On November 15, President Shavkat Mirziyoyev chaired a meeting on issues of uninterrupted energy supply to the population and sectors of the economy, improving efficiency at enterprises in the sphere.

The relevant tasks were identified at a video conference held on June 10. Today, the responsible persons reported on the work accomplished in fulfillment of these tasks and preparations for the autumn-winter season.

It was noted that gas is supplied in volumes commensurate with the growing demand of the population and sectors of the economy. As a result of the modernization of industries and increasing the energy efficiency of the economy, there is a decrease in losses. For example, in recent years, gas consumption for the production of industrial products has decreased by 1.6 times.

There is still a lot of work ahead. It is necessary to ensure a stable supply of energy to the population in the current season and subsequent years, and prepare a sufficient reserve for this.

These issues were discussed in the context of industries at the meeting.

According to calculations, 21 billion cubic meters of gas will be supplied to consumers this year during the winter season. If the air temperature drops sharply, the population's demand will increase even more. The responsible persons outlined a plan of action in such a situation by month and by district.

A separate reserve is provided for uninterrupted power supply to social institutions and enterprises. A system has been created for the targeted supply of natural gas to thermal power plants, chemical and metallurgical enterprises, as well as gas filling stations.

It was pointed out that it is necessary to resolutely continue the work started on accounting and control of gas in industries and further reduce losses. The task has been set to implement the identified gas saving opportunities in Andijan, Navoi and Tashkent regions, as well as other regions.

The Head of State gave instructions to responsible persons on organizing work at the level of districts and mahallas, solving issues related to energy supply directly on the ground, coordinating demand and consumption, and preventing interruptions.

The meeting also touched upon the processes of transformation in the gas sector. It was decided that industry enterprises will enter the international financial market and independently raise funds for modernization.

Digitalization and public-private partnerships offer the greatest opportunities in updating and regulating gas supply networks. In this regard, proposals were considered to attract private operators to the industry.

The President instructed to reduce the costs in the context of each industry and enterprises, optimize costs and accelerate the transformation process. The importance of expanding exploration activities with the involvement of leading foreign companies was emphasized.

Contemporary relations between Uzbekistan and Belarus demonstrate a steady upward trajectory, based on the principles of mutual respect, trust and pragmatism. Despite their geographical distance, the two countries have succeeded in establishing an effective system of partnership built upon the complementarity of their economies, the similarity of their approaches to socio-economic development, and their shared interest in expanding mutually beneficial cooperation.

Since 2017, the dialogue between the two states has acquired a qualitatively new substance. Regular contacts at the highest and high levels, the work of the Intergovernmental Commission, as well as the holding of regional forums and business events, have made it possible to give bilateral cooperation a comprehensive and systematic character.

An important factor in the expansion of international ties has been the large-scale reforms carried out in Uzbekistan under the leadership of President Shavkat Mirziyoyev. Economic liberalisation, the improvement of the investment climate, the development of free economic zones and the policy of openness have significantly increased the country’s attractiveness and created additional opportunities for deepening bilateral partnership.

Today, amid the transformation of the global economy, the restructuring of logistics chains and the emergence of new centres of economic growth, this partnership is gaining particular relevance and strategic significance.

At the same time, a key factor in the sustainable development of Uzbek-Belarusian relations is the high level of political mutual understanding. The constructive mechanism of interaction established by the two sides enables them to effectively coordinate joint actions across a broad range of issues.

The strong dynamics of relations are evidenced by regular negotiations at the highest level: since 2017, more than eight meetings have been held. Such an intensive schedule of contacts has made it possible to promptly address emerging issues on the bilateral agenda and define long-term priorities.

A powerful impetus to cooperation was provided by the official visit of President of Belarus Alexander Lukashenko to Uzbekistan in February 2024. Following the visit, a Joint Statement was adopted and a Roadmap was prepared for the implementation of the agreed decisions. Practically all subsequent steps — in trade, industrial cooperation and the humanitarian sphere — have been a direct result of these agreements.

In February 2026, Tashkent hosted Prime Minister of Belarus Alexander Turchin. During his talks with President of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev, a new agenda was outlined in preparation for upcoming interstate events at the highest level, and the readiness of both sides to consistently implement the planned projects was reaffirmed.

The practical elaboration of joint initiatives is carried out within the framework of the Intergovernmental Commission on Bilateral Cooperation. In May 2026, its 12th meeting was held under the co-chairmanship of Deputy Prime Ministers of Uzbekistan and Belarus Jamshid Khodjaev and Yuri Shuleiko.

The parties discussed preparations for the Partnership Roadmap for 2026–2030, as well as measures to further expand trade, economic and investment cooperation. Particular emphasis was placed on broadening the range of mutual supplies, intensifying industrial cooperation and establishing joint production facilities for high value-added goods. The priority areas identified include electrical engineering, pharmaceuticals, the chemical industry, agricultural machinery production, construction materials, textiles and ready-made garments.

Contacts between the foreign ministries deserve special attention. In 2025, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Belarus Maxim Ryzhenkov visited Termez, where, together with his Uzbek counterpart Bakhtiyor Saidov, he discussed prospects for expanding trade routes through the free trade zone of the International Trade Centre Termez, as well as promoting routes through Afghanistan. This confirms that transit and logistics are assuming an increasingly important place on the bilateral agenda.

The treaty and legal framework of Uzbek-Belarusian relations is also being consistently expanded. To date, the two countries have concluded more than 126 interstate, intergovernmental and interdepartmental agreements regulating cooperation in various areas. This extensive body of agreements forms a reliable institutional basis for cooperation, enabling political decisions to be translated into practical implementation and ensuring continuity in key areas.

The trade and economic sphere demonstrate the highest growth rates. Over the past five years, mutual trade turnover has increased 2.7 times. Belarusian supplies to Uzbekistan have grown 2.5 times, while Uzbek exports to Belarus have increased almost fourfold. By the end of 2025, a 25 per cent rise in mutual trade was recorded, bringing its volume to USD 965 million. This brings the two sides close to the USD 1 billion threshold set by the heads of state as a strategic benchmark.

