“Uzbekistan - 2030” strategy, adopted on 11 September 2023, identifies sustainable economic growth, the establishment of modern education, healthcare and social protection systems, creation of favorable environmental conditions, building a just and modern state and guaranteed national sovereignty and security as its priority areas. At the core of all reforms is the aim to increase citizens’ welfare, strengthen public trust in the state and ensure confidence in the future. The strategy represents a shift from goal-setting to results-based management, with clear accountability, measurable outcomes and linked financing.

Since its adoption, Uzbekistan has achieved significant progress. Between 2023 and 2025, nominal GDP rose from USD 107.5 billion to USD 140 billion, while exports, foreign investment and innovative activity also grew. Social indicators reflect the reforms’ impact: unemployment fell from 6.8% to 4.9% and poverty decreased from 11% to 6.8%.

What are the reasons for updating the “Uzbekistan - 2030” Strategy?

The need to accelerate the country’s further development has prompted the update of the strategy and its target indicators. The “Uzbekistan - 2030” Strategy has been revised in light of both external and internal factors.

External factors include the global geopolitical environment, international economic trends, technological innovations, environmental and natural changes and the growing demand for energy and water resources. Internal factors encompass demographic growth, urbanization and migration, which require strengthening institutional quality and improving governance efficiency.

In response to these challenges, a draft of the “Uzbekistan - 2030” Strategy for 2026-2030 has been developed and published for nationwide public discussion.

Within the updated Strategy, while retaining the same five priorities and 100 goals, certain tasks and performance indicators have been revised. Many of the previously established targets have already been achieved and new objectives have been added, resulting in an expanded and updated set of performance indicators. Moreover, the document specifies the responsible ministries and agencies as well as the concrete funding sources required to achieve each goal.

In which areas do the reforms provide “mechanisms for change”?

Economy. The largest number of tasks and performance indicators fall under “II. Ensuring the well-being of the population through sustainable economic growth.” The Strategy sets a target GDP of USD 240 billion by 2030 through measures such as maintaining annual inflation at 5–6%, ensuring fiscal stability, enhancing the country’s investment attractiveness, efficiently utilizing domestic raw materials and developing high-tech-based industry and services. The plan also emphasizes deepening Uzbekistan’s integration into global transport and logistics networks and strengthening the export potential of the national economy.

Transitioning to a green economy, transforming the country into a regional “IT HUB” through digital technology development, increasing competition in the banking sector, creating the most favorable conditions for entrepreneurial activity and implementing comprehensive regional development will generate new jobs, ensure employment and increase citizens’ incomes. These measures are expected to reduce poverty, enhance overall well-being and stimulate the growth of key economic sectors, particularly construction, tourism and the service industry.

Education. The Strategy also aims to create favorable conditions for realizing the potential of the youth as well as developing the education and healthcare sectors. Under “I. Creating dignified conditions for the realization of each person’s potential,” performance indicators have been established to achieve goals by 2030, such as ensuring that 50% of graduates from general education schools and academic lyceums receive higher education and secure employment in sectors offering fair wages. Additionally, the inclusion of 10 higher education institutions in the global top-1000 rankings (QS, THE, ARWU) will enhance the competitiveness of Uzbek youth not only in domestic labor markets but also internationally.

The implementation of a cluster system “enterprise – university – research organization” will contribute to the expansion of innovative products in the economy’s “driver” sectors. The Strategy envisions the creation of spin-off type production clusters at higher education institutions to accelerate the process of integrating scientists’ research ideas into economic practice in areas such as transport and logistics, agricultural production, energy, biotechnology, geology and metalworking, mechanical engineering and electronics. Developing science, especially among youth, will improve Uzbekistan’s position in the Global Innovation Index and enable the country to enter the list of the top 60 most innovative nations worldwide.

Health. It is often said that a person’s education reduces health risks and increases life expectancy, while health - physical, mental and social - is the foundation for a full life and self-realization. The Strategy sets goals for the next five years to increase the average life expectancy of the population, reduce premature mortality from cardiovascular diseases (ages 30–69), cancer and respiratory diseases and decrease the incidence of life-threatening congenital defects in newborns. In maternal and child healthcare, nine performance indicators have been established. The Strategy also prioritizes promoting healthy nutrition and lifestyles among the population and reducing adult obesity rates.

Social Protection. For vulnerable segments of the population, the state will continue its policy of fundamentally improving the system of professional social services, establishing a new support system for persons with disabilities and creating a comfortable and favorable environment for them. For children left without parental care, 100% implementation of alternative, non-institutional forms of care will be ensured and for children with special educational needs, coverage by inclusive education will be increased.

The state pays special attention to the expansion of women’s rights and opportunities. Different cultures have diverse perceptions of the roles of men and women, shaped by history, religion and traditions. At the same time, globalization and potential prospects for the country’s development require the implementation of policies ensuring gender equality and increasing the social and political activity of women. The draft Strategy includes tasks such as expanding the number of women trained in professional and entrepreneurial skills, increasing the number of women actively using information and communication technologies, raising the share of women in leadership positions to over 30 percent, and regulating family relations in households experiencing conflict or on the verge of divorce.

Ecology, Law and Security. The priorities of “Conservation of water resources and environmental protection”, “Ensuring the rule of law and organizing public administration oriented toward serving the people” and “Consistent continuation of a policy based on the principle of a safe and peaceful state” are also included in the Strategy, with specific tasks and performance indicators outlined.

Mechanisms for Achieving Goals for Each Priority

The mechanisms for achieving goals under each priority are reflected in strategic documents. For example, to implement the objectives of the priority “Conservation of water resources and environmental protection”, the National Climate Strategy for Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation and the Strategy for Industrial Waste Management have been developed.

To develop the driver sectors of the economy and achieve GDP growth to 240 billion dollars by 2030, sectoral strategies have been formulated: Strategy for the Development of Industry of Uzbekistan, Strategy for the Development of the Automotive Industry, Strategy for the Development of Light Industry, Strategy for the Development of the Building Materials Industry, Strategy for the Development of the Jewelry Industry, Strategy for the Development of Tourism in Uzbekistan, Strategy for the Modernization, Accelerated and Innovative Development of the Construction Sector and others.

The development and implementation of strategic documents at the regional level will allow achieving goals and objectives in a comprehensive and targeted manner. For instance, Strategies for Comprehensive Development of All Spheres by 2030 in each region of the country consider socio-economic development through the lens of the local economy and the well-being of the population. The development of such documents involves not only local authorities but also leading ministries and agencies, including the Ministry of Economy and Finance, Ministry of Investments, Industry and Trade, Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Digital Technologies, Ministry of Employment and Poverty Reduction, Ministry of Energy, National Committee on Ecology and Climate Change and others.

The development of sections of the Strategy involved national think tanks, such as the Institute of Macroeconomic and Regional Research, Center for Economic Research and Reforms, etc. This demonstrates that Uzbekistan implements a scientifically grounded policy (evidence-based policy), where decision-making in various spheres - economy, social policy, ecology, law and security - is based on scientific data, forecasts and expert assessments to achieve medium- and long-term goals.

Key expected outcomes until 2030 (macro outcomes)

The main outcomes of the updated “Uzbekistan – 2030” Strategy are expressed through economic, social, environmental, and other indicators. In the economic sphere, it is expected to achieve macroeconomic stability and sustainable GDP growth up to USD 240 billion, transform the country into a regional “IT HUB” and enter the top 60 most innovative countries in the world, deepen the republic’s integration into global transport and logistics networks and strengthen the export potential of the national economy. Creating a favorable business climate and sustainable jobs as well as ensuring employment for the population, will help reduce income inequality and poverty, with the elimination of absolute poverty based on minimum consumer expenditure and reducing its level to zero percent.

In the social sphere, Strategy provides for creating decent conditions to realize the potential of young people and improving education and healthcare, reflected in target indicators such as increasing life expectancy to 78 years, achieving 80% coverage of children in kindergartens, and 50% coverage in higher education. It also aims to enhance the quality of university education, include 10 higher education institutions in the TOP-1000 rankings of the world’s most prestigious universities (QS, THE, ARWU) and implement a cluster system connecting enterprises, universities and research organizations.

In the environmental sphere, the Strategy envisions continuing the transition to a green economy, introducing green energy technologies, constructing buildings that meet “green” standards, promoting a culture of rational water use, developing water-saving technologies, preventing air pollution and mitigating the negative impacts of climate change.

Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor D.M. Karimova

Institute of Macroeconomic and Regional Studies

Republic of Uzbekistan

The evolution of the Organization of Turkic States (OTS) has attracted particular attention from the international expert community, especially in the context of sustainable development, where Uzbekistan’s accession in 2019 became a catalyst for creating new opportunities for joint progress among Turkic countries.

Originally established on October 3, 2009, as the Cooperation Council of Turkic-Speaking States, the organization has undergone significant institutional evolution and was officially renamed the Organization of Turkic States at the 8th Summit in Istanbul on November 12, 2021. This decision reflected not only the deepening interaction among member states but also their shared aspiration to develop a collective approach to contemporary risks and challenges related to the sustainable development of the Turkic world—a role in which Uzbekistan soon assumed a prominent position.

Uzbekistan’s policy within the OTS has been primarily manifested in the economic sphere, where deeper integration has become not only a sign of growing mutual trust but also a practical foundation for jointly ensuring stability and sustainable development.

By 2024, mutual trade among OTS member states exceeded $45 billion, and the combined GDP of the five member states reached $1.9 trillion, demonstrating increasing economic interdependence. According to data from the Center for Economic Research and Reforms (CERR), Uzbekistan’s trade turnover with OTS countries grew from $3.34 billion in 2016 to $9.4 billion in 2023, reaching $10 billion by 2024—nearly triple the figure from seven years earlier.

