreneur George Tsintsadze, under whose initiative the renowned “Colosseum” Theater was constructed in Tashkent, as well as Academician Edvard Rtveladze, who rendered an monumental contribution to the development of archaeological science in Uzbekistan.

The scientific heritage of Academician Edvard Rtveladze merits profound and distinctive attention. Hundreds of his scholarly works dedicated to the comprehensive history of Uzbekistan and the thorough examination of Great Silk Road, alongside groundbreaking research that successfully established the precise location of the ancient settlement in the Surkhandarya region, have garnered widespread international acclaim and constitute a monumental contribution to global historical science.

In conclusion, it should be emphasized that amidst the complexities of the contemporary international landscape, relations between Uzbekistan and Georgia continue to systematically evolve on the basis of unwavering mutual trust, open dialogue, and pragmatic cooperation. The steadfast political will of the Leaders of the two states, the dynamic expansion of economic and humanitarian linkages, and a rich historical heritage serve as a solid foundation for the further reinforcement of the mutually beneficial partnership between the two nations.

There is no doubt that such large-scale interaction, regular engagements, and constructive dialogue will continue to facilitate the expansion of comprehensive cooperation in the fields of trade, transport, investments, tourism, culture, and other domains, thereby forging a reliable foundation for the further progressive development of Uzbek-Georgian relations.

Dunyo IA

The UN General Assembly adopted by consensus, without a vote, the resolution Peaceful Settlement of Border Disputes, introduced by Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan and co-sponsored by 40 states. Akramjon Nematov, First Deputy Director of the Institute for Strategic and Regional Studies under the President of Uzbekistan, commented to IA Dunyo on the significance of the adopted document in the context of changing perceptions of our region on the international stage.

- This is truly a historic event of fundamental importance both for Central Asia and for the entire contemporary international practice. The fact that the resolution was adopted unanimously, without a formal vote, testifies to the unconditional support for and high level of trust in our region on the part of the international community. I would especially emphasize that dozens of countries acted as co-authors of the document, but the key initiators, acting in solidarity and on equal terms, were Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan.

The document is devoted to a topic that today remains one of the most difficult and painful on the global agenda – the peaceful delimitation and formalization of state borders. At a time when geopolitical fractures are deepening across the planet, trust is declining, and there is a dangerous rollback toward forceful methods of resolving disputes, the states of Central Asia have demonstrated high political maturity and responsibility.

In practice, we have proved to the entire world that direct, honest, and respectful dialogue is the only effective way to untangle the most complex knots of contradictions that remained unresolved since the collapse of the USSR. Central Asia is finally moving away from its former stereotypical image as a “zone of latent risks and border conflicts.” Today, our region is acting as a mature and independent subject of international politics, capable of ensuring stability in our common home through its own efforts and of shaping exemplary peaceful practices that are in demand on a global scale.

— Bringing this initiative to the UN level is a serious step. What strategic and legal consequences does it entail for the initiating states?

— Bringing the Central Asian case to the universal UN platform is important because it consolidates the results we have achieved and gives the processes of regional rapprochement a stable and irreversible character.

By registering these steps within the international legal framework, the states of the region publicly confirm their mutual commitments to follow the course of good-neighborliness. This places a high level of responsibility on all parties before the international community. Thus, strong political and legal guarantees of stability are being created, and the risks of any future revision of the agreements are being radically reduced.

This breakthrough became possible thanks to the firm political will and foresight of the leaders of all Central Asian states, who were able to place the long-term interests of stability and prosperity of our peoples above current disagreements. If we analyze the origins of this process, the most important role here was played by the open and pragmatic foreign policy course of Uzbekistan proclaimed by President Shavkat Mirziyoyev in 2017. This strategy was initially aimed at turning Central Asia into a space of trust.

What is fundamental is that this approach was not imposed from above as someone’s doctrine, but found a sincere and active response among our neighbors. The current success is precisely the result of joint work and inclusive regional synergy. The initiatives of Tashkent were supported, substantively supplemented, and jointly implemented together with Bishkek and Dushanbe. The signing by the leaders of the three countries of the agreement on the junction point of state borders and the opening of the “Stele of Friendship” became a logical outcome of this large-scale joint work, where the contribution of each side is equally valuable

- Akramjon Ilkhamovich, the political will of the leaders has given a powerful impulse, but peace must also be durable in practice. What economic prospects are opening up for the region, and how is the very model of ensuring security at the borders changing?

- Today we are witnessing a conceptual shift in approaches to regional security: the previous paradigm of rigid restrictions, fences, and barriers in border areas is being replaced by a modern security model based on joint economic development and the formation of deep interdependence. Security in the region is now measured not by the height of dividing barriers, but by the depth and scale of joint projects.

New round-the-clock border checkpoints are opening one after another, which has greatly simplified the movement of people and caused a colossal tourism boom. An illustrative fact: neighboring states now account for more than 60% of all tourists visiting Uzbekistan, which amounts to about 7 million people annually.

The economic framework of stability lies in the fact that we are moving toward major joint infrastructure projects. Trade and industrial zones and logistics centers are being built in border areas, a vivid example of which is the International Trade and Economic Park “Dostuk”. Moreover, we are jointly building the strategic railway China–Kyrgyzstan–Uzbekistan and launching projects for the construction of major hydroelectric power plants such as Kambarata HPP-1 and Yavan HPP. What until recently seemed like a distant, almost unattainable dream is today being realized through our common efforts.

All this opens colossal prospects. Central Asia is turning into a single, integral, and stable macro-region. Today our population amounts to about 85 million people. Such a demographic scale has never existed in our history before. But the most important thing is the absolute, practically one hundred percent literacy of this population. The presence of such an impressive body of educated, qualified intellectual capital makes the region a powerful asset for attracting high technologies, major investments, and transforming Central Asia into a key transit and industrial hub for the whole of Eurasia.

- For this complex process to develop progressively, agreements at the highest level must be supported by society. What role do institutions of people’s diplomacy and dialogue platforms on the ground play here?

- You are absolutely right: interstate agreements will be viable only when they possess a developed social base and take root at the level of civil society. Look at how actively dialogue through people’s diplomacy is developing today: regular forums of civil society and women leaders of our countries are being held, large-scale meetings of the creative and scientific intelligentsia are taking place, and living human ties are being restored.

The expert community plays an enormous role in this architecture. It is precisely for this purpose that new inclusive dialogue platforms are being created, and one of the key among them is the Fergana Peace Forum, which we are actively developing in close partnership with our neighbors. We are convinced that the Fergana Forum should become a permanent platform for cooperation in the Fergana Valley. This is a space where analysts, representatives of government bodies, entrepreneurs, and local communities of Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan conduct direct and transparent dialogue. Coordinated approaches to complex cross-border challenges are developed here — issues of joint water use, ecology, climate change, and the development of border territories. This makes it possible to transfer potential points of friction into the sphere of practical interaction.

And, of course, systematic work with youth occupies a special, strategic place, because it is the new generation that will have to preserve and develop the conflict-free space that is being laid today. Continuing the logic of the Fergana Peace Forum, already in June, within the framework of the “Youth Month,” we plan to hold a large-scale International Youth Seminar on Peacebuilding in Fergana under the auspices of the UN and the OSCE.

Active youth from all over Central Asia will take part in this three-day event, but the main emphasis is on young people from the border regions of our three countries. Our task is to strengthen youth ties on the ground, teach them to find a common language, jointly implement projects, and deeply support the continuity of the culture of peaceful dialogue.