Moreover, the pace of growth is accelerating. In the first quarter of 2026 alone, trade turnover increased by almost 50 per cent year-on-year, reaching USD 259.7 million. Against this background, the parties have begun developing a joint programme to raise trade turnover to USD 2 billion by 2030. Today, Belarus ranks third among CIS countries in terms of trade turnover in Uzbekistan’s foreign trade, after only Russia and Kazakhstan.

The principal components of Uzbekistan’s exports to Belarus include textiles, fruit, metals and selected industrial products. Imports from Belarus consist primarily of meat and dairy products, timber, vehicles, pharmaceuticals, fuel, machinery, equipment and metal products.

An important step towards expanding trade and economic cooperation was the announcement in March 2026 of the establishment of the Uzbekistan Trade House in Minsk. The project envisages the creation of a permanent platform for promoting Uzbek products, showcasing the output of domestic manufacturers and strengthening business-to-business ties.

Importantly, bilateral interaction extends well beyond trade. Increasing significance is being attached to industrial cooperation aimed at establishing joint ventures, localising technologies and developing export-oriented production facilities.

As of early 2025, approximately 250 enterprises with Belarusian capital were registered in Uzbekistan, while around 87 joint Uzbek-Belarusian companies were operating in Belarus. The overall portfolio of joint projects exceeds USD 300 million, demonstrating that bilateral cooperation has evolved into a systematic and sustainable partnership rather than a series of isolated business initiatives.

The priority areas of industrial cooperation include mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, pharmaceuticals, the textile industry and food processing. Traditionally, agricultural machinery has remained the flagship area of cooperation, with Belarusian products—including tractors, combine harvesters and specialised agricultural equipment—holding strong positions in the Uzbek market. Today, however, the two countries are moving to a new stage by establishing assembly lines and manufacturing facilities within Uzbekistan.

In February 2026, prospects for further cooperation were thoroughly examined during a business dialogue held at the Mogilev Free Economic Zone, with the participation of diplomats, regional authorities and business representatives from both countries. The participants identified several priority sectors, including electrical engineering, the chemical industry, construction materials and textiles, while also emphasising the importance of expanding the presence of Belarusian companies in the Uzbek market through investment mechanisms rather than relying solely on exports.

It should be noted that a solid practical foundation for deeper cooperation has already been established. A joint production facility manufacturing BELARUS tractors operates in the Tashkent Region; in partnership with EnergoKomplekt, the Enco Group high-voltage cable manufacturing plant has been launched; and the Belarusian-Uzbek joint venture UzShoes has been successfully operating in the city of Karshi.

The two countries have also agreed to promote joint production of high value-added goods. This transition—from traditional trade to the joint creation of competitive industrial products—represents the most significant qualitative shift in bilateral economic relations.

One of the most promising areas of cooperation remains the agro-industrial sector. According to the results of 2025, agricultural products accounted for almost 25 per cent of Belarus’s total exports, while the agro-industrial sector generated around 7 per cent of the country's GDP. These figures highlight considerable potential for cooperation within the CIS market, based on the complementary nature of the two economies. Belarus possesses a highly developed dairy and meat industry, grain processing capacities and an advanced food industry, whereas Uzbekistan offers a rich agricultural resource base, a strong fruit- and grape-growing sector, and a large consumer market.

Against this backdrop, the cooperation agreement on food security and food industry development, signed in Tashkent in May 2026 between the relevant ministries of the two countries, represents a logical and important step forward. The agreement elevates bilateral cooperation in the agro-industrial sector to a fundamentally new level of systematic and predictable partnership, replacing ad hoc commercial transactions with long-term strategic collaboration. A clear indication of this progress is the substantial increase in bilateral trade in agricultural and food products, which reached USD 338.9 million in 2025, compared with USD 234.2 million the previous year.

From a long-term perspective, the establishment of joint agro-industrial enterprises in Uzbekistan for fruit and vegetable processing, dairy production, storage technologies and logistics represents an area of considerable strategic importance. Belarusian expertise in land reclamation and water management could also be effectively applied, particularly in the context of Uzbekistan’s large-scale programmes for the development of new irrigated agricultural land.

Another important indicator of bilateral cooperation is the volume of freight transportation. In 2025, cargo shipments exceeded 796.6 thousand tonnes, representing a 6 per cent increase compared with the previous year. At the same time, both countries continue to actively diversify transport routes, including through Central Asia and Afghanistan, thereby enhancing the reliability and resilience of supply chains.

Interregional cooperation is also developing dynamically. Direct partnership links between the regions and cities of Uzbekistan and Belarus complement the central-level political dialogue and serve as an important source of practical initiatives. It is at the regional level that concrete production chains, educational partnerships and cultural exchanges are being established.

The sustainability of this dimension of cooperation is evidenced by the growing intensity of contacts between the regions of the two countries. Since 2017, more than 40 visits by representatives of the regions of Uzbekistan and Belarus have taken place, reflecting the high level of engagement. Regional Forums have played a particularly important role in institutionalising bilateral relations, becoming a regular and effective platform for launching new joint initiatives. A notable example was the conclusion in 2025 of cooperation agreements between the cities of Navoi and Orsha, as well as Termez and Polotsk, giving these partnerships a practical and long-term orientation.

Overall, the accumulated potential of Uzbek-Belarusian cooperation indicates that bilateral partnership has entered a qualitatively new stage of development. Its progress is now determined not only by the positive dynamics of individual indicators, but also by the establishment of sustainable mechanisms of cooperation that ensure the long-term implementation of the strategic course pursued by both countries.

The political, institutional and economic foundations that have been established enable the two sides to pursue ambitious objectives aimed at deepening industrial cooperation, attracting investment, strengthening transport connectivity and implementing joint projects in high-technology and innovation-driven sectors. Taken together, these factors demonstrate that Uzbekistan and Belarus possess a substantial reserve of resilience and maintain significant potential for further progress in the interests of both nations.

Iroda Imamova

Leading Research Fellow

Institute for Strategic and Interregional Studies under the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan

The 26th International Textile and Garment Industry Exhibition TextileExpo Uzbekistan 2026 will be held from May 13 to 15, 2026 at the Uzexpocentre National Exhibition Complex in Tashkent

TextileExpo Uzbekistan is the largest B2B platform for the textile and garment industry in Central Asia, bringing together manufacturers, suppliers, and professional buyers. Here, the buyers find reliable partners, current trends, and favourable terms of cooperation, while industry representatives find comprehensive solutions for production development and optimization. Visitors can compare offers, evaluate product quality, and negotiate directly with manufacturers.