This dynamic growth in economic ties has not only strengthened mutual interest among OTS countries in regional stability but also laid a solid foundation for a new approach to security—one actively promoted by Uzbekistan in its foreign policy.

An analysis of initiatives put forward by President of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev at OTS summits confirms Tashkent’s consistent and systematic approach to strengthening regional security. In place of the traditional military-political dimension, Uzbekistan advocates a model in which security is understood as the outcome of sustainable development, interconnectedness, and long-term, structured cooperation.

This approach is embodied in the following strategic directions, covering key aspects of contemporary security:

First, Uzbekistan was among the first in the region to propose cooperation in responding to systemic threats. During the COVID-19 pandemic (April 2020), Tashkent proposed establishing a permanent mechanism for epidemiological surveillance, a coordination group under the OTS Secretariat, and partnership arrangements with the World Health Organization (WHO).

Following the earthquake in Türkiye (March 2023), Tashkent initiated the creation of an OTS platform for practical cooperation on disaster prevention and response, as well as the development of a multilateral agreement on risk reduction and the establishment of a Natural Disaster Monitoring Center in Tashkent.
All these measures aim at early warning, reducing vulnerability, and enhancing collective resilience—key elements of preventive security.

Second, Uzbekistan advances sustainable development through deeper economic interconnectivity.

In transport, Uzbekistan proposed joint use of the multimodal corridor “Tashkent–Karakalpakstan–Aktau–Baku–Tbilisi–Kars–Istanbul,” implementation of a “single window” system and “green corridors” along the Trans-Caspian route, and full digitalization of road transport through the eTIR system. In 2022, Uzbekistan and Azerbaijan became the first countries to successfully carry out a transport operation using electronic eTIR carnets.

In food security, Uzbekistan proposed developing a multilateral agreement on supply systems and cooperation with the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).

In the environmental sphere, Tashkent proposed establishing a Turkic environmental protection body headquartered in the Aral Sea region, forming an Environmental Council, and adopting a “Turkic Green Energy Transition” concept.
All these initiatives create an infrastructure-economic foundation for security, reducing dependence on external shocks and strengthening regional autonomy.

Third, Tashkent’s key contribution lies in promoting the institutionalization of the OTS. At the Samarkand Summit (November 2022), Uzbekistan proposed creating dedicated ministerial-level committees on energy, IT, healthcare, and other sectors.

Later, Uzbekistan initiated hosting the headquarters of strategically important OTS bodies in Tashkent, including the Emergency Response Center, the Council of Railway Administrations, the Turkic Investment Bank, the Research Center for Human Capital Development, and the Academy of Space Research.

During Uzbekistan’s OTS Chairmanship (2022–2023), over 100 events were held, and new cooperation platforms were established, including the Organization of Trade Unions of Turkic States and the Institute for Drought Prevention.
These measures enhance joint preparedness and rapid response capabilities to contemporary challenges, strengthen trust among member states, and support sustainable development.

Fourth, alongside deepening cooperation in humanitarian, economic, and legal spheres, Uzbekistan consistently develops avenues of interaction related to coordinating responses to threats to regional stability.

For example, at the Shusha Summit in July 2024, Uzbekistan proposed formulating unified OTS approaches to the Afghan issue in light of the new regional realities. Such initiatives reflect Tashkent’s commitment to consolidating foreign policy positions and developing a coordinated strategy on the most sensitive issues of regional stability.

Thus, Uzbekistan’s initiatives within the OTS form a comprehensive, prevention-oriented model of sustainable development, in which humanitarian, economic, environmental, and political components are viewed as interdependent. Tashkent’s approach not only aligns with current trends in international relations but also creates conditions for strengthening the strategic autonomy of the Turkic world amid global fragmentation.

However, it should be noted that this model is not developed in isolation. On the contrary, it is organically complemented by the OTS’s external openness and its aspiration to integrate into the international architecture of relations through cooperation with key global and regional institutions. This helps avoid duplication, enhances the legitimacy of OTS initiatives, and aligns them with international standards.

In this process, Uzbekistan plays a significant role by consistently promoting synergy between the OTS and multilateral platforms, particularly in epidemiological, environmental, and humanitarian areas.

The OTS maintains especially close cooperation with the United Nations and its specialized agencies. Uzbekistan’s 2021 initiative to establish a Turkic environmental body under UN auspices, headquartered in the Aral Sea region, directly integrates regional efforts into the global environmental agenda.

Proposals for cooperation with the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) (2022) and collaboration with the World Health Organization (WHO) (2020) further demonstrate the desire to leverage the UN’s expertise and institutional capacity to implement homegrown security mechanisms.

Additionally, Tashkent initiated partnerships with the UN Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR) and the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) in the context of establishing the Natural Disaster Monitoring Center (2023), underscoring the OTS’s commitment to the principles of sustainable development and preventive security enshrined in the UN 2030 Agenda.

Simultaneously, the OTS is expanding its international presence: in 2024, the organization obtained observer status in the Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO), submitted similar applications to the UN and the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), and strengthened ties with the EU and OSCE through its European office in Budapest. At the Budapest Informal Summit (May 2025)—the first ever organized by an observer country—the Budapest Declaration was adopted, reaffirming the OTS’s commitment to combating terrorism, cyber threats, and organized crime.

This foreign policy orientation is also confirmed by assessments from international analytical circles.

According to an analytical report by the Global Security Research Center at the Geneva Centre for Security Policy (GCSP), the OTS demonstrates a unique model of regional cooperation that combines cultural identity with pragmatic measures to reduce vulnerability to transboundary threats. Experts from the “AIR Center” (Azerbaijan) note that for Central Asian countries and Azerbaijan, the OTS has become a strategic shield against external threats and a platform for asserting independence.

Thus, the OTS not only strengthens the collective resilience of its member states to external challenges but also creates a space for developing joint approaches to implementing projects aimed at the sustainable development of Turkic countries.

In this regard, Uzbekistan consistently promotes a comprehensive, prevention-oriented model for addressing risks and factors undermining sustainable development, in which traditional threats are complemented by non-traditional challenges—from pandemics and natural disasters to destructive ideologies. Particular emphasis is placed on building trust through humanitarian diplomacy, youth initiatives, cultural rapprochement, and institutional cooperation.

In the context of regional stability, Uzbekistan advocates for unified approaches to the Afghan issue, supports counter-terrorism and anti-organized crime efforts, and initiates mechanisms for collective crisis response.

The adoption of the Charter of Turkic Peace at the 11th OTS Summit in Bishkek, along with President Shavkat Mirziyoyev’s proposal at the same forum to sign a Treaty on Strategic Partnership, Eternal Friendship, and Brotherhood among Turkic States, became pivotal factors in shaping a long-term architecture of trust and shared responsibility.

Overall, Uzbekistan’s initiatives within the OTS represent a comprehensive strategy aimed at creating an alternative model for ensuring sustainable regional development, grounded in the cultural-historical commonality and economic interconnectedness of Turkic countries.

Alisher Kadyrov,

The capital of Uzbekistan will host the 17^th Central Asian International Textile Machinery Exhibition – CAITME 2026. It will inaugurate the traditional Global Textile Days week.

CAITME is a major event for Central Asia's textile and garment industries and, according to an independent audit, the largest specialist exhibition of its kind in the CIS. The exhibition plays an important role in equipping and uprading the region's textile and garment sector, helping manufacturers increase productivity, adopt advanced technologies and strengthen their competitiveness in the international markets.

This year, the exhibition will bring together 250 companies and brands from 17 countries. Germany will be represented by its National Pavilion, while companies from Austria, India, Italy, China, Turkiye, the USA, Switzerland and other leading textile-producing countries will also take part. Registration of participants is in full swing.

As in previous years, the exhibition will feature recognised global leaders in textile machinery manufacturing and suppliers of advanced technologies from Europe and Asia, including Rieter, Uster, Novibra, SSM, Spindelfabrik Sussen, Toyota, Muratec, Truetzschler, Saurer, Picanol, Santoni, Terrot, Habasit, MHMS, Vandewiele NV, Karl Mayer, Staubli, IRO, Biancalani, Ferraro, Epson, Zimmer Austria, Mario Crosta, Itema, Lafer, Motex Di Modiano Guido, Salvade`, Simet, Dettin, Sclavos, Effe, Mahlo, Lonati, Shima Seiki, Andritz Küsters, Brückner, Carl Schmale, Sossna, Texpa, Thies, Groz-Beckert KG, Kaeser Kompressoren, Schott & Meissner, Textima, Tetas, Temsan, Lakshmi Machine Works, Lakshmi Card Clothing, Precitex, Kansai, Brazzoli, Eliar, Guven Celik, West Global, CTMTC, Hengyi, Leadsfon, Rifa, Yingyang, Baoyu, Dyestar, NF Kimya, Eksoy, Deniz Kimya and many more.

Uzbekistan is represented by leading industry players.                    

A highlight of the exhibition will be the innovative TextileExpo Uzbekistan Sourcing Hub Project, which will take place on September 9^th. For the first time in Uzbekistan, textile manufacturers and buyers from retail chains, factories and specialist companies will be able to hold direct business-to-business negotiations in a digital format using Artificial Intelligence.

                                                                                      Dunyo IA

Today, the Consultative Meetings of the Heads of State of Central Asia provide the region’s leaders with a regular platform to align their positions on issues that shape the future of Central Asia as a whole. Over the course of eight summits, direct dialogue has evolved into sustained engagement at the level of national coordinators, relevant ministries and agencies, regions, and business communities. From an economic perspective, it is particularly important that trade, industry, transport, and investment are being addressed with due consideration for the interdependence of national development plans.