In conclusion, it can be said that by adopting this resolution, the world recognized that the joint experience of compromises in Central Asia is highly in demand at the global level as a viable matrix of preventive diplomacy that can and should be studied and scaled up. Through concrete action, our region has proved its ability to independently generate stability and bear joint responsibility for a common prosperous future.

IA Dunyo

In recent years, the deepening cooperation between Uzbekistan and Pakistan has emerged as a significant new strategic direction across Eurasia. Two countries standing at the historic crossroads of ancient trade routes are now consistently building a modern “architecture of connectivity” that permeates all key areas, including the economy, culture, education, and technology. Their shared centuries-old historical roots, dating back to the era of the Great Silk Road, are being transformed into concrete projects and initiatives capable of strengthening economic resilience, ensuring technological independence, and creating a solid foundation for regional integration.

Since the early 2020s, relations between Tashkent and Islamabad have been developing steadily, largely driven by the strong political will of the leaders of both countries. The Joint Declaration on Strategic Partnership between the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, signed in 2021, set a high pace for bilateral dialogue, opening a new chapter in the history of relations. Regular meetings at the highest level, active consultations between the foreign ministries, and engagement within international forums make it possible to address pressing issues in a timely manner, identify mutually acceptable solutions, and explore promising areas of cooperation.

A vivid confirmation of the strengthening bilateral ties was the official visit of the Pakistan’s Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif to Uzbekistan in February 2025 and his meeting with President Shavkat Mirziyoyev. The leaders of both countries expressed deep satisfaction with the impressive dynamics of multifaceted cooperation encompassing the economy, investment, transport, digital technologies, and cultural and humanitarian exchanges.

Admiring the achievements of Uzbekistan’s large-scale reforms under the Presidency of Shavkat Mirziyoyev, Shehbaz Sharif stated that “miracles are possible only through a clear vision, high dynamism, hard work, and a resolute pursuit of a common goal.”

The culmination of the Prime Minister’s visit was the establishment of the High-Level Strategic Partnership Council, which imparted a new strategic impetus to bilateral relations. This step not only consolidated the prior agreements but also created a strong institutional platform for systematic cooperation.

The legislative framework of bilateral cooperation plays a key role in strengthening strategic interaction between Uzbekistan and Pakistan. A special contribution in this regard is made by inter-parliamentary friendship groups, which consistently promote legislative initiatives aimed at simplifying business procedures, increasing transparency, and creating a reliable legal environment for the implementation of joint projects. Their work forms a long-term platform of trust that ensures stability and predictability in bilateral relations.

The economic sector, in turn, serves as the most visible indicator of cooperation dynamics. Pakistan confidently ranks among Uzbekistan’s leading trade partners in South Asia, demonstrating strong interest in the Uzbek market. Over recent years, bilateral trade turnover has increased manifold and continues to grow steadily. In 2025, mutual trade exceeded $440 million, which is twelve times higher than in 2016, with particular attention drawn to Uzbek exports amounting to over $320 million.

These figures not only reflect the growing interest of businesses in both countries in expanding mutually beneficial cooperation but also demonstrate the emergence of a more diversified and resilient trade model incorporating new industries and segments. The current environment creates a foundation for further development of investment flows, financial services, and joint projects in mining, energy, and digital technologies, opening additional opportunities for deepening strategic partnership.

In line with agreements reached at the highest level, concrete steps have been outlined to increase bilateral trade turnover to $2 billion in the near future.

An important tool for achieving this goal has been the Preferential Trade Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Government of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, which provides customs benefits for 17 categories of goods from each side. This significantly facilitates market entry for companies and stimulates the expansion of trade flows.

At the same time, business ties are expanding rapidly. An increasing number of Uzbek and Pakistani companies are finding partners, establishing joint ventures, and exploring new niches. As of October 1, 2025, around 180 companies with Pakistani capital are operating in Uzbekistan, reflecting growing business confidence in joint projects and long-term partnership.

Cooperation spans a wide range of sectors – from the textile and food industries to the production of construction materials, electrical equipment, and logistics. Regular meetings of the intergovernmental commission, business forums, and specialized exhibitions serve as effective platforms for direct dialogue, experience exchange, and contract signing. The agreements concluded at these venues already amount to hundreds of millions of dollars, generating tangible economic returns and laying a solid foundation for further expansion of cooperation.

In 2024, Tashkent hosted the first International Exhibition “Made in Pakistan” and a joint Logistics Forum, featuring more than 80 leading Pakistani companies. These events created a platform for direct business dialogue, demonstrating real opportunities for joint ventures and logistics cooperation.

In turn, a national exhibition “Made in Uzbekistan” was held in Lahore in February 2025, resulting in the signing of 181 bilateral trade agreements worth $500 million. These events clearly illustrate mutual interest in expanding trade turnover and growing business confidence in bilateral cooperation prospects.

Significant progress has also been achieved in investment cooperation. In 2024, $33 million in Pakistani investments were utilized within joint projects, and from January to July 2025 this figure more than doubled, reaching nearly $70 million. This steady growth reflects increasing interest in long-term projects, confirms the stability of the business environment, and opens new opportunities for expanding strategic partnership.

Active work continues on joint projects in the textile, pharmaceutical, perfumery, and agricultural sectors, allowing both sides to strengthen traditional industries while developing new high value-added niches. Notably, Uzbek companies are conducting feasibility studies in Pakistan for the production of household appliances, tractors, smart meters, and modern gas blocks, opening avenues for technological exchange and the adoption of advanced manufacturing solutions.

Particular attention is paid to the digital sphere, where a broad range of promising initiatives is emerging: software development, IT solutions for business and public services, and joint startups and innovation projects. This direction accelerates technological modernization, enhances competitiveness, and facilitates the integration of digital products into key sectors of the economy.

Trade infrastructure development is also a key priority. In 2025, Uzbek trade houses were opened in Lahore and Karachi, with plans to establish Pakistani trade missions in Tashkent and Samarkand. These initiatives simplify market access, stimulate business cooperation, and strengthen trust within the business community.

Thus, the combination of industrial, digital, and infrastructure cooperation creates a multi-level platform for accelerated bilateral development, transforming Uzbek–Pakistani cooperation into a strategically significant and mutually beneficial endeavor.

Transport infrastructure remains a priority area of dialogue. Central and South Asia have historically been interconnected through trade and cultural routes, and today targeted efforts are underway to restore this natural connectivity. Improved logistics, new transport corridors, and simplified transit procedures create real opportunities to boost trade and deepen cooperation. For landlocked Central Asian countries, reliable transport links are a key factor in sustainable growth and regional integration.

One of the flagship projects is the Trans-Afghan Railway, a strategic corridor capable of transforming regional transport networks, strengthening the countries’ positions within the Eurasian economic space, and establishing a solid foundation for trade, investment, and logistics flows between Central and South Asia. By reducing delivery times from several weeks to 3–5 days and cutting transport costs by 40% or more, the route will significantly enhance the competitiveness of regional goods on global markets and stimulate export-import activity.

In 2025, tangible progress was achieved: key components of the feasibility study were prepared, and intergovernmental consultations on the route design and financing terms continue, reinforcing the project’s practical implementation.

Energy cooperation is another vital area with significant joint potential. Projects in geological exploration, oil and gas development, and modernization of processing facilities can ensure strategic energy security, diversify energy sources, and stimulate industrial growth in both countries.

Along with economic cooperation, cultural and humanitarian interaction is actively developing, as the peoples of Uzbekistan and Pakistan share a rich historical heritage rooted in the Silk Road era. This commonality manifests in joint scientific projects, educational initiatives, and cultural exchanges that strengthen human ties and build long-term trust.