Over 150 verified suppliers from 7 countries will participate, with strong representation from companies from China.

The exhibition will traditionally cover all production cycle phases from raw materials to finished products and accessories. Visitors will find yarn, fabrics, knitwear, fittings and accessories, finished garments, technical and home textiles, hosiery, as well as chemicals and dyes for the textile industry.

According to the organizers, the traditional Buyers’ Program is planned as a unique component of the TextileExpo Uzbekistan. It is a platform focused on achieving concrete business outcomes, including targeted B2B meetings, the establishment of long-term partnerships, and the conclusion of commercial contracts. For domestic companies, the program serves as an effective channel for entering international markets and scaling export deliveries. For buyers, exclusive participation conditions are provided, allowing them to make the most efficient use of their time at the exhibition and gain priority access to key suppliers.

Dunyo IA

Issues of further development of multifaceted partnership, promotion of economic and investment cooperation projects, establishment of practical interaction in the defense sector were discussed at the meeting between President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev and a delegation from the United Arab Emirates headed by Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of Defense, Crown Prince of the Emirate of Dubai Sheikh Hamdan bin Muhammad Al Maktoum.

The Emirati delegation included the Ministers of Government Affairs Muhammad bin Abdullah Al Gergawi, Energy and Infrastructure Suhail bin Muhammad Al Mazroui, Economy Abdullah bin Tuq Al Marri, and Minister of State for Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy Omar bin Sultan Al Olama.

At the beginning of the conversation, Sheikh Hamdan Al Maktoum expressed his sincere gratitude to our Head of State for the warm welcome and conveyed warm greetings from UAE President Sheikh Mohammad Al Nahyan and Prime Minister of the UAE, Emir of Dubai Sheikh Mohammad Al Maktoum.

During the meeting, special attention was paid to the issues of forming a new long-term agenda of mutually beneficial cooperation in such key areas as investment, innovative development, green energy, infrastructure, education, healthcare, ecology, digital transformation, tourism and others.

The sides highly appreciated the fruitful results of the joint forum on unlocking the potential of mutually beneficial cooperation, bilateral intergovernmental and interdepartmental talks held this morning.

An agreement was reached to adopt a road map for the development of full-scale cooperation in strategic sectors.

It should be noted that the UAE is one of Uzbekistan's key partners in the Asian region.

The latest high-level contacts took place within the framework of the Global Climate Summit in Dubai last December.

The trade turnover in 2023 grew by 21 percent and amounted to 626 million dollars. More than 320 enterprises with the participation of Emirati capital operate in our country. The portfolio of ongoing and prospective investment projects amounts to about 20 billion dollars.

In the 21st century, "green" development has become not just a trend, but an unavoidable path for all of humanity. In the face of rapid climate change, intensifying water resource scarcity, and loss of biodiversity, sustainable development has become a priority for every nation. The President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Sh.M. Mirziyoyev, speaking at international, regional, and national forums, consistently promotes the agenda of sustainable "green" development as the key to the prosperity of future generations.

The recently published book "The Path of 'Green' Development for New Uzbekistan" presents 310 quotes and 54 initiatives by Sh. Mirziyoyev, proposed during the period of 2017-2025, addressing climate change mitigation, rational use of water and natural resources, biodiversity conservation, and transition to a "green" economy.

Structurally, the book is divided into three chapters: "'Green' Development - the Path Chosen by Humanity," "Central Asia - The Course Towards 'Green' Development and the Future," and "New Uzbekistan on the Path of Sustainable Development."

Green development: the path humanity has chosen

 In the context of the global climate crisis, depletion of natural resources, and deterioration of environmental quality, an increasing number of countries are transitioning to a sustainable development model. Within this concept, a "green" economy is replacing raw material-industrial models centered on extraction, exploitation, and disregard for environmental risks.

The leader of Uzbekistan has repeatedly emphasized that for Central Asian countries, "green" development should become the foundation for a new stage of modernization: ..."only by efficiently utilizing limited land and water resources, addressing environmental issues, and embarking on the path of 'green' development, 'green' economy, and 'green' energy can we ensure sustainable development of the country and the well-being of its population. This is the only correct path." This quote reflects a fundamental shift in state policy: from narrow economic thinking to a strategic approach that focuses not only on profit and growth but also on environmental preservation, ecosystem sustainability, and public health. This is precisely why Sh. Mirziyoyev advocates the idea that the green course is not a fashionable trend, but a long-term necessity. Supporting the transition to green energy sources, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, strengthening environmental legislation, and educating the public are all part of a systemic green reform.

The President consistently emphasizes that responsibility for the future lies not only with developed countries but also with emerging economies. In this context, he declared at the UN General Assembly (2023): "At this pivotal historical moment, we all must reflect on what kind of planet we will leave for future generations." This appeal aims to mobilize the global community, but primarily reflects Uzbekistan's internal transformation - a course towards sustainability, resource conservation, and climate justice. In this regard, we present the following scientifically grounded proposals of the President.

Firstly, "climate change has become one of the main challenges for sustainable development in Central Asia," declared the President of Uzbekistan at the COP28 summit in Dubai. He emphasized that "the transition to a 'green' economy and achieving carbon neutrality are strategic objectives of New Uzbekistan."

Secondly, "Climate change has become one of the main challenges to sustainable development. This is especially acute in Central Asia and adjacent regions against the backdrop of the Aral Sea tragedy - one of the most devastating ecological crises of our time."

Thirdly, "the rise in air temperature in Central Asia is twice the global average, the number of extremely hot days has doubled, and a third of glacier masses have melted."

Fourthly, "soil degradation, regular dust and sand storms, drinking water shortages, air pollution, biodiversity loss, sharp decline in crop yields, and many other factors are negatively impacting the quality of life of millions of residents in the region."

Fifthly, the President also called for "swift agreement on the Global Framework for Climate Change Adaptation within the Paris Agreement." He also addressed the topic of global transition to a low-carbon economy. According to him, this process "must be fair, transparent, and inclusive" and "must necessarily take into account the interests of developing countries."