Central Asia has arrived at its current model of cooperation within a relatively short period of time. In 2017, President Shavkat Mirziyoyev proposed holding regular meetings of the region’s leaders, and the first such meeting took place in Astana in March 2018. The format was built around direct dialogue, allowing the states themselves to define the range of common issues and coordinate their positions in areas where results depend on the actions of neighboring countries. At the same time, the format has retained its fundamentally consultative nature, based on the independence of its participants.

As the scope of cooperation expanded, the necessary mechanisms were gradually established. In 2021, the establishment of a Business Council was proposed. In 2022, the Treaty on Friendship, Good-Neighbourliness and Cooperation for the Development of Central Asia in the 21st Century was signed. The Council of National Coordinators was established in 2023, and a year later the Central Asia 2040 Concept for the Development of Regional Cooperation was adopted. In this way, political dialogue acquired an institutional and legal framework between summits while preserving the flexibility of the original format.

Uzbekistan’s chairmanship in 2025 significantly strengthened sectoral cooperation. More than 20 major sectoral and interregional events were held, including the Interregional Cooperation Forum at the level of deputy prime ministers. Ahead of the Seventh Consultative Meeting in Tashkent, the first meeting of the Council of Ministers of Trade and Investment of the Central Asian countries and Azerbaijan was held. Discussions focused on practical objectives: increasing mutual trade to USD 20 billion, establishing production facilities under the “Made in Central Asia” brand, and attracting international financial institutions to infrastructure and industrial projects.

The current scale of economic ties makes it possible to pursue more ambitious objectives. By the end of 2025, Uzbekistan’s trade turnover with the Central Asian countries had reached USD 8.3 billion, an increase of 15.2 percent. In the same year, the volume of direct investment and loans attracted from countries in the region amounted to USD 1.3 billion. Growing trade and investment activity is creating a foundation for deeper industrial cooperation and the development of production chains among enterprises across the region.

This is the underlying rationale of “Made in Central Asia.” Enterprises from several countries can participate in the creation of a final product by distributing individual stages of production among themselves. For Uzbek businesses, such a model expands the pool of potential customers and enables production to be planned in response to demand beyond the domestic market. A practical foundation is already taking shape: an Action Plan for the Development of Industrial Cooperation for 2025–2027 has been approved, bilateral investment funds have been established, cross-border trade zones and industrial cooperation centers are being developed, and joint sectoral projects are being implemented.

The economics of production chains is directly dependent on logistics. The China–Kyrgyzstan–Uzbekistan railway, as well as the Trans-Afghan and Trans-Caspian routes, involve different groups of participating countries.

The consultative platform provides an opportunity to coordinate countries’ infrastructure plans, border crossing operations, and logistics hubs in advance. In 2025, Uzbekistan proposed establishing an Infrastructure Development Council at the level of deputy prime ministers in order to place such coordination on a permanent footing.

A more favorable business environment is also being shaped through decisions taken in bilateral and trilateral formats. Since 2023, citizens of Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan have been able to cross the shared border using ID cards. In 2025, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan signed a treaty on the junction point of their state borders. These measures facilitate travel, business contacts, and cross-border trade.

Azerbaijan’s accession as a full-fledged participant in November 2025 expanded the permanent dialogue toward the South Caucasus and brought into the format a country located along the continuation of the Trans-Caspian routes. This makes it possible to address trade, transport, energy, and investment issues within a broader economic geography.

At the same time, the planning horizon is expanding. The Central Asia 2040 Concept established long-term priorities, while at the Tashkent summit Uzbekistan proposed developing a Comprehensive Regional Program for Trade and Economic Cooperation through 2035, adopting a Declaration on a Common Investment Space, and introducing a joint program for the development of e-commerce. For businesses, these initiatives create a more predictable horizon for planning investments, supply chains, and entry into neighboring markets.

Uzbekistan’s proposal to move toward a strategic “Central Asian Community” format also fits within this longer-term perspective, with the aim of strengthening continuity in the implementation of long-term infrastructure, industrial, and investment initiatives.

Following the conclusion of Uzbekistan’s chairmanship, the focus continued to shift toward new forms of economic connectivity. At the informal meeting of the heads of state of Central Asia and Azerbaijan in July 2026, Uzbekistan proposed substantive work on integrated industrial and technological value chains, shared digital services, and investment platforms.

The mechanisms developed in recent years make it possible to connect suppliers across several countries, establish production facilities serving broader markets, attract capital to projects of regional scale, and incorporate logistics considerations from the earliest stages of investment planning. The established channels of cooperation facilitate the transition from strategic priorities to concrete projects while preserving each state’s independence in decision-making. Translating high-level agreements into programs and measurable results is what defines the substance of the next stage.

For Uzbekistan, this represents a qualitatively new scale of regional economic policy. Central Asia is becoming a space where coordinated decisions expand the potential market for national enterprises, connect production capacities, open new routes, and strengthen the foundation for investment. This is precisely where the strategic significance of the platform lies: the countries of the region are themselves shaping the conditions for long-term growth, while Uzbekistan consistently advances initiatives that translate the potential of good-neighborly relations into tangible economic opportunities.

President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev on December 13 took part in a solemn ceremony dedicated to the launch of new energy capacities and the beginning of construction of a number of facilities.

These projects are part of a large-scale work aimed at strengthening the potential of the country's energy system. Last December, five solar and one wind power plants were put into operation. Many new projects were launched during the Head of State's visits to the regions.

Today, 24 projects worth more than $7 billion have been launched. In particular, in Bukhara, Navoi, Namangan and Tashkent regions, 5 solar and wind power plants with a total capacity of about 2.3 thousand megawatts, as well as 5 high-voltage substations have been connected to the network.

For the first time in Uzbekistan, an energy storage system with a capacity of 300 megawatts was created in Andijan and Fergana. A 400 megawatt power plant was put into operation in Kashkadarya, and a modern cogeneration plant was put into operation in Tashkent, and in Andijan, Surkhandarya and Tashkent regions - four small hydroelectric power plants.

In addition, construction of 6 energy facilities with a total capacity of 2.5 gigawatts has started in Fergana, Samarkand, Navoi, Tashkent regions and Tashkent city.

These new projects will generate an additional 9.5 billion kilowatt hours of electricity, save 2.5 billion cubic meters of natural gas and prevent the emission of 4.6 million tons of harmful gases in the coming years.

Most importantly, over 4 million households will be provided with uninterrupted and clean energy. 

This will also set the stage for $4 billion worth of value creation in other sectors of the economy.

In total, in 2025, our country will produce 84 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity, which is 25 billion kilowatt hours or 1.5 times more compared to 2016.

Speaking at the ceremony, President Shavkat Mirziyoyev emphasized that all these projects are implemented through foreign direct investment. Gratitude was expressed to companies from the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Türkiye, China and Germany, as well as international institutions such as the Asian Development Bank, the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, the Islamic Development Bank, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the World Bank for their fruitful cooperation.

Thanks to the open access of the private sector, Uzbekistan's energy sector has attracted about $20 billion of foreign direct investment over the past five years. 

Twenty-four independent energy producers have started to operate in the sector, where previously only the state was present.

In particular, large solar and wind power plants with a total capacity of 3,500 megawatts, equivalent to 10 billion kilowatt-hours, were launched in the green energy sector. This increased the share of “green energy” in the energy system to 16 percent.

As is known, last year the country's GDP reached the historic figure of $100 billion for the first time. By 2030, Uzbekistan's economy should grow to $200 billion.

This will increase the demand for electricity by 1.5 times over the next five years. In addition, under the Paris Agreement, it is planned to reduce harmful gas emissions by 35 percent by 2030.

The President outlined the priority areas of work in the energy sector.

First, 19 thousand megawatts of additional “green capacity” will be built by 2030, and the share of renewable energy will be increased to 54 percent. Already by 2025, 18 solar and wind power plants with a capacity of 3.4 thousand megawatts and energy storage systems with a capacity of 1.8 thousand megawatts are planned. This will increase green energy production to 12 billion kilowatt-hours next year. Also within two years, a large-scale project will be implemented in cooperation with private partners to create more than 2,000 small and micro-hydroelectric power plants.

Second, liberalization of the electricity market will continue. By the end of next year, it is planned to create a competitive wholesale electricity market. Public-private partnership will be introduced in the sphere of energy distribution, and $4 billion of investments will be attracted for the modernization of networks. The first project of transferring the management of regional power grids to the private sector has been developed in Samarkand region, and an international tender has been announced.

Third, the expansion of international cooperation in the field of “green energy”. Within COP-29, agreements were signed with Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan and Saudi Arabia on joint export of “green energy” to Europe. Jointly with neighboring countries a single platform has been launched to ensure the stability of the regional energy system.

Fourth, development of “green energy” as a new driver for other sectors of the economy and improvement of living standards of the population. 

Solar panels with a total capacity of 1,000 megawatts have already been installed, which makes it possible to produce 1.5 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity annually. Support for “green” initiatives will continue with the introduction of dual education for the training of specialists.

- Today's event opens a new page in the history of our country's energy sector. These projects will not only ensure economic growth, but also will create an environmentally friendly and sustainable future for our descendants - said Shavkat Mirziyoyev.

The ceremony was addressed by Minister of Energy and Infrastructure of the United Arab Emirates Suhail Mohamed Al Mazrouei, Minister of Energy and Natural Resources of Türkiye Alparslan Bayraktar and Minister of Energy of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Prince Abdulaziz bin Salman Al Saud.

By pressing a symbolic switch, President Shavkat Mirziyoyev launched the operation of 18 energy facilities and construction of 6 new projects.

"The issue of water scarcity is becoming increasingly urgent worldwide. Therefore, from the very first days of our reforms, we have made the rational use of water a priority of state policy."