In Pakistan, special attention is given to the President Shavkat Mirziyoyev’s concept of the Third Renaissance, viewed as a continuity of Uzbekistan’s rich historical and scientific legacy. The intellectual and spiritual traditions shaped by scholars such as Al-Horezmi, Mirzo Ulugbek, and Zahiriddin Muhammad Babur inspire modern educational and innovation initiatives, reinforcing cultural and intellectual bonds between the two nations.

Tourism deserves special mention as an important component of bilateral cooperation. Uzbekistan, with its unique spiritual and architectural heritage, is increasingly attracting Pakistani tourists and pilgrims. Ancient cities and the mausoleums of prominent scholars – Imam Bukhari, Imam Termezi, and Bahauddin Naqshband – reveal the country’s rich cultural and scientific traditions while strengthening people-to-people ties as enduring as official interstate agreements.

Improved transport connectivity has become a key catalyst. Direct flights between Islamabad and Tashkent, as well as between Tashkent and Lahore, enabled over 10,000 Pakistani tourists to visit Uzbekistan in 2025 – nearly 2.5 times more than in 2023. This data highlights both growing demand for tourism routes and the effectiveness of integration measures in transport and logistics.

Taken together, tourism, cultural, and economic initiatives form a solid platform for deepening connectivity between Uzbekistan and Pakistan. This comprehensive cooperation model not only enhances economic potential but also strengthens long-term trust, making bilateral relations a key component of regional integration between Central and South Asia.

The upcoming visit of President Shavkat Mirziyoyev to Islamabad early February 2026 will mark an important milestone in enhancing strategic partnership. It will open new opportunities for joint initiatives, activate projects in the economy, transport, energy, and digital technologies, and provide additional momentum to cooperation, enhancing its practical impact and strategic significance.

Today, it is especially important to maintain the high momentum of interaction, expand practical cooperation mechanisms, cascade dialogue to lower governance levels, and more actively engage regions, small and medium-sized enterprises, the academic community, youth, and civil society institutions. Such a comprehensive approach will not only consolidate achievements but also ensure sustainable growth of mutual cooperation, creating a platform for new joint projects and initiatives at all levels.

Thus, the “bridges of friendship” built between Uzbekistan and Pakistan – rooted in shared history, traditions, and spiritual affinity – connect the past and present while opening the way for deeper comprehensive cooperation. They transform traditional mutual trust into sustainable and long-term partnership forms that will serve as a foundation for expanding interaction at all levels, from local initiatives to strategic projects of regional significance.

Nigora Sultanova,

Chief Research Fellow at the Institute for Strategic and Regional Studies under the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan

The evolution of the Organization of Turkic States (OTS) has attracted particular attention from the international expert community, especially in the context of sustainable development, where Uzbekistan’s accession in 2019 became a catalyst for creating new opportunities for joint progress among Turkic countries.

Originally established on October 3, 2009, as the Cooperation Council of Turkic-Speaking States, the organization has undergone significant institutional evolution and was officially renamed the Organization of Turkic States at the 8th Summit in Istanbul on November 12, 2021. This decision reflected not only the deepening interaction among member states but also their shared aspiration to develop a collective approach to contemporary risks and challenges related to the sustainable development of the Turkic world—a role in which Uzbekistan soon assumed a prominent position.

Uzbekistan’s policy within the OTS has been primarily manifested in the economic sphere, where deeper integration has become not only a sign of growing mutual trust but also a practical foundation for jointly ensuring stability and sustainable development.

By 2024, mutual trade among OTS member states exceeded $45 billion, and the combined GDP of the five member states reached $1.9 trillion, demonstrating increasing economic interdependence. According to data from the Center for Economic Research and Reforms (CERR), Uzbekistan’s trade turnover with OTS countries grew from $3.34 billion in 2016 to $9.4 billion in 2023, reaching $10 billion by 2024—nearly triple the figure from seven years earlier.

This dynamic growth in economic ties has not only strengthened mutual interest among OTS countries in regional stability but also laid a solid foundation for a new approach to security—one actively promoted by Uzbekistan in its foreign policy.

An analysis of initiatives put forward by President of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev at OTS summits confirms Tashkent’s consistent and systematic approach to strengthening regional security. In place of the traditional military-political dimension, Uzbekistan advocates a model in which security is understood as the outcome of sustainable development, interconnectedness, and long-term, structured cooperation.

This approach is embodied in the following strategic directions, covering key aspects of contemporary security:

First, Uzbekistan was among the first in the region to propose cooperation in responding to systemic threats. During the COVID-19 pandemic (April 2020), Tashkent proposed establishing a permanent mechanism for epidemiological surveillance, a coordination group under the OTS Secretariat, and partnership arrangements with the World Health Organization (WHO).

Following the earthquake in Türkiye (March 2023), Tashkent initiated the creation of an OTS platform for practical cooperation on disaster prevention and response, as well as the development of a multilateral agreement on risk reduction and the establishment of a Natural Disaster Monitoring Center in Tashkent.
All these measures aim at early warning, reducing vulnerability, and enhancing collective resilience—key elements of preventive security.

Second, Uzbekistan advances sustainable development through deeper economic interconnectivity.

In transport, Uzbekistan proposed joint use of the multimodal corridor “Tashkent–Karakalpakstan–Aktau–Baku–Tbilisi–Kars–Istanbul,” implementation of a “single window” system and “green corridors” along the Trans-Caspian route, and full digitalization of road transport through the eTIR system. In 2022, Uzbekistan and Azerbaijan became the first countries to successfully carry out a transport operation using electronic eTIR carnets.

In food security, Uzbekistan proposed developing a multilateral agreement on supply systems and cooperation with the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).

In the environmental sphere, Tashkent proposed establishing a Turkic environmental protection body headquartered in the Aral Sea region, forming an Environmental Council, and adopting a “Turkic Green Energy Transition” concept.
All these initiatives create an infrastructure-economic foundation for security, reducing dependence on external shocks and strengthening regional autonomy.

Third, Tashkent’s key contribution lies in promoting the institutionalization of the OTS. At the Samarkand Summit (November 2022), Uzbekistan proposed creating dedicated ministerial-level committees on energy, IT, healthcare, and other sectors.

Later, Uzbekistan initiated hosting the headquarters of strategically important OTS bodies in Tashkent, including the Emergency Response Center, the Council of Railway Administrations, the Turkic Investment Bank, the Research Center for Human Capital Development, and the Academy of Space Research.

During Uzbekistan’s OTS Chairmanship (2022–2023), over 100 events were held, and new cooperation platforms were established, including the Organization of Trade Unions of Turkic States and the Institute for Drought Prevention.
These measures enhance joint preparedness and rapid response capabilities to contemporary challenges, strengthen trust among member states, and support sustainable development.

Fourth, alongside deepening cooperation in humanitarian, economic, and legal spheres, Uzbekistan consistently develops avenues of interaction related to coordinating responses to threats to regional stability.

For example, at the Shusha Summit in July 2024, Uzbekistan proposed formulating unified OTS approaches to the Afghan issue in light of the new regional realities. Such initiatives reflect Tashkent’s commitment to consolidating foreign policy positions and developing a coordinated strategy on the most sensitive issues of regional stability.

Thus, Uzbekistan’s initiatives within the OTS form a comprehensive, prevention-oriented model of sustainable development, in which humanitarian, economic, environmental, and political components are viewed as interdependent. Tashkent’s approach not only aligns with current trends in international relations but also creates conditions for strengthening the strategic autonomy of the Turkic world amid global fragmentation.