Sixthly, to transform the Aral Sea region into a Zone of Innovation, Technology, and New Opportunities, the head of Uzbekistan invited everyone to close cooperation "in creating an International Climate Technology Expo Hub in this region." Additionally, the President proposed to "establish scientific exchange and conduct joint research on the platform of the Climate Science Forum," which is being created on the basis of Green University in Tashkent, involving scientists and experts from foreign countries.

Central Asia: Charting a Course Towards "Green" Development and Future

 Global climate change is one of the most serious problems of our time, affecting all countries worldwide and becoming a significant obstacle to sustainable "green" development. The observed warming is causing extreme natural phenomena across the globe, such as droughts, hurricanes, scorching heat, fires, torrential rains, and floods.

Uzbekistan and other Central Asian states are among the countries most vulnerable to environmental disasters. Against the backdrop of a general increase in climate threats, Central Asia is developing its own regional response to the challenges of global warming and environmental degradation. The initiatives of the President of Uzbekistan on international platforms demonstrate that green transformation is not just a national priority, but also an interstate one.

Speaking at the 78th session of the UN General Assembly (2023), the President emphasized: "Today, the world is facing a severe ecological situation. The triple planetary crisis, caused by climate change, loss of biodiversity, and environmental pollution, is intensifying.

Under these challenging conditions, Central Asia, which continues to grapple with the tragedy of the Aral Sea, is becoming one of the regions most vulnerable to climate change."

This quote indicates the need for regional integration in the field of environmental safety. The President emphasizes the importance of joint actions in the management of natural resources, in particular transboundary waters. He initiated the development of a Regional Strategy to combat desertification and land degradation, emphasizing that sustainable agriculture and biodiversity conservation are only possible through coordinated efforts.

As part of this initiative, the following proposals were put forward:

First proposal: establishment of a Regional Center for Climate Technologies;

Second proposal: creation of a unified "green" energy space;

Third proposal: joint projects for reforestation and combating desertification, particularly in the dried-up seabed of the Aral Sea;

Fourth proposal: development of transboundary water diplomacy based on the principles of the Helsinki Convention.

In recent years, at Uzbekistan's initiative, the UN General Assembly has adopted more than ten special resolutions. Many of these directly address environmental issues in Central Asia and reflect Uzbekistan's active role in regional environmental diplomacy.

It is particularly noteworthy that all international initiatives and efforts of Uzbekistan's leader in this field are rooted in our national values, passed down from our ancestors over millennia. It should be emphasized that the environmental initiatives presented by the head of state at global forums receive widespread support from the international community and make a tangible contribution to ensuring sustainable "green" development at the global level.

For instance, one of Uzbekistan's landmark achievements was the adoption of a Special Resolution by the UN General Assembly in 2021, declaring the Aral Sea region a zone of environmental innovations and technologies. This marks the first time the UN General Assembly has granted such a high status to a region. This is because, due to the drying up of the Aral Sea, the Aral Sea region has become the epicenter of a global ecological disaster, a territory with an elevated risk to human health and ecosystem instability.

Water resource management issues in the region also remain within the focus of the President of Uzbekistan. "Effective water resource management with neighboring countries is key to sustainable development not only for Uzbekistan but for our entire region." This statement is particularly relevant for Central Asia, where water is becoming an increasingly scarce and politically sensitive resource. The leader of Uzbekistan advocates for the establishment of sustainable mechanisms for the distribution and joint management of water flows, which should reduce tensions and ensure harmonious development.

At the SCO summit in Bishkek (June 14, 2019), Shavkat Mirziyoyev proposed adopting the SCO "Green Belt" program to introduce resource-saving and environmentally friendly technologies in the organization's member countries. At the 14th ECO Summit (March 4, 2021), the Head of Uzbekistan put forward an initiative to develop and approve a medium-term strategy aimed at ensuring energy sustainability and broadly attracting investments and modern technologies to this sector.

At the Third Consultative Meeting of Central Asian Heads of State, held on August 6, 2021, in Turkmenistan, the President of Uzbekistan advocated for the development of a regional "Green Agenda" program for Central Asia. This program aims to facilitate the adaptation of countries in the region to climate change. The main focus areas of the program could include gradual decarbonization of the economy, rational use of water resources, integration of energy-efficient technologies into the economy, and increasing the share of renewable energy production.

Overall, against the backdrop of the increasing prominence of the international climate agenda, Uzbekistan's ongoing systemic environmental policy in the field of environmental protection aims to further improve the ecological situation in the Central Asian region.

Uzbekistan's New Path Towards Sustainable Development

 Today, Uzbekistan is actively integrating the principles of "green" transformation into its development strategies, laying the foundation for long-term sustainable growth. This is not merely a response to global challenges, but also an aspiration to enhance the quality of life for our citizens, generate new employment opportunities, and foster the country's sustainable "green" development. At present, "green" development in Uzbekistan has been elevated to the status of a nationwide movement. The primary objective of New Uzbekistan's transition to a "green" course is to safeguard human dignity, improve the population's well-being, and protect the fundamental rights of its citizens.

For Uzbekistan, the transition to "green" development is not an abstract concept or something far removed from reality. This notion has become an integral part of our country's constitutional course, encompassing all sectors of the economy and public life.

President Sh. Mirziyoyev emphasizes: "It is of great importance to accelerate the transition to an economy based on the careful management of water, energy, and other natural resources.

The task of developing 'green' and digital technologies, as well as production enterprises, is also crucial for us."

This is not merely a scientific and philosophical statement, but a guiding principle of state environmental policy. Under this slogan, various programs are being developed:

• increasing the share of renewable energy (target - at least 30% by 2030);
• reducing water losses in the agricultural sector through the use of digital systems and precision farming;
• improving energy efficiency of residential and industrial buildings;
• creating "smart" and "green" cities, including within the framework of the "Tashkent - Green Capital" project.

One example is the construction of solar and wind power plants in Navoi, Bukhara, and Samarkand regions. These projects are being implemented with the participation of major foreign investors (Masdar, ACWA Power) and are creating new jobs while reducing the burden on hydrocarbon resources.