Shavkat Mirziyoyev,
President of the Republic of Uzbekistan

Water is our most priceless blessing. Wherever it flows, there is life, prosperity, and well-being. Since ancient times, human civilization has taken shape along the water's edge, where cities have risen and agriculture has flourished. Water is not only a daily human necessity, but also a strategic asset that shapes the development of nations and the future of peoples.

However, water, which has been a source of life for centuries, is today becoming a serious challenge for humanity. Climate change, rising global temperatures, shrinking glaciers, and intensifying droughts demand a fundamental reassessment of our approach to water resources.

This issue holds particular significance for Uzbekistan. Nearly 90 percent of the water resources used in our country are allocated to agriculture. Amid a growing population and rising economic demand for water, conserving every cubic meter is a vital necessity.

Scheduled to take place in Antalya, Türkiye, from November 9 to 20 this year, the 31st Conference of the Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP31)  will serve as an important platform for discussing these issues on an international scale.

As part of the conference, a summit of heads of state and government is scheduled for November 11–12. For Uzbekistan, this prestigious event will serve as another opportunity to showcase our country's practical experience in climate change adaptation, rational water management, and environmental sustainability to the international community, as well as to discuss new avenues of cooperation.

Water Conservation: A Strategic Goal and Practical Outcome

At the ceremonial event dedicated to the 35th anniversary of our country's independence, President Shavkat Mirziyoyev outlined the priority tasks of the fourth national program, which is aimed at fundamentally changing our attitude toward water and nature. A goal has been set to expand the coverage of croplands with water-saving technologies to 100 percent over the next five years. This means transforming water conservation from an isolated best practice into a universal standard for irrigated agriculture.

Let us analyze the results. For the 2026 growing season, the water withdrawal limit for economic sectors was set at 32.6 billion cubic meters, while 34.2 billion cubic meters of water resources were actually supplied (105 percent of the established limit).

From January to October 2026, 10.69 billion cubic meters of water were saved across the Republic of Karakalpakstan and the regions by implementing the following measures. Specifically:

- 4.935 billion cubic meters through the introduction of water-saving technologies and laser land leveling;

- 3.14 billion cubic meters by repairing, restoring, and lining irrigation networks with concrete;

- 670 million cubic meters through the adoption of digital technologies;

- 1.945 billion cubic meters of water were saved by increasing the share of drought-tolerant crops and implementing additional agrotechnical practices across farmlands.

While water-saving technologies were used on just 28,000 hectares in 2017, their coverage has now reached 2.8 million hectares—nearly 65 percent of all irrigated land.

During the first ten months of this year, water-saving technologies and laser land leveling were implemented across 654,000 hectares.

Specifically, drip irrigation was introduced on 144,000 hectares, and sprinkler irrigation on 28,000 hectares. Surge irrigation and flexible pipe methods were applied on another 110,000 hectares, while plastic mulch irrigation was established on 70,000 hectares.

Furthermore, 302,000 hectares of land were leveled using laser equipment.

Modern Irrigation: A Key Factor in Climate Change Adaptation

Even if water-saving technologies are used in the fields, the expected results cannot be fully achieved if water is lost in transit from the source to the consumer. Therefore, priority is being given to lining canals with concrete, reconstructing hydraulic structures, and modernizing networks.

In 2026, 2.2 trillion soums were allocated for irrigation and land reclamation, resulting in the concrete lining of 1,030 kilometers of inter-farm canals and over 15,000 kilometers of on-farm canals. This helps reduce water seepage into the soil, ensure a stable supply to consumers, and increase the efficiency of existing resource use.

Land Reclamation: A Vital Prerequisite for Food Security

The degradation of irrigated land conditions can lead to lower crop yields, excessive water consumption, and a loss of soil fertility. Therefore, alongside water resource management, Uzbekistan is consistently working to improve the condition of its agricultural lands.

As a result of land reclamation measures implemented during the first ten months of 2026, the total area of saline land in the country decreased by 36,000 hectares compared to the previous year. Notably, heavily and moderately saline areas shrank by 17,000 hectares. Additionally, areas with problematic groundwater levels were reduced by 21,000 hectares.

         Digital Management: Tracking Every Cubic Meter of Water

         The primary prerequisite for effective water resource management is accurate accounting. Without proper measurement, it is impossible to distribute water efficiently or reliably determine the volume of losses.
         To this end, a total of 13,310 "Smart Water" devices have been installed at water management facilities, along with online water meters at 1,915 pumping stations, to track and monitor water resources.

Additionally, 108 major water management facilities have been automated, and an online system for monitoring water levels and volumes has been introduced at 43 large reservoirs.

In collaboration with the Ministry of Digital Technologies and Uzinfocom LLC, the "Water Accounting" information system was integrated with the systems of the Cadastre Agency and the Tax Committee. This has enabled the online generation of water usage statements and the automatic calculation of corresponding taxes.

A "Unified Water Management Platform" has been developed, consolidating all existing information systems in the sector into a single platform.

These upgrades are expanding capabilities to track the movement of water resources in real time, minimize human error in accounting, and make prompt management decisions. Most importantly, digitalization is becoming a vital tool for ensuring accuracy and transparency in water distribution.

 Water and energy conservation: Interconnected tasks

Energy efficiency also plays a crucial role in the development of the water sector. This is because nearly 60 percent of the irrigation water in our country is delivered via pumping stations—a process that consumes vast amounts of electricity.

Modernizing pumping stations, replacing outdated units with energy-efficient equipment, and utilizing renewable energy sources simultaneously deliver both economic and environmental benefits.

Over the first ten months of this year, 172 pumps and 168 electric motors that had reached the end of their service life were replaced across the ministry's system.

To harness alternative energy sources, solar photovoltaic panels with a total capacity of 15,660 kilowatts and 66 capacitor units were installed.

As a result of the measures taken, electricity consumption has been steadily declining. Specifically, while annual electricity consumption at pumping stations stood at 8.3 billion kWh in 2017, this figure is projected to drop to 6.3 billion kWh by 2026. This represents a reduction of 2 billion kWh per year, or nearly 24 percent, compared to 2017.

Regional Cooperation — A Guarantee of Shared Water Security

Transboundary rivers account for a large share of water resources in Central Asia. Therefore, using them rationally, strengthening mutual trust among states, and improving cooperation mechanisms are vital for the region's sustainable development.

On international platforms, President of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev consistently champions the fair and efficient use of water resources, joint adaptation to the impacts of climate change, and environmental sustainability in the Aral Sea region.

Climate change knows no national borders. Shrinking glaciers, droughts, and shifts in river flow affect the entire region. Consequently, mutual trust, science-based decisions, and practical cooperation are crucial for managing transboundary waters.

Uzbekistan to Chair the International Fund for Saving the Aral Sea Starting in 2027

On April 22, 2026, at a meeting of the Council of Heads of Founding States of the International Fund for Saving the Aral Sea (IFAS) in Astana, the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Shavkat Mirziyoyev, was elected President of the Fund for 2027–2029. Consequently, starting in 2027, Uzbekistan will assume the chairmanship of this prestigious regional organization. This opens up new opportunities for our country's initiatives in water diplomacy and ensuring environmental security in Central Asia.

During Uzbekistan's chairmanship, key priorities will include mitigating the consequences of the Aral Sea disaster, ensuring the sustainable management of water resources, adapting to climate change, and strengthening regional cooperation. Our Head of State put forward a series of initiatives to institutionally improve the Fund's operations, modernize its legal and financial mechanisms, attract international investments and grants for environmental and social projects, and enhance the effectiveness of ongoing programs.

Our President also proposed launching the "Water of the Future" ("Kelajak Suvi") regional program, aimed at fostering a culture of sustainable water use and broadly introducing water-saving technologies. This initiative will serve to improve water efficiency in agriculture, boost the exchange of advanced technologies and scientific developments, and instill a responsible attitude toward water resources among the younger generation.

At the same time, an initiative was put forward to declare 2026–2036 as the "Decade of Practical Action for the Rational Use of Water in Central Asia." This proposal aims to unite the efforts of the countries in the region amid growing water scarcity, and to elevate cooperation on the mutually beneficial and efficient use of transboundary water resources to a new level.

COP31: From National Experience to Global Cooperation

The upcoming COP31 conference in Antalya holds great significance in terms of translating international commitments to combat climate change into tangible results.

For Uzbekistan, this forum will serve as a vital platform for dialogue on broadly adopting water-saving technologies, developing modern irrigation systems, enhancing digital governance, building climate-resilient infrastructure, and expanding opportunities for international investment and innovative cooperation.

Our country's experience demonstrates the importance of having a clear goal, a consistent state policy, and a practical implementation mechanism in addressing climate change challenges.

Both the scale and the responsibility of the tasks before us are immense. Further expanding the reach of water-saving technologies, reducing losses in irrigation networks, increasing the energy efficiency of pumping stations, fully digitalizing water accounting, and putting scientific achievements into practice will remain the priority areas of our future work.

Today, water management reforms in Uzbekistan are entering a new phase. Most importantly, the approach to water use is shifting: accounting for, conserving, and efficiently using every cubic meter of water is becoming an integral part of state policy, economic development, and environmental security.

In short, the consistent reforms implemented under the leadership of our President Shavkat Mirziyoyev serve not only to advance our country's prosperity, but also to strengthen mutual trust and cooperation across Central Asia. 

Shavkat Khamraev,
Minister of Water Resources of the Republic of Uzbekistan,
Honored Irrigator of Uzbekistan

Three decades of dialogue between Uzbekistan and the Republic of Korea have built a strong foundation of trust, supported by cooperation ranging from major industrial facilities and modern healthcare to education programs and digital government. Today, this partnership is moving to the next level.