However, it should be noted that this model is not developed in isolation. On the contrary, it is organically complemented by the OTS’s external openness and its aspiration to integrate into the international architecture of relations through cooperation with key global and regional institutions. This helps avoid duplication, enhances the legitimacy of OTS initiatives, and aligns them with international standards.

In this process, Uzbekistan plays a significant role by consistently promoting synergy between the OTS and multilateral platforms, particularly in epidemiological, environmental, and humanitarian areas.

The OTS maintains especially close cooperation with the United Nations and its specialized agencies. Uzbekistan’s 2021 initiative to establish a Turkic environmental body under UN auspices, headquartered in the Aral Sea region, directly integrates regional efforts into the global environmental agenda.

Proposals for cooperation with the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) (2022) and collaboration with the World Health Organization (WHO) (2020) further demonstrate the desire to leverage the UN’s expertise and institutional capacity to implement homegrown security mechanisms.

Additionally, Tashkent initiated partnerships with the UN Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR) and the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) in the context of establishing the Natural Disaster Monitoring Center (2023), underscoring the OTS’s commitment to the principles of sustainable development and preventive security enshrined in the UN 2030 Agenda.

Simultaneously, the OTS is expanding its international presence: in 2024, the organization obtained observer status in the Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO), submitted similar applications to the UN and the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), and strengthened ties with the EU and OSCE through its European office in Budapest. At the Budapest Informal Summit (May 2025)—the first ever organized by an observer country—the Budapest Declaration was adopted, reaffirming the OTS’s commitment to combating terrorism, cyber threats, and organized crime.

This foreign policy orientation is also confirmed by assessments from international analytical circles.

According to an analytical report by the Global Security Research Center at the Geneva Centre for Security Policy (GCSP), the OTS demonstrates a unique model of regional cooperation that combines cultural identity with pragmatic measures to reduce vulnerability to transboundary threats. Experts from the “AIR Center” (Azerbaijan) note that for Central Asian countries and Azerbaijan, the OTS has become a strategic shield against external threats and a platform for asserting independence.

Thus, the OTS not only strengthens the collective resilience of its member states to external challenges but also creates a space for developing joint approaches to implementing projects aimed at the sustainable development of Turkic countries.

In this regard, Uzbekistan consistently promotes a comprehensive, prevention-oriented model for addressing risks and factors undermining sustainable development, in which traditional threats are complemented by non-traditional challenges—from pandemics and natural disasters to destructive ideologies. Particular emphasis is placed on building trust through humanitarian diplomacy, youth initiatives, cultural rapprochement, and institutional cooperation.

In the context of regional stability, Uzbekistan advocates for unified approaches to the Afghan issue, supports counter-terrorism and anti-organized crime efforts, and initiates mechanisms for collective crisis response.

The adoption of the Charter of Turkic Peace at the 11th OTS Summit in Bishkek, along with President Shavkat Mirziyoyev’s proposal at the same forum to sign a Treaty on Strategic Partnership, Eternal Friendship, and Brotherhood among Turkic States, became pivotal factors in shaping a long-term architecture of trust and shared responsibility.

Overall, Uzbekistan’s initiatives within the OTS represent a comprehensive strategy aimed at creating an alternative model for ensuring sustainable regional development, grounded in the cultural-historical commonality and economic interconnectedness of Turkic countries.

Alisher Kadyrov,

In the 21st century, the rapid development of global economic ties has further heightened the strategic importance of transport and logistics systems. From this perspective, strengthening transport cooperation among the member states of the Organization of Turkic States (OTS) —located in a key geoeconomic region connecting Europe and Asia—has become a priority.

Within the OTS framework, practical initiatives are being advanced to develop modern transport corridors, build up transit capacity, and create a single logistics space. This serves not only to deepen regional integration but also to ensure sustainable economic growth and connectivity across Eurasia.

The OTS countries are among Uzbekistan's primary trade and economic partners. Specifically, Uzbekistan maintains a large volume of trade with Kazakhstan, a free trade agreement with Azerbaijan, and most-favored-nation status with Turkey and Hungary.

In 2023, Uzbekistan's cargo transport volume with OTS member countries reached 17.5 million tons, accounting for nearly 38 percent of its total export-import shipments.

To further intensify multilateral cooperation within the Organization and strengthen the strategic partnership between its member states, the 12th Summit of the Organization of Turkic States was held on October 7, 2024, in Gabala, Azerbaijan, under the motto "Regional Peace and Security."

Following the summit, the parties adopted the 121-point Gabala Declaration. This document outlined a number of priority objectives for expanding cooperation in the political, economic, transport, communications, energy, and security spheres. The declaration paid special attention to the transport sector, identifying the further strengthening of transport connectivity between Europe and Asia, the enhancement of the region's transit potential, and the expansion of trade and economic ties as key tasks.

Additionally, the development of the Trans-Caspian International Transport Corridor (the Middle Corridor) was recognized as one of the organization's strategic priorities. Special emphasis was placed on increasing the efficiency of freight supply chains across Eurasia, diversifying transport routes, and enhancing the region's importance in the global logistics system by improving this corridor.

Furthermore, an agreement was reached at the summit to implement the "OTS+" format, aimed at expanding the geographical scope of cooperation between the Organization of Turkic States and external partners and third countries.

At this summit, the head of our state underscored the importance of connecting the Middle Corridor with the China–Kyrgyzstan–Uzbekistan railway and the Trans-Afghan Corridor, as well as digitalizing customs procedures and optimizing tariffs. The proposed initiatives were supported by the organization's member states, who expressed their readiness for joint work in these areas.

According to experts, the China–Kyrgyzstan–Uzbekistan railway is expected to create the shortest corridor from China to countries in Europe and the Middle East, reducing the distance by 900 kilometers and freight delivery times by 7–8 days.

The construction of the Uzbekistan–Afghanistan–Pakistan railway is another vital project for transregional cooperation. This project will link the South Asian railway system with the railway networks of Central Asia and Eurasia.

In recent years, as attention to the Trans-Caspian Corridor has grown, the volume of freight transported along it has been steadily increasing. In 2023, the transit of Uzbek cargo on this route through the Port of Baku exceeded 1.2 million tons, and there are plans to increase this figure to 1.5 million tons in the near future.

Uzbekistan is an active user of the strategic "China–Kyrgyzstan–Uzbekistan–Turkmenistan/Kazakhstan–Caspian Sea–Azerbaijan–Georgia–Turkey–Europe" route, which runs through the member states of the Organization of Turkic States (OTS). In cooperation with the OTS, special importance is attached to the development of this corridor. Specifically, large-scale work is underway to modernize infrastructure and coordinate logistics processes.

As the development and diversification of global logistics chains and transport corridors, along with the formation of a unified transit network, become particularly relevant, realizing the potential of the Organization of Turkic States is coming to the forefront.

Within the OTS framework, special attention is also given to implementing digital solutions in supply chains. In particular, an electronic permit exchange system (e-Permit) has been established among the Organization's member states, and the e-TIR system has been implemented with Azerbaijan. Alongside these efforts, solutions such as electronic customs, automated cargo tracking systems, and the "digital customs corridor" are being widely introduced in OTS countries.

The aforementioned initiatives are an important step toward creating a single transport space among the Turkic states. Through digital systems, new transport routes, and joint investments, the OTS countries are deepening their mutual integration and strengthening their positions within the Eurasian transport network.