Sh.Mirziyoyev also emphasizes the need to cultivate new ecological thinking in young people: "Understanding nature, environmental education and upbringing, forming environmental awareness and ecological culture among the population, especially among youth, which promote kindness, compassion, and mercy, are among the important tasks that must be accomplished to preserve the environment."

In this context, special attention is paid to environmental education, promoting sustainable practices, and supporting startups in the field of eco-technologies and green innovations. The creation of a national environmental performance rating for regions and institutions has become a tool for stimulating sustainable change.

Thus, Uzbekistan is becoming an example of a systematic approach to sustainable "green" development, combining environmental goals with economic growth and social justice. The principles of the "green" economy are increasingly being integrated into national planning, making Uzbekistan not only a participant but also an active driver of the international green agenda.

Conclusions: Prospects for the Future

 First conclusion. The approach being implemented in New Uzbekistan under the leadership of President Shavkat Mirziyoyev exemplifies the synergy of political will, scientific knowledge, national policy, and international cooperation. "Green" development is not a trend or a temporary solution. It is a strategic choice, a path chosen by humanity, and Uzbekistan demonstrates how this path can be realized in the face of global challenges.

Second conclusion. The initiatives and statements of Uzbekistan's leader demonstrate that green development for Uzbekistan is not a temporary agenda, but a strategic vector for a promising future. The framework of an environmentally responsible state is being systematically formed: with new laws, institutions, technologies, and public awareness.

Third conclusion. A distinctive feature of the Uzbek approach is its comprehensiveness: from global leadership in climate diplomacy to the practical transformation of energy, land use, and water management. Sh. Mirziyoyev not only articulates the principles of sustainable development but also ensures their institutional establishment, investment, and public support.

Fourth conclusion. Thus, the path to a "green" future, proposed and implemented by New Uzbekistan, can serve as a model for countries facing similar challenges and opportunities. This is a path where economic progress goes hand in hand with care for the planet, where political will translates into concrete actions, and sustainability becomes a new norm for human development.

In the context of rapidly changing global economies, transport and logistics are becoming more than just infrastructure elements, but crucial instruments of economic and geopolitical influence. Against this backdrop, the Organization of Turkic States (OTS) is gradually emerging as one of the most promising platforms for regional cooperation in Eurasia. The development of transport and transit links, which are now becoming the foundation for the economic integration of the Turkic countries, holds a special place in the Organization's activities.

In this regard, the informal summit of the OTS, which will take place on May 14-15 this year in Turkestan (Republic of Kazakhstan), will be positive step in further strengthening the position of the Organization, deepening cooperation and uniting the efforts of all Turkic states.

Transport as the basis of a new Eurasian architecture

Today, the member states of the OTS interact in more than 40 areas – from economics and energy to digital technologies and artificial intelligence. However, transport sphere is gradually becoming the main driver of integration.

This is due to the unique geographical location of the Turkic countries. The region is located at the intersection of major international routes connecting Europe, Central Asia, China, the Middle East, and South Asia. A new Eurasian logistics system is effectively emerging, in which the OTS’s member states play a key link between East and West.

Amid the transformation of global supply chains and growing competition between international transport routes, the states of the region are striving not only to strengthen their own infrastructure but also to create a unified transit and logistics space.

Formation of a common transport policy

In recent years, a solid legal framework has been created within the OTS, which enshrines the strategic importance of this area in documents such as «Turkic Vision 2040» and «OTS Strategy for 2022–2026».

The 2022 Samarkand Summit was of particular significance, as it saw the signing of «Agreement on International Combined Freight Transport among the Governments of the Member States of the OTS» and «the Transport Connectivity Program». These documents ushered in a new era of cooperation among Turkic countries in the near future and established specific mechanisms for its implementation.

An important step was the introduction of the e-CMR system in 2026, which allows for the electronic transfer of transport documentation. This significantly simplifies transportation, reduces bureaucratic procedures, and expedites the passage of goods across state borders. At the same time, cooperation is developing in the digitalization of customs processes, the implementation of electronic permits, and the unification of transit procedures.

Institutional strengthening of cooperation

In recent years, the OTS has been consistently developing an institutional framework for transport integration, moving cooperation from a political and declarative level to a practical level. Regular meetings of the competent authorities of the Organization’s member states play a key role in this process.

Thus, at the meeting of OTS Transport ministers in April 2026 in Bishkek, the focus was on the development of transport corridors and the removal of border crossing barriers. Essentially, this is about creating a more coordinated regional transport system capable of increasing the competitiveness of OTS routes amid growing freight flows between Asia and Europe.

Meetings of heads of railway administration, held since 2022, serve a similar function. At the October 2025 meeting in Bishkek, issues of digitalization of transportation management and improving the efficiency of rail service were discussed. This demonstrates the desire of the OTS countries to unify transport procedures and reduce logistics costs within the region.

An additional step toward institutionalization was the creation of the Alliance of Logistics Centers and Cargo Carriers within the OTS in Tashkent in 2024. The establishment of this structure demonstrates a shift toward deeper business involvement in transport integration processes.

Transport corridors as a strategic basis for the integration of OTS countries

One of the key areas of the OTS's transport strategy is the creation of a unified space of transport connectivity, centered on the development of international corridors linking East and West, as well as North and South Eurasia.

The «Middle Corridor», connecting China and Europe via Central Asia and the South Caucasus, is particularly important in this system. Against the backdrop of the transformation of global logistics, geopolitical instability, and the desire of states to diversify trade routes, this corridor is becoming one of the most promising transport arteries in Eurasia.

While the volume of traffic along this route remained relatively limited in 2020, by 2025 it exceeded 5 million tons, an increase of almost sixfold. This demonstrates the gradual transformation of the «Middle Corridor» from an alternative route into an important element of the global transport system.

Moreover, the corridor's significance extends far beyond its purely transit function. For the OTS’s member states, its development means strengthening trade and economic ties, expanding access to external markets, attracting investment, and increasing the resilience of national economies to external challenges. In the long term, the «Middle Corridor» is seen as the foundation for the development of a new model of Eurasian connectivity.