The Central Asia–Republic of Korea format offers an opportunity to combine bilateral achievements with the scale of the five countries’ collective market, moving from individual projects toward integrated technology value chains, joint raw material processing, and workforce development for the new economy.

A Partnership That Has Stood the Test of Time

Uzbekistan and the Republic of Korea established diplomatic relations in January 1992. From the outset, ties developed through regular political dialogue at the highest level. A series of reciprocal presidential visits in the 1990s and 2000s established the legal framework for cooperation, opened the door to Korean investment, and strengthened cultural and people-to-people ties. Relations were elevated to a strategic partnership in 2006, and in 2014 the two countries reaffirmed their commitment to further developing and deepening that partnership.

This foundation gave rise to projects that became symbols of bilateral cooperation. One of the most prominent is the Ustyurt Gas Chemical Complex, an approximately $4 billion facility commissioned in 2016. It demonstrated the ability of Uzbekistan and Korean companies to jointly deliver capital-intensive, technologically complex projects, extending cooperation beyond equipment supplies and trade in finished goods.

A new phase began with President Shavkat Mirziyoyev’s state visit to Seoul in November 2017. The visit resulted in a Joint Declaration on the Comprehensive Deepening of the Strategic Partnership and more than 60 documents. The agenda covered e-commerce, support for Uzbekistan’s accession to the World Trade Organization, a knowledge-sharing program, financing from the Export-Import Bank of Korea, and cooperation with Uzbekistan’s Fund for Reconstruction and Development.

The President of Uzbekistan proposed establishing a Korean Business Center as a permanent platform to support businesses and investment projects. Even then, it was clear that relations needed to rest not only on government contacts but also on lasting institutional support for business cooperation.

President Moon Jae-in’s reciprocal state visit to Tashkent in April 2019 marked a major step forward, as the two countries announced a special strategic partnership. The package of agreements and projects exceeded $12 billion, covering investment protection, science and innovation, the peaceful use of outer space, healthcare, energy, mechanical engineering, textiles, and pharmaceuticals.

During President Shavkat Mirziyoyev’s next state visit to the Republic of Korea in December 2021, the agenda centered on three priorities: green development, digitalization, and stronger social protection. His initiatives included establishing an Uzbek–Korean semiconductor and electronics cluster in Tashkent Region that would combine manufacturing, research, and specialist training; creating a regular dialogue between universities and a forum of rectors; and expanding programs run by the Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA).

The lending ceiling under the Economic Development Cooperation Fund (EDCF) was increased to $1 billion for the period through 2023.

The state visit of President Yoon Suk Yeol of the Republic of Korea in June 2024 brought the partnership’s technological focus into sharper relief. The two sides agreed to develop strategic cooperation in critical minerals, renewable energy, transport, agriculture, healthcare, pharmaceuticals, and education. A new package of investment agreements worth $9.6 billion was assembled, while the EDCF lending ceiling for 2024–2027 was raised to $2 billion.

At their meeting in New York in September 2025, President Shavkat Mirziyoyev and President Lee Jae Myung of the Republic of Korea agreed to prepare a long-term program for technological and industrial partnership. Building on earlier cooperation, the proposed program would cover advanced processing of critical raw materials, chemicals, mechanical engineering, agriculture, transport, aviation, and biotechnology.

The Evolution of the Central Asia Plus Format

Today’s challenges increasingly require solutions that extend beyond national borders. Transport corridors do not end at border checkpoints, resilient supply chains depend on multiple interconnected links, and major investors need market scale and compatible regulatory frameworks. The Central Asia Plus format is therefore becoming an increasingly practical tool for development.

This trend has already taken shape as an established framework for cooperation. The C5+1 dialogue between the United States and the five Central Asian countries has operated since 2015 and reached the leaders’ level for the first time in September 2023. In April 2025, Samarkand hosted the first Central Asia–European Union summit, where relations were elevated to a strategic partnership and a €12 billion Global Gateway investment package was announced.

In December 2025, Tokyo hosted the first Central Asia Plus Japan leaders’ summit, although the dialogue itself dates back to 2004. The Republic of Korea has engaged with the region through a multilateral format since 2007. This mechanism is now also being elevated to the highest political level.

The first Central Asia–Republic of Korea summit is scheduled for September 16, 2026, in Seoul. The five countries of the region offer an interconnected market, shared transport routes, and complementary industrial capabilities. Four areas are of particular interest for bilateral discussions: transport and logistics; water, energy, and climate; critical minerals; and digital standards, education, and the mobility of skilled professionals.

The forthcoming summit’s agenda already reflects this logic. Discussions are being prepared on industrial cooperation, critical minerals, artificial intelligence, digital manufacturing, energy, and supply chain resilience. The Republic of Korea has also proposed regular C5+Korea meetings of industry ministers and a business summit.

Central Asia’s Trade with the Republic of Korea

The economic foundations for taking trade to the next level are already in place. According to calculations by the Center for Economic Research and Reforms (CERR), trade between Central Asian countries and the Republic of Korea grew by a factor of 1.7 between 2017 and 2025, reaching $5.7 billion. The region’s exports totaled approximately $1 billion, while imports amounted to $4.7 billion.

Trade has expanded considerably but remains uneven. Central Asia mainly purchases Korean machinery, equipment, vehicles, electronics, chemicals, and pharmaceuticals, while its own presence in the Korean market remains limited.

Kazakhstan accounted for $3.2 billion, or approximately 56% of the region’s trade with Korea, and Uzbekistan for $1.7 billion, or just over 30%. Together, the two countries represented approximately 87% of Central Asia’s trade with Korea. Trade with Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan amounted to $508 million, $196 million, and $45.2 million, respectively.

Investment flows also point to the availability of capital for the next stage of cooperation. In 2025, total direct investment and loans from the Republic of Korea to the region exceeded $1.5 billion. Kazakhstan received approximately $1 billion and Uzbekistan $474.5 million. More than 1,700 enterprises with Korean capital operate across Central Asia.

Uzbekistan’s Trade with the Republic of Korea

In 2025, trade between Uzbekistan and the Republic of Korea totaled $1.7 billion. Korea ranked fifth among Uzbekistan’s trading partners in both total trade and imports. Since 2017, bilateral trade has increased by 25.2%, or $350.2 million.

Exports and imports, however, moved in opposite directions. Uzbekistan’s exports declined from $143.3 million to $61.7 million, while imports from Korea rose from $1.2 billion to $1.68 billion. This gap largely reflects the investment-driven nature of the relationship: Uzbekistan imports equipment and production lines to modernize its industries. In 2025, machinery and transport equipment accounted for 60.7% of imports from Korea, chemicals for 12.8%, and manufactured goods and finished products for more than 16%. In other words, a substantial share of the trade deficit is associated with upgrading production capacity rather than importing consumer goods.

Services accounted for 67.6% of Uzbekistan’s exports to Korea in 2025, followed by raw materials at 13.6%, food products at 5.3%, and finished goods, including textiles, at 3.7%.

Meanwhile, preliminary figures for the first half of 2026 show that bilateral trade increased by 11.5% to $940 million. Exports rose by 21.6% to $33.3 million, while imports grew by 11.2% to $906.8 million.

The potential to expand exports is substantial. The Republic of Korea imports hundreds of billions of dollars’ worth of goods each year, including clothing, cables and wires, footwear, jewelry, polymers, plastics, fertilizers, cotton fabrics, copper pipes, home textiles, nuts, and fresh fruit. Uzbekistan already has an established production base in many of these categories. The constraints often lie in meeting quality certification requirements, order volumes, packaging standards, and delivery schedules. These factors need to be taken into account when developing future export strategies.

Investment with Room to Grow

As of August 1, 2026, Uzbekistan was home to 730 enterprises with Korean capital, including 186 joint ventures and 544 wholly Korean-owned companies. Between 2016 and 2025, direct investment and loans from Korea approached $2 billion, with $474.5 million received in 2025 alone.

Korean investors are active in oil and gas, chemicals, automotive manufacturing, textiles, pharmaceuticals, agriculture, energy, healthcare, transport, construction, and services.

The next phase of investment could build on this foundation by expanding local production, training engineers, and developing industrial clusters. Korean expertise can help establish standards, while the regional market provides the scale needed to launch major new industrial projects and joint production initiatives.

Artificial intelligence could play a particularly important role. Joint pilot projects between Korean technology companies and Uzbek enterprises could quickly demonstrate measurable economic benefits and subsequently be scaled up across other Central Asian countries.

The same logic applies to critical minerals. Central Asia needs to move beyond raw material supplies by developing geological exploration, mineral processing, and the production of high-purity materials and components. Joint projects could combine Korean technology and financing with the region’s resource base.

Bilateral and regional cooperation should be deliberately developed as complementary tracks. The Uzbekistan–Republic of Korea format is well suited to launching targeted local projects, while the Central Asia–Republic of Korea format offers a more effective platform for coordinating transport corridors, supply chains, cross-border standards, and projects that require access to all five markets.

Success at either level reinforces the other: strong national projects can serve as models for the wider region, while regional scale enhances their commercial appeal.

Conclusion

Relations between Uzbekistan and the Republic of Korea are entering a phase in which accumulated trust must translate into a more technologically advanced and diversified economy. Over three decades, the two countries have progressed from establishing diplomatic relations to building a special strategic partnership, delivering major industrial and social infrastructure projects and fostering trust at the highest political level.

The forthcoming Central Asia–Republic of Korea summit could bring regional scale to this progress. It offers an opportunity to turn natural resources into advanced materials, a strategic transit location into efficient logistics services, and a young population into a strong base of human capital. With the region’s most extensive history of cooperation with Korea, Uzbekistan can both benefit from the new format and help shape its agenda and serve as a major center for its implementation.