IA “Dunyo”

Experts often use the Latin phrase “si vis pacem, para bellum”, which translates as “if you want peace, prepare for war”. They emphasis that only force can guarantee peace.

The processes observed in Central Asia in recent years suggest the opposite. Against the backdrop of geopolitical turbulence, countries in the region regularly pursue policies based primarily on the principles of dialogue and good neighborliness.

In a short period of time, the face of the region has changed dramatically, common points of growth are forming, and mutual trust is becoming an important condition for stability. Common triggers for development are being identified: the formation of a common economic space, active attraction of investment, and the strengthening of cultural and humanitarian ties. A spirit of unity and solidarity has formed in the region.

As Uzbekistan's leader Shavkat Mirziyoyev noted at the 80th session of the UN General Assembly, “Today, Central Asia is different - it is united and strong, open to dialogue and full-scale partnership”.

The political transformation of the region is underpinned by steady economic growth, demonstrating the region's growing power. In particular, over the last 10  years, Central Asia's GDP has grown by more than 6% annually — twice as fast as the global average.

Due to political will and joint efforts of the leaders of the states, significant results have been achieved in resolving border issues. An important milestone on this path was the trilateral meeting of the presidents of Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan, held on 31 March 2025 in Khujand.

As a result, an agreement was signed on the junction point of the state borders of the three countries, which is clear evidence that the governments of our states place peace and harmony above all else.

All this confirms the idea that peace can only be achieved through mutual understanding, support and cooperation, which are the basis of friendly relations. We are guided by the principle: “If you want peace, be friends with your neighbors” This approach reflects the essence of the integration processes taking place in the region and certainly deserves the attention of the international community as a “exemplary model” for resolving even the most complex conflicts of our time.

How has humanity understood the world over the centuries?

Throughout human history, peace has been regarded as one of the highest spiritual and social values. Even in ancient times, thinkers in Ancient Greece sought to understand the phenomenon of Eirene – a state of harmony, the cessation of hostility and stable order in society.

In Eastern philosophical thought, the concept of peace also occupied a special place. It was understood, first and foremost, as the inner harmony of a person with themselves and the surrounding world, as a path to spiritual balance and moral perfection.

The great thinkers of Central Asia continued to develop the idea of peace, giving it philosophical and humanistic content. Thus, Abu Nasr Farabi regarded peace and harmony as an indispensable condition for the existence of a “Virtuous City”, where justice, reason, and mutual understanding between people become the basis of social well-being. Alisher Navoi, in his poetic works, presented peace as the highest form of spiritual and moral perfection of man, the basis of creation and mutual respect between peoples.

Thus, over the centuries, the idea of peace has evolved from an understanding of it as the absence of war to an awareness of spiritual and moral harmony between people and nations.

Why was Fergana chosen as the venue for the Forum?

The choice of Fergana as the venue for the forum is no coincidence.

The Fergana Valley is a unique geographical area where peoples speaking different languages and practicing different religions have coexisted peacefully for centuries. The Great Silk Road passed through the valley, and its inhabitants were engaged in crafts, trade and science, always striving for mutual understanding and dialogue. Conflict is a foreign concept to the region.

Today, the Fergana Valley unites the territories of three independent states, whose relations are based on the principles of good neighborliness, mutual respect, sovereignty and territorial integrity.

The Fergana Valley is the most populous region in Central Asia. According to data, the Andijan, Namangan and Fergana regions of Uzbekistan alone are home to about 11 million people, which is almost a third of the country's population. If we take into account the population of the territories of neighboring states that are geographically part of the region, the total figure is about 17 million.

With this in mind, the countries of Central Asia are striving to deepen regional integration, viewing it as an important condition for sustainable development. Strengthening mutual trust and partnership is becoming one of the key areas of their foreign policy. To discuss specific steps and exchange experiences, platforms are needed that promote open dialogue and coordination of positions.

One such platform will be the Fergana Peace Forum, which will be held on 15–16 October at Fergana State University. It will be attended by representatives of government agencies and business circles of Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, experts from scientific, analytical and research centers, as well as delegates from the CIS, SCO, OSCE, UNDP, EU and other international organizations.

In addition, the Fergana Valley is a multinational region where representatives of all peoples and ethnic groups live in peace and harmony.

In this regard, the attention that the government pays to strengthening interethnic friendship and creating conditions for all citizens to receive education in their native language and study their national culture is of great importance.

Today, there are more than 250 schools in the Fergana, Namangan and Andijan regions where instruction is conducted in Kyrgyz, Russian and Tajik.

It is important to emphasize the important role of regional branches of national cultural centers, which are involved in ensuring inter-ethnic harmony, developing intercultural dialogue and tolerance, and strengthening good-neighborly relations with neighboring states.

Various activities are carried out in this area by 17 national cultural centers (8 in Fergana, 5 in Andijan and 4 in Namangan regions), including Russian, Slavic, Korean, Jewish, German, Tatar, Kyrgyz, Uyghur, Tajik and Turkish.

Special mention should be made of the activities of public associations, foundations and NGOs implementing socially significant projects, both with funding from domestic donors and with the support of international organizations and foreign partners such as the World Bank, UNDP, the United Nations Population Fund, the UN Women, the European Union, the International Organization for Migration, Saferworld, DVV International, Fair and Sustainable Development Solutions, DIA International and others.

The implementation of such projects contributes to ensuring access to social protection, developing entrepreneurial skills, increasing the participation of women and young people in public affairs, and strengthening mutual understanding and friendship between residents of border areas.

Overall, the first Fergana Peace Forum opens a new page in the development of good neighborly relations and partnership between the countries of the region.

In this case, the choice of the Fergana Valley as the venue reflects its historical role as a space for mutual understanding and harmony. Undoubtedly, this forum will provide an additional stimulus for further strengthening stability and expanding cooperation in Central Asia.

Abror Yusupov,

PhD in Political Science,

Associate Professor,

Deputy Director of the

Center for Analysis of Democratic Processes

Since ancient times, Central and South Asia have been closely connected through trade, cultural exchange and political processes. Geographical proximity and ancient trade routes contributed to active dialogue between peoples and civilizations, the exchange of goods and culture as well as the formation of a shared historical and cultural identity in the region. Following the acquisition of independence, the Central Asian states began gradually developing their own foreign policy and economic strategies toward South Asia.

Given the significance of Central and South Asia, shaped by their strategic location, abundant natural resources, demographic potential and historical heritage, these regions have become the subject of extensive scientific research. Thus, from the perspective of the regional security complex, scholars consider Central and South Asia as two independent yet equal regions. In this context, it is important to emphasize the transformation of Afghanistan’s role as a key component of the regional security complex, facilitating interconnectedness and the gradual rapprochement between South and Central Asia.

It should be noted that Uzbekistan, located in the heart of Central Asia, plays a key role in ensuring regional security and stability. At the same time, the country, actively promoting constructive foreign policy initiatives aimed at strengthening peace and cooperation in the region, acts as the locomotive of economic interconnectedness between Central and South Asia. Recognizing the growing demand for mutual ties between the regions, in July 2021 in Tashkent a high-level international conference “Central and South Asia: Regional Connectivity. Challenges and Opportunities” was held. There the proposal to develop and submit for consideration to the UN General Assembly a draft special resolution “On Strengthening the Connectivity between Central and South Asia” was put forward. As a result, in July 2022, the UN member states unanimously approved the adoption of this resolution, which became another vivid testament to the recognition of our country’s role and authority in deepening interconnectedness, establishing dialogue with the region and maintaining peace and stability.