A key element of this strategy is the implementation of the «China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan» railway project, which is already considered one of the most significant infrastructure projects in Central Asia. Construction of the highway, which includes 50 bridges and 29 tunnels with a total length of approximately 120 kilometers, is estimated to cost approximately $4.7 billion.

The project will significantly reduce freight delivery times between China and Europe, strengthen Central Asia’s transit potential, and enhance the integration of the OTS’s transport system. Essentially, this creates a new strategic route capable of transforming the region's logistics configuration.

Equally important is the development of the «Trans-Afghan Corridor», which opens OTS countries to the markets of South Asia, with a population of approximately 1,9 billion and a combined GDP of approximately $3,5 trillion. For Central Asian states, this creates opportunities to diversify foreign trade, expand export routes, and reduce transportation costs. At the same time, the Trans-Afghan route has the potential to become a factor in the economic stabilization of the region by boosting trade, investment, and industrial cooperation.

Uzbekistan as a Driver of Transport Integration in the OTS

Since the Republic of Uzbekistan joined the Organization of Turkic States in 2019, transport and logistics cooperation has become a key focus of the country's foreign economic strategy within the Organization. Against the backdrop of the transformation of global supply chains, the growing importance of alternative Eurasian routes, and increased competition among international transport corridors, Tashkent has consistently promoted initiatives aimed at creating a unified transport and transit space for the OTS.

The initiatives of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Shavkat Mirziyoyev, play a key role in advancing this agenda. He views transport connectivity as a key factor in regional integration and economic development. At the OTS summit in Turkey in 2021, the head of state emphasized the need for systemic cooperation in transport and transit, effectively marking a shift to a more comprehensive approach within the Organization. This agenda received significant impetus at the 2022 Samarkand Summit, where Uzbekistan advocated for the development of multimodal routes and the implementation of the e-TIR, e-Permit, and e-CMR electronic systems.

Uzbek logistics centers Universal Logistics Services (Tashkent), Akhtachy (Andijan), and Termez Cargo Center (Surkhandarya) joined the «Sister Ports» initiative, marking a practical step toward integrating Uzbekistan’s transport infrastructure into the regional logistics network.

At the summit in Astana in 2023, Uzbekistan again emphasized the diversification of transport routes and the development of the «Middle Corridor», which, in the current geo-economic environment, is acquiring strategic significance as an perspective route between Asia and Europe. At the same time, Tashkent promoted for the expansion of transport routes connecting OTS countries with the markets of China, South Asia, and Europe.

A logical continuation of this line of action was the initiatives announced at the OTS summit in Bishkek in November 2024. The focus was on optimizing transit tariffs, simplifying border procedures, creating joint logistics mechanisms, and transitioning to electronic document management.

In May 2025, at the informal OTS summit in Hungary, Uzbekistan supported for the accelerated implementation of «single-window» systems and «green corridors» along the Trans-Caspian route. At the summit in Gabala in November 2025, special attention was paid to enhancing the competitiveness of the «Middle Corridor», modernizing infrastructure, and other areas. Particular importance was placed on linking this route with the «China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan» railway project and the «Trans-Afghan Corridor», which effectively creates a new system of transport connectivity across a vast region.

The International Forum on Multimodal Transportation held in Tashkent on November 12, 2025, was a practical confirmation of Uzbekistan's growing role in the OTS’s transport agenda.

Overall, the Turkic countries are already demonstrating a willingness to move beyond the idea of ​​partnership to the creation of a unified interconnected space. Joint infrastructure projects, the development of interregional corridors, the digitalization of logistics, and Uzbekistan’s active role in promoting these processes form the foundation of a new transport architecture within the OTS.

Sarvar Kamolov,

the Chief Research Fellow of
the Institute for Strategic and Regional Studies
under the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan

In recent years, cooperation between Uzbekistan and the Czech Republic in the fields of higher education, science, and innovation has been enriched with new content and has been steadily developing. Previously formed mainly within the framework of individual projects, grant programs, and short-term initiatives, this relationship has now reached a new stage — a well-thought-out, systematic, and long-term strategic partnership.

Today, this cooperation is being shaped based on clear goals and priority areas. Links between universities are strengthening, transforming not only into platforms for knowledge exchange but also into a shared intellectual space where scientific ideas, innovative solutions, and future technologies are created. In this process, the educational systems of both countries complement each other, reaching a new level of quality through the synergy of experience and opportunities. For Uzbekistan, this creates opportunities to engage more closely with European educational traditions and scientific schools, while for the Czech Republic, cooperation with the dynamically developing educational and innovation environment of Central Asia opens new horizons.

During the period from 2020 to 2026, educational ties between Uzbekistan and the Czech Republic have undergone significant transformation both in content and scale. Academic bridges connecting the two countries have strengthened, enabling the free movement of knowledge, experience, and scientific perspectives. One of the most notable indicators of this cooperation has been the steady increase in the number of Uzbek students studying in Czech higher education institutions.

If in 2020 this number was around 350, by 2024 it had exceeded 600, and today it is approaching 650–700, maintaining a steady growth trend. Behind these figures lie the aspirations of hundreds of young people striving for knowledge and seeking to find their place in the international arena.

This process also reflects the growing trust in the Czech education system. For students from Uzbekistan, the Czech Republic is becoming not only a source of quality education but also an important academic environment that fosters innovative thinking, independent research, and the development of modern professional skills.

Particular importance within this cooperation is given to strategic fields such as engineering, information technology, economics, and agriculture. Specialists trained in these areas will play a key role in further strengthening scientific and economic ties between the two countries and in implementing innovative ideas in practice.

In recent years, the foundation of cooperation between higher education institutions has become more stable and reliable. Partnerships between leading universities of Uzbekistan and reputable Czech universities are adding depth and quality to this process.

As a result, student and faculty exchanges have reached a new level, creating broad opportunities for the free exchange of scientific and educational ideas. Joint research, double degree programs, and scientific projects contribute to knowledge exchange and the development of new academic schools.

Currently, joint educational programs between higher education institutions of Uzbekistan and the Czech Republic represent one of the most effective and modern forms of cooperation. Models such as 2+2, 3+1, 1+1, and 1.5+0.5 allow students to experience the academic environments of both countries, adopt different educational traditions, and gain international experience.