Developing transport services, industrial zones, and export infrastructure will enable Korean companies to operate across several countries in the region, while helping Uzbek enterprises join international supply chains and enter new markets.

Edvard Romanov
Center for Economic Research and Reforms

The upcoming official visit of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan to the Republic of Türkiye reflects the deepening strategic partnership between the two countries. One of the most dynamic areas of this cooperation is labor migration, built on mutual trust and a shared human-centered vision.

In recent years, Uzbekistan has fundamentally transformed its migration policy, placing human dignity, legal employment, and social protection at the core of its reforms. This approach aims to ensure that citizens working abroad do so safely, legally, and with full respect for their rights.

Cooperation with Türkiye exemplifies this new philosophy. The entry into force of the bilateral agreement on the protection of the rights of labor migrants and their family members marked a significant milestone in strengthening legal and institutional guarantees for migrants.

Regular dialogue between migration and labor authorities, joint forums, and practical coordination mechanisms have contributed to more orderly and transparent labor mobility. Notably, agreements reached to legalize the status of Uzbek citizens without administrative penalties, particularly in sectors with high labor demand, demonstrate a shared commitment to humane and pragmatic solutions.

Another key dimension of cooperation is skills recognition and certification. Collaboration with Türkiye’s professional qualification institutions enables Uzbek citizens to obtain internationally recognized certificates, enhancing their employability both in Türkiye and beyond.

Partnerships with leading Turkish companies further expand legal employment opportunities, including participation in large-scale construction and infrastructure projects. These initiatives are complemented by the active role of Uzbekistan’s Migration Agency representation in Türkiye, which provides legal, social, and advisory assistance to citizens and safeguards their rights.

Today, negotiations have begun between the two countries on developing a “Social Protection” agreement. Through this agreement, Uzbek citizens working in Türkiye and Turkish citizens working in Uzbekistan will be able to reclaim their social insurance contributions. This will allow workers to formalize their employment and secure legal protections.

Uzbekistan and Türkiye view labor migration not as a challenge, but as a driver of development, stability, and human well-being. The forthcoming presidential visit is expected to elevate this cooperation to a new level, reinforcing a model of migration governance rooted in humanity and mutual benefit.

On October 15–16, 2025, the city of Fergana will host the inaugural session of the Fergana Peace Forum under the theme: “The Fergana Valley: Uniting Efforts for Peace and Progress.”

Organized by the Institute for Strategic and Regional Studies (ISRS) under the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, in partnership with colleagues from Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, and supported by national and international organizations, this unique large-scale event will bring together leading experts, researchers, public figures, and representatives of international organizations. Their goal is to discuss the prospects for the development of one of Central Asia’s most densely populated and culturally rich regions — the Fergana Valley.

Experts from prominent think tanks across the CIS, Asia, Europe, and the Americas, alongside academics, business leaders, civil society representatives, and youth leaders from the region, will convene in one place. High-level delegates from international bodies such as the United Nations, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia (CICA), the European Union, and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) are also expected to participate. Renowned peacebuilding organizations including the Berghof Foundation (Germany), the Martti Ahtisaari Peace Foundation (Finland), PeaceNexus (Switzerland), and the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) will be among the invited guests.

More than 300 participants will attend the Forum, including around 150 from Central Asia and over 50 from the CIS, Asia, Europe, and the Americas.

Experts believe the Forum will reinforce the vision expressed by Uzbekistan’s President Shavkat Mirziyoyev at the 80th session of the UN General Assembly — the transformation of Central Asia into a space of peace, good neighborliness, and partnership.

         As President Mirziyoyev has noted, the region is entering the era of New Central Asia. The days of closed borders, unresolved disputes, and conflicts are becoming a thing of the past. Thanks to growing cohesion, stability, and an emerging shared identity, Central Asia is increasingly recognized as an independent and influential actor on the global stage.

         The choice of the Fergana Valley as the Forum’s venue is symbolic. This unique region is where the lifelines of Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan intersect. The established atmosphere of trust, dialogue, and cooperation between these countries exemplifies the good-neighborly policy championed by President Mirziyoyev.

Historical records mention the ancient Fergana state of Davan, especially the cities of Aksikent and Mingtepa, which were famed for their fertile lands, strong defenses, and prized horses. These are documented in Chinese chronicles from the late 2nd century BCE. By medieval times, the valley was one of the leading regions of Mawarannahr (Transoxiana). Archaeological remains from the Bronze Age, Early Iron Age, and medieval periods testify to the valley’s role as a cradle of multiple civilizations.

The Han dynasty historian Sima Qian wrote: “The people live on the land, tilling fields and growing rice and wheat. They live in houses and fortified cities; there are about seventy or more cities of various sizes in this region.” Medieval Arab geographers described Fergana as a land dotted with many cities and villages, surrounded by steppes and mountains, where both urban life and pastoralism thrived.

Cities such as Kokand, Khujand, Osh, and Margilan were centuries-old centers of craftsmanship, trade, and learning. Caravans of the Great Silk Road passed through here; some of the earliest madrasahs were established in the valley. The region became a crossroads for ideas from Persia, China, India, and the Arab world.

         Situated at the intersection of Hellenistic, Bactrian, Parthian, Chinese, and Islamic civilizations, the Fergana Valley is a unique hub of cultural exchange — a legacy evident today in its languages, traditions, cuisine, and architecture.

Experts agree that the peoples of the Fergana Valley form a unified historical and civilizational community — a reality forged over centuries of political, economic, and humanitarian interaction.

The Fergana Valley is living proof that the coexistence of diverse cultures is not only possible but also fruitful. Here, traditions are preserved while new forms of cooperation continuously emerge, from joint celebrations to cross-border initiatives. The region has effectively become a laboratory for cultural convergence, where the ideals of inter-civilizational dialogue are actively realized.

With its rich heritage, dense population, and vast economic potential, the Fergana Valley requires special attention to sustainable development, environmental security, and cross-border cooperation.

Coordinated action and open dialogue are essential here — to foster peace, mutual trust, and progress. The Forum’s agenda addresses a wide range of issues:

• Strengthening regional dialogue and trust;
• Jointly ensuring stability and sustainable development;
• Unlocking the valley’s economic and investment potential;
• Promoting cultural and humanitarian ties;
• Increasing the involvement of civil society, youth, and the private sector in transformation processes.

Special focus will be placed on turning challenges into opportunities and establishing regional cooperation as a firm foundation for peace and prosperity.

The maturity of the Fergana Valley is reflected in its shared historical and cultural foundation, which allows the countries in the region to build dialogue on existing trust rather than starting from zero.

Today, the Fergana Valley is more than a historical symbol — it is a strategic region for sustainable development and economic cooperation. Joint transport and energy projects, cross-border markets, and digital initiatives are driving dynamic growth.

The Fergana Peace Forum is poised to become not just a discussion platform but an ongoing mechanism for generating ideas, uniting efforts, and advancing projects for the benefit of the entire region.

Organizers highlight that the example of the Fergana Valley could serve as a model for post-conflict regions worldwide, where political stabilization must be accompanied by deep cultural and humanitarian work. Real mechanisms of cooperation are being forged here, grounded in a shared historical and cultural legacy that supports peace and development.

Among the anticipated outcomes of the Forum is the adoption of a Communiqué calling for the establishment of a unified space of friendship, good neighborliness, and sustainable development in the Fergana Valley.

Preparatory discussions have already confirmed that the Fergana Valley is a place where the past inspires, the present unites, and the future is built on values of peace and cooperation.

In a world where conflict has become commonplace and the international community searches for new models of sustainable coexistence, the Fergana Peace Forum offers one clear answer: peace begins with trust, and trust begins with open dialogue.

Fergana is not just a point on the map — it is a space where respect becomes the language of communication, friendship forms the foundation of neighborliness, and cultural diversity is a source of unity.

Dr. Alisher Sabirov, Doctor of Historical Sciences,
Professor, Nizami National Pedagogical University, Uzbekistan;
Adjunct Associate Professor, Shaanxi Normal University, People’s Republic of China

The Central Election Commission held a meeting and a series of events today, July 26th. The primary agenda item was the preparation and high-level accomplishment of the upcoming elections for the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis and the Councils of People's Deputies in full compliance with the Constitution and laws.

According to Article 128 of the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan, elections for the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis and the Councils of People's Deputies are scheduled to take place on the first Sunday of the third ten-day period of October in the year their term expires. Considering that the term of the deputies of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis and the Councils of People's Deputies ends in 2024, the elections will be held on October 27th of this year, and the election campaign will begin on July 26th, as decided by the Central Election Commission.

These elections mark a significant departure from the past, taking place in a new socio-political environment as stipulated by our Constitution. The meeting underscored the unique features of these elections, which include:

1. For the first time in Uzbekistan's history, the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis elections will be conducted using a mixed electoral system, combining majoritarian and proportional systems. This significant change will see seventy-five deputies elected directly through the majoritarian system, where voters vote for specific candidates. The remaining seventy-five deputies will be elected based on votes cast for political parties under the proportional system.
2. One of the most significant advancements is the full digitization of election commissions' activities at all levels and their interactions with participants in the election process. This development significantly reduces bureaucracy, time, and document handling in election procedures, ushering in a new era of efficiency in our electoral system.
3. Our election legislation has been fundamentally improved to align with advanced democratic standards. These improvements include introducing a new system for election bodies led by the Central Election Commission and requiring political parties to ensure that at least 40% of their candidates for deputy positions are women. Additionally, a candidate must receive a relative majority of votes to be elected. If a candidate gets more votes than other candidates in their respective electoral district, they will be elected without needing a repeat vote.