It should be emphasized that the resolution calls on states to unite their efforts in combating common challenges and threats to stability and security in Central and South Asia, recommends continuing and deepening interregional cooperation by expanding transport infrastructure and information-communication technologies, as well as by developing new international transport corridors that provide convenient, sustainable, commercially viable, affordable, accessible, inclusive and safe routes to seaports.

In these processes, Termez has the potential to become a unique platform for connecting the two regions, both in terms of ensuring regional security and in terms of developing trade and economic relations. At the same time, the city of Termez, historically considered as one of the centers of dialogue between peoples and civilizations, the development of trade, humanitarian, and other ties, for many centuries occupied a strategically important position in the region. Thus, the era of the Kushan Empire, Termez served as a major cultural center where various civilizations actively interacted. The city was a significant hub for the transmission of Buddhist art and literature, which spread widely across Central and South Asia. Moreover, from a geographical point of view, Termez was a link between Central and South Asia. It was also one of the key points on the Great Silk Road connecting East and West.

At the present stage, Termez serves as a starting point for the implementation of a number of transport and infrastructure projects, such as the “Termez – Naibabad – Maydan Shahr – Logar – Kharlachi” railway, the “Surkhan – Puli-Khumri” power lines, and others. In general, the significance of the Termez platform lies in the following:

Firstly, in the context of ensuring regional security and stability, the city of Termez has consistently held a central position. Following the events of 11/9/2001 the “Termez Strategic Air Transport Point” was established here, which operated from 2002 to 2015 and ensured the logistics of humanitarian cargo for the International Security Assistance Force in Afghanistan. This experience further reinforced the city’s significance as a secure transit and supply hub during times of military instability.

In addition, Termez is actively used within the framework of Uzbekistan’s joint initiatives with international partners in combating terrorism, drug trafficking, and cross-border crime. In this context, the “Friendship Bridge” connecting Uzbekistan and Afghanistan, plays an important role in ensuring control not only over the movement of people and cargo, but also in monitoring the illegal trafficking of drugs (including synthetic drugs) coming from Afghanistan, which is important for maintaining regional security (for example, employees of the “Ayritom” border customs post in Surkhandarya region in March of this year prevented an attempt to illegally import a batch of narcotic drugs with a total weight of 70 kg and in May of this year – 600 kg).

At the same time, Termez is considered a platform for constructive resolution of border issues. Thus, on August 22-28, 2024, a regular meeting of the working groups of the joint Uzbek-Tajik demarcation Commission was held in Termez. During the meeting, joint work continued on coordinating the passage of the design demarcation line of the Uzbek-Tajik state border, following which a corresponding protocol was signed.

Secondly, the trade, economic, and logistical significance of the city of Termez, as a material foundation for long-term peace and security in Central and South Asia, is determined by its strategic location and modern logistical infrastructure.

In particular, in 2022, “The Termez Cargo Center terminal” received the status of an international multifunctional logistics hub serving cargo flows to Afghanistan and South Asian countries. This, in turn, has elevated its status in international humanitarian infrastructure (from 2025 it has been integrated into the UN High Commissioner for Humanitarian Affairs warehouse network) and contributed to the expansion of humanitarian shipments’ geography (in 2022 humanitarian aid was delivered by air from Termez to flood victims in Pakistan, and in 2023, the UNHCR Regional Humanitarian Logistics Center in Termez sent 12 truckloads of over 48,000 blankets to Afghanistan). It is noteworthy that Termez’s infrastructure is being actively utilized by international organizations to deliver food and medicine to South Asia, which contributes to reducing social tension and preventing the escalation of conflicts caused by humanitarian crises.

Furthermore, the opening of the Termez International Trade Center in August 2024, designed to create a favorable business environment and logistics, simplify administrative procedures and create conditions for entrepreneurs, on the one hand, enhances the city’s economic attractiveness and, on the other hand, stimulates the growth of economic cooperation between Central and South Asia. In this context, it should be noted that on the territory of the Center (37 hectares, 500 meters from the border with Afghanistan), where 3 thousand retail outlets are located, a 15-day visa-free regime has been introduced for visitors.

In this regard, Termez is also considered a suitable platform for conducting bilateral economic relations. Thus, in March and April of 2024 year, representatives of the Afghan delegation, headed by the Minister of Trade N. Azizi and business circles of the Balkh province, visited the city of Termez, where they held a meeting with the Uzbek side to develop bilateral trade and economic cooperation and expand cooperation in such sectors as agriculture, textiles, pharmaceuticals, food, and mining.

Thirdly, the cultural and humanitarian potential of Termez is considered to be of considerable importance. Thus, in 2018, at the initiative of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, an educational center for Afghan citizens was created. This educational institution is the only one in the world that provides training exclusively for Afghans in 17 areas of higher and 16 areas of secondary specialized, vocational education. During his functioning, about 700 Afghan citizens underwent training, meanwhile 200 of them are girls.

The institution actively maintains international relations and cooperation with donor countries and foreign organizations such as UNDP, EU, GFR, Slovakia, India. Thus, in January 2023, the “EU Knowledge Center” was opened on the basis of this educational institution to train and educate Afghan citizens (this is a coworking space that provides a platform for joint work, self-learning, and establishing professional connections). Overall, the establishment of an educational center for Afghanistan in Termez will expand access to quality education for Afghan citizens, as well as provide an educational environment and technologies for vocational training.

Therefore, Central and South Asia, dynamically developing regions with stable economic growth and new development opportunities, have significant potential due to their rich resources, economic complementarity, demographic potential, common tasks, and geographical proximity. At the same time, Uzbekistan’s efforts are aimed at integrating the two regions within a single space of cooperation, security, and sustainable development.

In these processes, the “Termez platform” not only serves as a constructive mechanism for ensuring security and stability in Central and South Asia, but also has the potential to become an additional tool for developing trade, economic and transport links between the regions. At the same time, a promising area of cooperation for both regions is considered to be, first of all, security issues, including the fight against terrorism, extremism, drug trafficking, as well as the development of interaction in the fields of transport, tourism, and education.

Gulamov Asliddin Gapparovich,

Researcher at the Higher School of Strategic Analysis and Prognosis of the Republic of Uzbekistan

The upcoming visit of the President of Tajikistan, Emomali Rahmon, to Uzbekistan on March 26–27 is set to provide additional momentum to Uzbek-Tajik relations, which have demonstrated steady positive dynamics in recent years.

Today, bilateral ties are on the rise, experiencing the best period in their history. Tashkent and Dushanbe have successfully resolved long-standing issues, creating a solid foundation for a transition to a qualitatively new stage of engagement. While cooperation was previously characterized as episodic and largely dependent on opportunistic factors, it has now acquired a systemic, multi-level, and strategic nature.

The consistent and far-sighted policies of the two heads of state have played a pivotal role in this process. Regular and trust-based contacts between Shavkat Mirziyoyev and Emomali Rahmon have contributed to the renewal of the entire system of interstate relations, imparting a resilient internal dynamic.

Since 2017, the leaders of Uzbekistan and Tajikistan have held over 40 meetings, underscoring a shared political will for the consistent development of cooperation. The logical culmination of this course was the signing of the Treaty on Allied Relations in 2024, which institutionalized the long-term strategic character of their interaction. The upcoming negotiations are expected to consolidate achieved results and define new benchmarks for the partnership.

This atmosphere of trust has been reinforced by a robust institutional framework. Regular consultations between foreign ministries, expanded cooperation across line agencies, and the effective work of the Intergovernmental Commission form a stable architecture for bilateral engagement. The inter-parliamentary dimension has also strengthened significantly: the cooperation group established in 2020 provides essential support for initiatives and oversees their implementation.