These programs not only provide knowledge but also broaden perspectives, develop independent thinking, and prepare specialists who meet the demands of the global labor market. The opportunity to obtain a double degree opens new horizons for young people and enhances their international competitiveness.

Most importantly, this process deepens integration in the field of education and contributes to improving the national system of training specialists based on international standards. It is expected that students participating in these programs will become highly qualified professionals and serve as intellectual bridges connecting different cultures and academic traditions.

Today, cooperation between Uzbekistan and the Czech Republic goes beyond education alone — it is also expanding in the fields of science and innovation. The growing collaboration between researchers and scientists of the two countries is broadening the geography of research and integrating it into global scientific processes.

Joint projects implemented within international programs such as Erasmus+ and Horizon Europe play a key role in this process. These platforms facilitate the exchange of scientific ideas, the development of innovative solutions, and the implementation of modern technologies.

Special attention is given to priority areas aligned with contemporary global challenges. Research in “green” technologies and sustainable development contributes to environmental protection and the rational use of natural resources. Joint studies on water resources and ecology are aimed at finding scientifically grounded solutions to regional environmental issues.

At the same time, cooperation in digital technologies and artificial intelligence is becoming one of the main drivers of the modern economy, creating opportunities for the development of innovative products and services. Research in agricultural innovation plays an important role in increasing efficiency in agriculture, ensuring food security, and introducing advanced technologies.

Importantly, this cooperation is not limited to theoretical research but is focused on practical outcomes. Scientific achievements are being integrated into the real economy and aligned with societal needs, contributing to innovative development.

In the near future, several important initiatives are planned to further deepen cooperation between Uzbekistan and the Czech Republic. In particular, the first Uzbekistan–Czech Rectors’ Forum, scheduled to be held in the Czech Republic in 2026, will serve as an important platform for systematizing university cooperation, defining priorities, and launching new joint projects.

In addition, plans include expanding academic mobility, increasing exchanges of students and faculty, and developing programs such as Double Degree and PhD cotutelle, which will further integrate the educational systems and strengthen scientific collaboration.

Furthermore, special attention is being paid to supporting joint startups and innovative projects, as well as fostering cooperation between technoparks and university incubators. This will strengthen the link between science and business and accelerate the implementation of scientific ideas in practice.

Overall, cooperation between Uzbekistan and the Czech Republic in higher education has reached a qualitatively new level in recent years. It encompasses not only student exchanges and joint programs but also scientific, innovative, and institutional integration. In the future, this partnership will serve as an important factor in training highly qualified specialists, enhancing scientific potential, and strengthening both countries’ positions in the global educational landscape.

Farhod AHROROV, Head of Department,

Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Innovation

Uzbekistan is a country of youth. According to statistical data, about 60% of Uzbekistan's population is under the age of 30. Thus, over 18 million residents of Uzbekistan are young people, and by 2040 this number could reach 25 million. This creates unique opportunities and specific challenges for the state in terms of providing education, employment, and social integration for the youth. On February 21 of this year, a Presidential Decree approved the State Program for the implementation of the "Uzbekistan - 2030" Strategy in the Year of Support for Youth and Business. It outlines a number of tasks aimed at addressing the problems faced by young people and realizing their potential.

In recent years, Uzbekistan has prioritized creating favorable conditions to ensure the rights and interests of the younger generation. This includes providing them with access to quality education, meaningful employment opportunities, and avenues to realize their talents and abilities. Significant efforts have been made in this direction as part of state policy.

A vivid confirmation of this is the adoption and consistent implementation of over 100 legislative acts concerning this sphere within a short period. The inclusion of specific articles on the rights and interests of the younger generation in the updated Constitution of Uzbekistan undoubtedly opens new opportunities for further strengthening the legal framework and elevating practical work in this area to a new level.

During the past period, a completely new vertical management system for working with youth has been established.

In all neighborhoods (mahallas) of the country, youth leaders are active. Thanks to this system, over 100 different opportunities have been created for youth within the neighborhoods.

A system called the "Youth Notebook" has been established, through which over 1.1 million young people have received assistance across
25 different areas totaling 1.3 trillion UZS. Specifically, tens of thousands of students from low-income families have had their tuition fees covered under fee-based contracts.

The number of higher educational institutions in the country has almost tripled, reaching 199, and enrollment has increased from 9 to
38 percent. This expansion opens up extensive opportunities for youth to acquire modern knowledge and professions.

In the country, 210 youth industrial and entrepreneurial zones have been established, with 2,500 projects implemented amounting to 4 trillion UZS. As a result, the number of young entrepreneurs has doubled, surpassing 200,000.

In recent years, more than 750 young people who make a significant contribution to the prosperity of the Motherland have received state awards.

It is heartening that the youth of the country are effectively utilizing the opportunities provided and inspiring with their achievements in various fields.

For further effective implementation of State youth policy in Uzbekistan, it is necessary to continue effective reforms to create a solid organizational, legal and institutional framework.

First of all, work will continue to develop new constitutional norms on the rights of young people in existing legislation.

At the same time, in the coming period, special attention will be paid to the qualitative execution of tasks defined in the State Program on the implementation of the Strategy "Uzbekistan - 2030" in the Year of Support for Youth and Business.

Thus, every region, ministry and department has begun to introduce a new approach to work with young people. The improvement of scientific and analytical work on the study of youth problems and the training of promising personnel is considered relevant.

Today, rapid measures are being taken to increase the number of young people learning foreign languages under the "Ibrat Farzandlari" project
to 1 million, and the number of young readers under the "Mutolaa" program up to 1.5 million. Additional infrastructure is being built in the regions for this purpose. At the same time, special attention should be paid to the creation of broader conditions for the meaningful organization of leisure activities and the realization of young people's talents and abilities.

Thus, the systemic reforms carried out in Uzbekistan have led to significant achievements in the field of education and the spiritual, intellectual, physical and moral development of young people. The increase in the number of educational institutions, the improvement in the quality of education, the active participation of young people in scientific and cultural events, and the implementation of social projects - all this is evidence of positive changes and the strengthening of the foundations for the harmonious development of the younger generation.