4. The elections are taking place in conditions of significantly strengthened parliamentarianism and the powers of representative bodies at the local level, as established by the Updated Constitution. Specifically, the absolute powers of the Legislative Chamber have increased from 5 to 12, and those of the Senate from 12 to 18. The parliament's oversight functions over the activities of executive, judicial, law enforcement agencies, and special services have been expanded. The institution of hokims leading local Councils of People's Deputies is being abolished. To enhance the role of representative bodies in resolving important state issues, 33 powers previously held by hokims have been transferred to local Councils.

The meeting underscored the significance of these elections as a vivid example of democratic state-building in our country and an essential means for citizens to exercise their constitutional rights to vote and be elected to democratic state bodies. The elections will involve the election of 150 deputies to the Legislative Chamber, 65 members to the Senate, 65 deputies to the Jokargy Kenes of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, deputies to 208 district (city) Councils in the regions and Tashkent city, with around 30,000 candidates and nearly 90,000 trusted representatives actively participating. Over 120,000 election commission members and more than 70,000 citizens and international observers are expected to participate in the election process.

Considering the important role of elections in state life and with the aim of widely engaging citizens in this process, the Central Election Commission announced that the elections will be held on October 27th under the slogan “My Choice—My Prosperous Homeland.”

The 'E-Saylov' information system is a key tool in making the election process more transparent and accessible. It facilitates around 60 interactions between election commissions, political party candidates, observers, and the media entirely electronically. Integrated with other electronic platforms, the system automates many procedures in the election process without human intervention. This system forms an extensive database of nearly 400,000 participants in the election process, including election commission members, candidates, and observers. Around 32,000 participants will professionally use the information system, which includes communication through 40 types of SMS notifications.

For citizens, the "E-Saylov" information system introduces several conveniences in obtaining election-related information. Specifically, it provides statistical data on voters and polling stations, information on candidates for various elections, and interactive maps to learn about candidates and their biographies.

The meeting emphasized that the "E-Saylov" information system represents a new level of technological advancement and transparency in elections.

It was also noted that according to Article 37 of the Election Code, political parties have the right to nominate candidates for deputies to the Legislative Chamber and local Councils.

To participate in the elections, political parties must have been registered by the Ministry of Justice at least four months before the announcement of the election campaign and collect at least 40,000 signatures supporting their participation.

Additionally, the meeting approved a calendar plan to ensure that the activities related to conducting the elections are carried out step-by-step within the timelines specified by election legislation. The Central Election Commission, as an impartial and independent constitutional body, will take all necessary measures to prepare for and conduct the upcoming elections in full compliance with national legislation and international election standards, ensuring the process is open and transparent.

A Press Center has also been established under the Central Election Commission.

Central Election Commission

of the Republic of Uzbekistan

On 30 April, the official visit of Czech Prime Minister Andrej Babiš to Uzbekistan came to a close. The visit took place at the invitation of President Shavkat Mirziyoyev. Talks were held at the Kuksaroy residence in both restricted and plenary formats. As a result, the two sides signed a Joint Declaration on the Promotion of Expanded Cooperation along with a package of bilateral agreements covering economic, industrial, and scientific-technological cooperation, as well as the training of diplomatic personnel, collaboration in the fields of geology and metrology, and the supply of electric trains.

It is worth noting that this was already the second visit by a Czech prime minister to Uzbekistan. In April 2023, Petr Fiala visited Tashkent, and in October of the same year Prime Minister Abdulla Aripov made a reciprocal visit to Prague, where he met with Czech President Petr Pavel and signed an Interstate Declaration on Enhanced Cooperation. In September 2025, on the sidelines of the 80th anniversary session of the United Nations General Assembly, Presidents Mirziyoyev and Pavel held a bilateral meeting and discussed specific projects in the areas of investment, innovation, transport, and agriculture. Such intensity of contacts at the highest level is a rare phenomenon in international diplomacy. It testifies to the fact that both sides regard their relationship not as a matter of protocol formality, but as a genuine political priority.

The agenda of the current Uzbek-Czech talks was exceptionally substantive, covering several key areas, each of which merits separate consideration.

First — the expansion of trade, economic, and industrial cooperation. Over recent years, bilateral trade turnover has doubled, which is in itself a significant achievement. Nonetheless, both sides acknowledge that the figures attained merely reflect the existing potential without coming close to exhausting it.

Against this backdrop, the parties set a target of raising the volume of mutual trade to one billion US dollars, including through an expansion of the range of goods supplied. Uzbekistan already hosts 37 joint ventures with Czech capital participation, providing a solid productive foundation for the further development of the partnership.

The principal mechanism governing this process and opening up new avenues for interaction is the The Joint Intergovernmental Commission on Economic, Industrial, and Scientific-Technological Cooperation. Over the years of its operation, the Commission has held ten sessions, the most recent of which took place in Prague in March 2025.

To further stimulate trade, the first Uzbek certification branch in the Czech Republic is being established, while work is simultaneously under way on the construction of a Euro 6 vehicle certification laboratory and a quantum measurement standard — infrastructure facilities without which Uzbek products would face significant barriers to full access to European markets.

In parallel, an agreement has been reached with leading Czech companies on the development of a Technology Cooperation Programme encompassing mechanical engineering, green energy, geology and critical raw materials, as well as chemicals and pharmaceuticals. Furthermore, the Czech Export Credit Insurance Corporation (EGAP) and the Czech Export Bank confirmed their intentions to provide financial support for joint projects. To coordinate the entire economic agenda, it was decided to establish a Business Council, and the next session of the Intergovernmental Commission is scheduled to take place in Tashkent in August of the current year.

The Uzbek-Czech business forum, held on the eve of the visit with the participation of the heads of government of both countries, served as a practical platform for giving the bilateral agenda concrete substance. More than 200 participants discussed prospects for deepening economic cooperation. Particular emphasis was placed on the fact that Uzbekistan's GDP exceeded 145 billion US dollars in 2025 — a figure that is fundamentally transforming international investors' perception of the country.

As a result, Czech companies are increasingly viewing Uzbekistan as a strategic springboard for access to Central Asian markets. The unique combination of dynamic growth, a young population, and a favourable geographical location makes the country one of the most attractive hubs on the Eurasian continent.

Following the forum, a package of cooperation agreements was signed covering mechanical engineering, infrastructure modernisation, and education, while mechanisms for engagement with the Czech Export Bank and EGAP were formalised, providing for preferential lending and risk insurance for high-technology projects.

Second — high-technology cooperation in the transport sector, the symbolic centrepiece of which was the signing of a contract for the supply and maintenance of the first ten Škoda Group electric trains. It should be stressed that the prospects of this project extend well beyond a simple equipment transaction. The plans include the establishment of a joint venture for local assembly and lifetime technical maintenance of rolling stock, as well as the creation of a Škoda Academy for the training of Uzbek specialists.

In this context, Škoda Group CEO Petr Novotný regards Uzbekistan as his company's "number one target" outside Europe, believing that the results achieved there will open the door to markets across Central Asia. For Uzbekistan in turn, this is not merely a technical upgrade, but an opportunity to integrate into European production chains and build domestic technological competences.

Third — cooperation in the fields of education, science, and cultural and humanitarian ties. In this domain, Uzbek-Czech partnership has its deepest roots and the most enduring future. The number of Uzbek students enrolled at Czech universities has grown from approximately 350 in 2020 to between 600 and 700 today, predominantly in technical, economic, agricultural, and IT disciplines. The Czech government's annual award of scholarships for citizens of Uzbekistan provides an additional incentive.

Of particular note is the fact that direct contacts have been established at the inter-university level. The National University of Uzbekistan cooperates with Charles University and the Czech University of Life Sciences Prague; the Tashkent Medical Academy maintains ties with the First Faculty of Medicine at Charles University; and a number of other leading institutions collaborate with Mendel University in Brno. The talks confirmed mutual interest in further expanding academic exchanges, including joint degree programmes, which will open fundamentally new career horizons for students of both countries.

Worthy of mention in this context is also the scientific and archaeological dimension of bilateral ties. Since 2003, Termez State University has been conducting a joint expedition with Charles University of Prague in the Surkhandarya region. Over the past two decades, nine previously unknown Bronze Age sites and fourteen Early Iron Age monuments have been discovered, and maps and inventories of heritage sites across several districts have been compiled. This cooperation has continued regardless of changes in government and shifting political circumstances.

An equally significant aspect is the ongoing exploration of the possibility of resuming direct air services between Tashkent and Prague — a matter that at first glance may appear to be purely logistical, but which in practice opens up new opportunities for tourist, business, and academic contacts alike.

Coming to the fore as well are the prospects for systematic cooperation in the field of labour migration, reflecting the profound qualitative shifts taking place in the labour markets of both Uzbekistan and the Czech Republic.

In sum, assessing the outcomes of the visit, one can state with confidence that Uzbek-Czech relations are entering a qualitatively new phase of development. The intensive high-level dialogue, underpinned by concrete economic initiatives, technological agreements, and institutional mechanisms, lays a solid foundation for a long-term strategic partnership.

The implementation of the agreements reached opens broad prospects for the modernisation of the Uzbek economy, the development of high-technology industries, and the strengthening of human capital. For the Czech Republic, meanwhile, Uzbekistan is becoming not merely a trading partner, but a reliable gateway to one of the most dynamically developing regions of Eurasia.

Bakhtiyor Mustafayev

Deputy Director, Institute for Strategic and Regional Studies under the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan

On November 6, 2026, Astana will host an international conference on “Artificial Intelligence Safety.” The importance of this issue for Uzbekistan’s development is reflected in the planned participation of President Shavkat Mirziyoyev.

The introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies creates new opportunities for economic development and many other areas of society. Their potential benefits are already widely recognized.

The economic impact of AI is primarily reflected in higher labor productivity, as software systems increasingly perform routine and repetitive tasks. This allows enterprises to accomplish more at lower costs, while government agencies can provide public services more quickly and efficiently, improving their quality and reducing budget expenditures.

The high efficiency of AI technologies has triggered an investment boom in the sector. According to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), investment in AI infrastructure is helping sustain global economic growth at around 3%, while contributing an additional 0.2–0.8 percentage points to growth in developing Asian economies. At the beginning of 2025, the global AI market was projected to reach $15 trillion by 2030. More recent estimates exceed $20 trillion. In Uzbekistan, the market for AI-based services could reach $10 billion by 2030.

According to McKinsey, global investment in AI totaled $167.7 billion in 2025. Most of this funding was directed toward data centers, cloud platforms and the development of new AI models. The number of job vacancies related to agentic AI increased more than tenfold over the year, while employees with AI skills earned, on average, 56% more than other workers.

Uzbekistan’s AI Development Strategy

The development of AI technologies has become one of Uzbekistan’s key priorities. Importantly, technological development and the establishment of a regulatory framework are progressing in parallel. In October 2024, Uzbekistan approved its Strategy for the Development of Artificial Intelligence Technologies through 2030.

The strategy envisages increasing the value of AI-based software products and services to $1.5 billion, establishing research laboratories and placing Uzbekistan among the world’s top 50 countries in the AI Readiness Index. A presidential decree issued in October 2025 set the objective of opening 15 AI laboratories at higher education institutions by the end of 2026. In 2026, Uzbekistan joined the World Artificial Intelligence Cooperation Organization (WAICO).

The legal framework for AI development was established in January 2026, when legislation introduced a formal definition of artificial intelligence for the first time. The law also established mandatory human oversight of decisions affecting citizens’ rights and introduced administrative liability for the unlawful processing of personal data using AI. In March 2026, ethical rules governing the use of AI technologies were approved.

At the same time, Uzbekistan is developing the computing infrastructure required for AI applications. Since January 1, 2026, government agencies and enterprises have been permitted to purchase graphics processing units (GPUs) directly from manufacturers’ authorized distributors. A modular AI computing center is scheduled to be established in the Republic of Karakalpakstan by 2027. Under a government resolution dated October 20, 2026, universities, research institutions and startups have been granted access to the AI infrastructure of the Ministry of Digital Technologies free of charge or on preferential terms for up to six months.

AI adoption in Uzbekistan is now moving from individual projects toward systematic implementation. In July 2026, the country’s first NVIDIA-based supercomputer was commissioned at the Digital Government data center, ranking 321st globally in computing performance. During its first month of operation, the computing cluster reached 90% utilization, indicating strong demand for AI computing capacity. Plans call for a threefold expansion of this capacity within the following year.

AI technologies are also gradually becoming part of widely used public services. Taxpayers can receive interactive assistance through the Tax Committee’s ai.soliq.uz portal. Justice authorities provide round-the-clock consultations, while the Customs Committee uses AI to assess risks associated with shipments and customs declarations. By the end of 2026, at least 100 AI-based projects are expected to be implemented in healthcare, energy, banking, transport and agriculture.

Uzbekistan has climbed 25 positions to 62nd place in the international AI Readiness Index, reflecting the progress achieved in this area. The country aims to enter the world’s top 50 by 2030.

Cybersecurity Threats

The development of AI technologies creates not only new opportunities but also additional risks. These are particularly evident in cybersecurity, where AI tools can be used both by law enforcement agencies to strengthen protection and by criminals to conduct illegal activities.

AI systems can analyze millions of operations in real time and operate considerably faster than humans. However, cybercriminals are increasingly exploiting the same capabilities. Fraudulent messages are becoming more convincing, while malicious software can be developed more rapidly. Traditional security measures are proving insufficient against such threats. As a result, global investment in cybersecurity and the resilience of digital systems reached $77.5 billion in 2025.

Combating cybercrime has therefore become a separate priority of Uzbekistan’s public policy. Over the past six years, the number of reported cybercrime incidents has increased 48-fold, while 82% of fraud cases in 2025 occurred in the digital environment.

To counter these threats, Uzbekistan’s Ministry of Internal Affairs, together with the Central Bank, developed an AI-based system that prevented the illegal transfer of 29 trillion sums and blocked more than 18,800 suspicious bank cards during the first half of 2026.

Furthermore, 2026 has been declared the Year of Combating Cybercrime within the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Since the beginning of the year, 17,500 cybercrimes have been solved, while more than 19,000 citizens have recovered losses totaling over 209.9 billion sums. The APK Qo'riqchi platform and the CyberWeek public awareness program have also been launched.

Pressure on Energy, Water Resources and the Labor Market

Beyond cybersecurity threats, the rapid expansion of AI is creating substantial additional pressure on energy systems, water resources and labor markets. These challenges are particularly relevant to Uzbekistan, given its growing electricity demand, limited water resources and young population. Accordingly, special attention is being paid to measures aimed at mitigating these risks.

Energy. Training and operating AI models require large data centers that consume considerable amounts of electricity. Consequently, AI development must be accompanied by a corresponding expansion of electricity generation capacity.

According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), data centers accounted for approximately 1.5% of global electricity consumption in 2024. By 2030, their electricity demand is expected to more than double, reaching 945 terawatt-hours (TWh). Countries that incorporate rising electricity requirements into their AI development plans at an early stage will have an advantage over those that encounter power shortages after launching major projects.

Uzbekistan is pursuing the former approach. The combined planned capacity of the country’s data center projects is approximately 1.4 GW. At full utilization, these facilities would consume around 12.2 billion kWh of electricity annually, equivalent to 14.1% of Uzbekistan’s total electricity generation in 2025.

Four major data centers are planned for Tashkent (500 MW), Bukhara Region (300 MW), Surkhandarya Region (300 MW) and Karakalpakstan (300 MW).

By 2030, national electricity generation is expected to increase from 86.7 billion to 125.8 billion kWh. As a result, the share of electricity consumed by these data centers would decline to 9.7% of total generation.

To meet growing demand, Uzbekistan plans to double its installed power generation capacity from 25.8 GW to 51.6 GW. This expansion will include more than 17 GW of renewable energy capacity and a nuclear power plant in Jizzakh Region.

Water resources. The expansion of data centers also increases demand for water used to cool servers and computing equipment.

Evaporative cooling systems consume approximately 1.8 liters of water per kilowatt-hour. At a continuous load of 1.4 GW, this would correspond to roughly 60,000 cubic meters of water per day.

Given Uzbekistan’s existing water constraints, water consumption is being considered at the planning stage of AI infrastructure development. Air cooling, direct liquid cooling and the use of industrial water can reduce freshwater consumption severalfold.

Incorporating these requirements into projects from the outset would allow Uzbekistan to develop its data center infrastructure while minimizing competition with agriculture for limited water resources.

Labor market. According to IMF estimates, AI could partially or fully automate tasks associated with approximately 40% of jobs worldwide.

Occupations involving repetitive activities, including accountants, call center operators, administrative staff and entry-level programmers, are among those most exposed to automation. At the same time, demand is increasing for specialists capable of developing and implementing AI systems.

These trends make AI-related training and the development of complementary professional skills increasingly important priorities for the education system.

Beginning with the 2026–2027 academic year, topics related to the practical application of AI technologies are being incorporated into general secondary and higher education curricula.

More than 1.5 million users have already obtained AI-related certificates. Specialized training programs have been completed by 900 managers, more than 3,000 civil servants, 1,000 banking employees and 200 advisers.

By the end of 2026, the number of resident companies operating in this sector is expected to reach 300, with their services totaling 2 trillion sums and exports reaching $160 million.

Sector-specific hackathons and competitions have been held in Nukus, Samarkand, Termez, Bukhara, Fergana, Andijan, Gulistan and Jizzakh. In addition, a national hackathon with a prize fund of 2 billion sums is organized annually.

The government has also set the objective of fully implementing the “Five Million AI Leaders” initiative over the next two years.

Thus, Uzbekistan is undertaking large-scale efforts to develop the human resources required for the expansion and effective application of AI technologies.

The Need for International Cooperation

As AI-related cybersecurity threats extend beyond national borders, ensuring AI safety requires international cooperation and coordination.

Kazakhstan is one of Uzbekistan’s closest partners in this field. The country has declared 2026 the Year of Digitalization and Artificial Intelligence, established the Ministry of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Development, and launched the international Alem.AI center. Its national supercomputer, Alem.Cloud, ranks 86th globally in computing performance.

Moreover, Uzbekistan’s IT Park and Kazakhstan’s Astana Hub have signed a memorandum on organizing joint technology forums, webinars, business missions and B2B meetings, as well as strengthening cooperation between the two countries’ startup ecosystems.

The challenges associated with AI development extend beyond cybercrime to energy supply, water resources and labor market transformation. These challenges are highly relevant to both Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan, given the similarities in their climatic and demographic conditions.

This creates a strong basis for closer bilateral cooperation and coordination in addressing the risks accompanying the development and widespread adoption of AI technologies.

Against this background, the international conference on “Artificial Intelligence Safety” in Astana is particularly timely and relevant not only for Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan but also for other countries.

The conference is expected to provide an opportunity to discuss practical solutions to existing challenges and develop new forms of interstate cooperation aimed at addressing them.

Drawing on its accumulated experience in AI development, regulation and cybersecurity, Uzbekistan can make a meaningful contribution to the discussions and to the formulation of joint approaches for ensuring the safe and sustainable development of artificial intelligence.

Farkhad Tutkabaev,

Center for Economic Research and Reforms