The intensive political dialogue is naturally reflected in the economy, which serves as a barometer of profound structural changes. Since 2017, bilateral trade turnover has increased nearly fourfold – from $237 million to over $900 million by the end of 2025 – demonstrating sustainable growth. Furthermore, the trade structure is evolving: alongside traditional commodities, the share of high-value-added products, such as textiles, construction materials, electrical engineering, and machinery, is increasing. This indicates a transition to a more diversified model of economic engagement aimed at reaching the $2 billion mark in the medium term.

Simultaneously, the focus is gradually shifting from trade to investment and industrial cooperation. Since 2017, the number of enterprises with Tajik capital in Uzbekistan has grown more than 13 times, reaching 343. Uzbek business is also actively expanding in Tajikistan, where approximately 70 companies currently operate, reflecting the growing mutual trust within the business community.

As part of this cooperation, the Uzbek-Tajik Interregional Investment Forum was launched in 2021. In the same year, a joint investment company was established with an authorized capital that subsequently increased more than fourfold – from $12 million to over $50 million. This has provided a financial base for implementing major projects in industry, energy, agriculture, healthcare, banking, and construction.

The development of modern border infrastructure is of substantial importance for further integration. Specifically, the creation of a trade and logistics hub at the "Fotekhobod – Oybek" border crossing will enhance the efficiency of trans-border trade. Concurrently, the Urgut district is being developed as a comprehensive transport, logistics, and trade hub, capable of transforming border areas into centers of economic activity.

Ongoing projects include the establishment of trade, logistics, and medical complexes, as well as a logistics center with a capacity of up to 100 heavy-duty trucks per day. In parallel, efforts are underway to simplify customs procedures. The construction of the Samarkand–Urgut railway line will be a significant step toward reducing transport costs and enhancing regional connectivity.

Equally indicative is the transformation of cooperation in the water and energy sector – traditionally one of the most sensitive issues in the region. Moving away from past competition, the parties are consistently building a pragmatic model that accounts for mutual interests, implementing joint projects to modernize irrigation systems and develop hydropower. This approach demonstrates that even the most complex issues can serve as a basis for sustainable cooperation and development.

The most profound changes are occurring in the cultural and humanitarian sphere. Expanding contacts between citizens, the growth of mutual travel, and the development of cultural and educational exchanges are forming a shared humanitarian space where interstate ties have acquired a new quality.

The liberalization of travel regulations has revitalized tourism cooperation. In June 2022, the Tashkent–Dushanbe passenger train was launched; regular bus routes between Tashkent–Khujand and Kokand–Shaidon were resumed; and air connectivity has expanded, currently reaching 16 flights per week.

As a result, 2.7 million citizens of Tajikistan visited Uzbekistan last year alone, reflecting a high level of mutual trust and openness. Political agreements are increasingly translating into the practical reality of daily interaction.

This process is further bolstered by the historical and ethno-cultural proximity of the two nations. The presence of significant Tajik communities in Uzbekistan and Uzbek communities in Tajikistan makes this cooperation a natural extension of established social and cultural ties. In this context, the humanitarian dimension has become a key factor in the stability of the allied relationship.

Against this backdrop, the upcoming visit of Emomali Rahmon to Tashkent is intended not only to consolidate achieved milestones but also to set new strategic directions for future engagement. Its outcomes will undoubtedly be reflected in concrete projects and initiatives that will further strengthen the bilateral partnership and enhance the resilience of the entire region.

The history of mankind demonstrates that great civilizations rest upon a synthesis of intellectual achievements, spiritual values and cultural heritage. Since ancient times, Central Asia has served as a pivotal hub of science, art and philosophy, shaping the foundational elements of a civilization that has influenced the entire world. Today, this profound potential is embodied in a monumental project - Center of Islamic Civilization in Tashkent. This institution does not merely preserve historical artifacts; it serves as a living platform for science, education and spiritual enlightenment.

The project symbolizes a new stage in Uzbekistan’s development - the Third Renaissance - where the past, present and future are unified through intellectual and cultural heritage. The Center of Islamic Civilization demonstrates how spiritual and educational values can serve as the foundation for national revival and international cooperation, attracting researchers, tourists and the global public.

Amir Temur occupies a distinguished place in world history as an outstanding statesman, military commander, and the creator of one of the largest empires of his time. The late 14^th and early 15^th centuries were a period of profound political transformations; against this backdrop, Temur succeeded in uniting vast territories stretching from India to the Middle East, establishing a powerful state with a resilient system of governance.

Diplomacy played a pivotal role in his policy. Amir Temur established contacts with European nations, including France, England and Castile; his victory over the Ottoman Sultan Bayezid I at the Battle of Ankara (1402) shifted the balance of power between the East and the West. The Spanish Ambassador Ruy González de Clavijo, who visited Samarkand in 1404, noted the state’s high level of organization, its advanced infrastructure and profound respect shown to foreign envoys.

Samarkand became the capital of the empire, evolving into a cultural and economic hub where the trade routes of China, India, Europe and the Middle East intersected. The city was distinguished by its multi-ethnic population, a sophisticated handicraft system, magnificent architecture, well-tended gardens, advanced irrigation systems and bustling commercial streets.

Amir Temur also established a unique legal foundation for his empire. According to the “Institutes of Temur” (Tuzuk-i-Temuri), the state rested upon four pillars: counsel, discussion, a deliberate plan and decisiveness. Nine-tenths of state affairs were resolved through consultation and prudent measures, and only one-tenth by the sword. This principle reflects the priority of diplomacy and legal resolutions over military force, emphasizing the balance of justice and resolve in governance.

Temur’s social policy was aimed at ensuring order, justice, and economic growth. He supported handicrafts, trade and agriculture, while maintaining strict oversight over officials and punishing abuses of power. Simultaneously, he cared for the welfare of the populace by resettling skilled artisans and creating the necessary conditions for the sustainable development of the state.

Following the passing of Amir Temur, his successors - the Timurids - continued the development of the state, placing particular emphasis on science, culture and education. This period is referred to as the Second Renaissance of Central Asia, characterized by an intellectual and artistic flourishing comparable to the European Renaissance. The most prominent figure of this era was Mirzo Ulugbek, who established one of the preeminent observatories of his time and made significant contributions to astronomy, mathematics, architecture and the arts. His scholarly works influenced not only Islamic but world civilization, laying the groundwork for future scientific discoveries.

Today, the Timurid legacy is preserved within the Center of Islamic Civilization in Tashkent, which houses unique exhibits demonstrating the cultural and spiritual richness of that era. Among them is a fragment of the Quran transcribed by the calligrapher Umar Aqta for Amir Temur, widely known as the “Baysunghur Quran”. This manuscript represents a triumph of calligraphy over ornamentation: the harmonious, powerful forms of the letters and the precise flow of ink create a magnificent visual impact. The Center preserves a single line of this Quran, allowing visitors to experience the grandeur of Timurid art and understand how the culture of letters shaped the spiritual identity of the state.

A place of particular distinction is held by the Timurid/Mughal talismanic shirt - a protective garment crafted in court workshops to provide the wearer with divine safeguarding and blessings. The dense cotton is entirely covered with Quranic inscriptions, including the Shahada and the 99 Names of Allah, while the back features a verse from Surah Yusuf (12:64): “Indeed, Allah is the best guardian, and He is the most merciful of the merciful”. This shirt symbolizes Divine protection and the wearer’s spiritual connection with the Almighty, reflecting the religious depth and artistic mastery of the Timurid era.

Finally, the key to the sacred Kaaba (dated approximately 1425-1426), crafted from brass with silver inlay and inscriptions, preserves the historical memory of the era and its spiritual significance. Together with other exhibits, it enables contemporary visitors to experience the intellectual and cultural ascent of the Second Renaissance and to realize how the spiritual and educational achievements of the past established the foundation for the development of civilization.

Center of Islamic Civilization in Tashkent is not merely a museum but a living educational platform. The architectural concept of the complex harmoniously integrates Timurid traditions with modern technologies, symbolizing the unity of the past and the present. Its 65-meter dome and four golden gates represent the convergence of all regions of Uzbekistan, evoking a sense of monumentality and historical continuity.

Center’s exposition is structured around the principle of “Civilization – Personalities – Discoveries” and spans key historical epochs: the pre-Islamic period, the First and Second Renaissances, Timurid era and contemporary New Uzbekistan. Visitors can not only observe unique artifacts but also interact with them through VR and AR technologies, holograms and artificial intelligence, making history vibrant and tangible.

Center integrates a diverse range of educational and cultural functions: interactive laboratories, including the “1001 Inventions” for children, a library with a collection of over 200,000 volumes, calligraphy schools, and digital archives. It also serves as a hub for offices of international organizations, including UNESCO, ICESCO, IRCICA and OCIS. This creates a space where traditions and innovations coexist and complement each other, stimulating the advancement of science and culture.

The Timurids and the Baburids - including the fragment of the Quran transcribed by Umar Aqta, the talismanic shirt and the key to the Kaaba - are seamlessly integrated into the exposition, allowing visitors to trace how this historical heritage shaped the intellectual and spiritual potential of the region. Through this approach, Center becomes not merely a repository of knowledge, but a living bridge between the Second and the Third Renaissance, ensuring the continuity of traditions and inspiring new generations toward scientific, cultural and spiritual achievements.

The legacy of Amir Temur and his successors plays a pivotal role in the modern world, particularly in shaping the cultural identity of Uzbekistan and fostering international cultural dialogue.

Firstly, it serves as the cornerstone of national identity. The history of the Timurids demonstrates the high level of statehood, science and culture of the region, while their legal and social traditions, reflected in the “Institutes of Temur”, provide an exemplary model of the balance between justice and resolve in governance.

Secondly, the diplomatic experience of Amir Temur remains highly relevant today. His ability to synchronize military strength with flexible and respectful diplomacy serves as an enduring model for contemporary foreign policy and international cultural engagement.

Thirdly, the cultural heritage of the Timurid dynasty fosters international exchange and tourism development. Architectural monuments in Samarkand, Shakhrisabz and other cities attract scholars and visitors from around the world. Exhibits at the Center of Islamic Civilization - including a Quran fragment transcribed by Umar Akta, talismanic Baburid shirt and the key to the Kaaba - allow contemporary visitors to experience the spiritual and intellectual power of the Second Renaissance firsthand.

In this manner, Center of Islamic Civilization becomes the cornerstone of the Third Renaissance, bridging the past and the present while inspiring a new generation toward scientific and cultural achievements.

Center of Islamic Civilization in Tashkent is not merely a museum, but a living bridge between the past and the future. It integrates the spiritual, cultural, and educational accomplishments of Central Asia, creating a space for scientific research, learning and international cooperation.

The legacy of Amir Temur and the Timurids, reflected in the exhibits and the architectural concept of the Center, demonstrates how spiritual and intellectual values can serve as the foundation for national revival. Quranic fragments, talismanic shirts, ceremonial keys and architectural symbols embody the ideas of Divine protection, science and enlightenment, creating a unique cultural space.

The project serves as the cornerstone of the Third Renaissance of New Uzbekistan, inspiring the modern generation toward achievements in science, education and spiritual sphere. Center of Islamic Civilization is evolving into an intellectual and cultural locomotive for the region, fostering the unification of humanity on the path to peace, harmony, and progress, following the great divine command of “Iqra” - “Read in the name of your Lord”.

Dunyo IA

PRESS RELEASE

International Scientific and Practical Conference dedicated to the 690th   Anniversary of the birth of Sahibkiran Amir Temur

“The image of Sahibkiran Amir Temur,

having become a symbol of our

national statehood, continues to provide

immense spiritual strength to our people

in realizing our identity and restoring

our ancient traditions and values”,

 Shavkat Mirziyoyev

An International Scientific and Practical Conference titled “The role and significance of the civilization of Amir Temur and the Timurids in world history and culture” was organized in the city of Tashkent to mark the 690th anniversary of the birth of Sahibkiran Amir Temur.

This prestigious forum was held at the Center of Islamic Civilization in Uzbekistan, established at the personal initiative of President Shavkat Mirziyoyev.

This international scientific and practical conference serves as a vital platform for scholarly dialogue, aimed at the profound study of national heritage and its extensive promotion on a global scale. It further seeks to re-evaluate the scientific and spiritual achievements of the Timurid era through the lens of modern science.

The conference was organized at the initiative of the Government of Uzbekistan, in cooperation with several ministries, agencies, research institutions, and international organizations. It featured the participation of prominent local and foreign scholars, historians, Orientalists, art historians, archaeologists and political scientists, alongside distinguished faculty members from prestigious universities.

OPENING CEREMONY

The solemn opening ceremony of the conference was organized at the highest level. It was attended by prominent state and public figures, leading scholars, representatives of international organizations and members of the diplomatic corps. In their addresses, the speakers specifically emphasized the persona of Amir Temur and his pivotal role in establishing traditions of statehood, justice and a strong centralized system of governance.

Furthermore, it was noted that science, culture, and art flourished during the Timurid era, and this legacy continues to serve the progress of world civilization to this day. The conference participants emphasized that such events are of paramount importance for comprehending historical heritage and transmitting it to future generations.

INTERNATIONAL PARTICIPATION

The conference featured leading scholars, historians, Orientalists, archaeologists and political scientists from numerous countries, including Türkiye, France, Italy, Germany, the United States, the United Kingdom, Russia, China, India, Iran, Kazakhstan and others, who engaged in an extensive exchange of scholarly perspectives.

In their reports, the participants presented the findings of scientific research on the history of the Timurid era, public administration, science, culture, architecture and international relations. Foreign experts placed particular emphasis on the global significance of this legacy and its role in the cultural dialogue between European and Asian civilizations.

KEY THEMES AND DISCUSSIONS

The following priority topics were extensively discussed during the conference:

• Amir Temur’s strategy in state administration and military art;
• The development of science and the education system during the Timurid era;
• The role of Samarkand and Herat in world civilization;
• Architectural and urban planning traditions of the Timurid period;
• Manuscripts, miniature art, and cultural heritage;
• International diplomacy and trade relations during the Timurid era;
• The study of the Timurid legacy in modern research.
• Additionally, the conference featured various thematic exhibitions, displays of rare manuscripts and specialized scholarly dialogues.

OBJECTIVES AND SIGNIFICANCE

The primary objective of the conference is to facilitate a comprehensive, evidence-based study of the legacy of Amir Temur and the Timurid era, to further elucidate its role in world civilization and to strengthen international scientific cooperation.

In addition to promoting historical heritage, this event served to educate the younger generation in the spirit of respect for national values, while stimulating scientific research and fostering the formation of new academic disciplines.

At the conclusion of the conference, a set of scientific findings, proposals, and recommendations was developed. It was emphasized that these results will serve as a vital strategic foundation for the future study and promotion of the Timurid legacy.