Bekzod Jurabayev,
Chief scientific researcher of the Institute of Legislation and Legal Policy under the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Chairman of the Council of Young Scientists of the Institute

Amid the transformation of global supply chains and rapid geopolitical shifts in the world economy, the formation of sustainable and secure transport corridors connecting Asia and Europe has become particularly crucial. In this context, cooperation between the countries of Central Asia and Azerbaijan in the transport and logistics sector is becoming a key factor in ensuring regional trade stability, diversifying transport routes, and deepening economic integration across the Eurasian space.

Central Asia and Azerbaijan are united by a centuries-old history, culture, religion, and shared values. Today, this unified historical and cultural space is also emerging as a geoeconomic region of growing strategic importance. Due to its geographical location, Azerbaijan serves as a bridge connecting Central Asia via the Caspian Sea to the South Caucasus, Turkey, and European countries. In turn, the countries of Central Asia provide Azerbaijan with access to the dynamically growing markets of China and South Asia. This very complementarity creates a solid foundation for long-term cooperation in transport and logistics.

The seventh Consultative Meeting of the Heads of State of Central Asia, held on November 15–16, 2025, in Tashkent under the chairmanship of President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev, was of historic significance for the institutional development of regional cooperation. One of the most important outcomes of the summit was the admission of Azerbaijan as a full-fledged member of this format. This accession, unanimously supported by all heads of state, resulted in the formation of a new "Central Asia and Azerbaijan" cooperation framework.

The Trans-Caspian International Transport Route (the Middle Corridor) is central to this cooperation. In recent years, attention to this route has grown steadily: by the end of 2025, the total volume of freight traffic along the Middle Corridor exceeded 4.7 million tons.

This route is particularly significant for Uzbekistan. Over the past five years, the volume of Uzbek freight transported via the Middle Corridor has doubled, reaching 1.3 million tons by the end of 2025. While the share of goods transported along this corridor to and from EU countries was 12% in 2021, this figure rose to 28% by 2025.

To increase the freight volume along the Trans-Caspian Transport Route to 1.5 million tons, the joint Working Group holds regular meetings to discuss measures for expanding capacity and increasing freight traffic across the Caspian Sea, as well as the acquisition of vessels.

At the same time, to enhance the appeal of international transport corridors passing through its territory and to establish alternative transport routes linking Central Asia with the Eurasian transport network, Uzbekistan is implementing a number of strategically important infrastructure projects. The China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan railway construction project, being carried out with the active participation of Uzbekistan, holds a special place among them.

According to expert calculations, this route will form the shortest corridor from China to Europe and the Middle East, reducing the distance by 900 kilometers and cargo delivery times by 7-8 days. It is expected that after the project's launch, cargo traffic along this route, including through the Middle Corridor, will increase sharply.

Pending the completion of the railway, Uzbekistan is developing this corridor by organizing freight transport along the "China–Kyrgyzstan–Uzbekistan" route using the existing international highway network.

The international multimodal route "Asia-Pacific Region – China – Kyrgyzstan – Uzbekistan – Turkmenistan – Azerbaijan – Georgia – Turkey – Europe" (CASCA+) is being actively developed as an effective mechanism for coordinating cargo flows. In 2025, container shipments along this route reached 6,722 TEU, a 47% increase compared to 2024. The annual provision of tariff preferences of up to 70% by the participating railway administrations contributes to the steady growth in the volume of mutually beneficial transport.

Furthermore, the establishment in 2024 of the "Eurasian Transport Route" association, with the participation of the railway authorities of Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Turkey, and Tajikistan, has created an institutional platform for the prompt removal of logistical barriers along this corridor.

Another promising transport artery is the "Uzbekistan–Afghanistan–Pakistan" international transport corridor, which shortens the distance from European and CIS countries to Indian Ocean ports by up to 1,000 kilometers compared to existing corridors and creates a new dimension of regional interconnectivity.

The development of this route in harmony with existing transport arteries will lay the groundwork for a new multimodal transport corridor spanning a significant part of the Eurasian region:

"South Asian countries (Pakistan, India) – Afghanistan – Uzbekistan – Kazakhstan – Azerbaijan – Georgia (Black Sea ports) – European Union".

In addition to infrastructure connectivity, digital integration in the transport sector is also consistently advancing between the countries of Central Asia and Azerbaijan. In this respect, the introduction of the e-Permit system, initiated by Uzbekistan, has been of great practical significance. This system allows for the electronic exchange of permits for international road freight. Notably, this system will be launched between Uzbekistan and Azerbaijan in 2025, which will simplify administrative procedures for carriers, accelerate customs clearance, and reduce human error.

It is noteworthy that the world's first implementation of an electronic permit exchange system occurred in 2021 between Uzbekistan and Turkey. In the following years, this initiative was gradually expanded: the system was implemented with Kazakhstan in 2024, will be with Azerbaijan and Kyrgyzstan in 2025, and with Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and China in 2026. This demonstrates that Uzbekistan is becoming one of the countries pioneering best practices in digitalizing international transport processes, not only regionally but also on a global scale.

In conclusion, the strategic partnership between the countries of Central Asia and Azerbaijan in the transport and logistics sector not only connects the regions but also ensures the stability of freight supply chains across the entire Eurasian space. Azerbaijan's full accession to the Consultative Meetings format, the active implementation of major railway projects, the widespread adoption of digital solutions, and the strengthening of institutional mechanisms are creating a solid foundation for a unified transport space. This, in turn, facilitates the seamless integration of the region's countries into global supply chains and further strengthens the positions of Central Asia and the South Caucasus within the international transit system.

Sh. Akhmedov, Leading Specialist at the Center for the Study of Transport and Logistics Development Issues under the Ministry of Transport of the Republic of Uzbekistan

The contemporary system of international relations is being shaped by rapid geopolitical changes, growing fragmentation, disruptions in transport and supply chains, climate change, and increasing risks to food and energy security. Under these conditions, trust, dialogue and practical cooperation among states are becoming more important than ever. For Central and South Asia — two historically interconnected regions with significant yet not fully realized potential — connectivity has acquired not only economic, but also strategic, political and civilizational significance.

The initiative to strengthen connectivity between Central and South Asia, advanced by President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev, represents a timely response to this historical and geopolitical demand. Its core idea is that security cannot be ensured solely through military or political instruments. It must also be built through economic development, transport corridors, trade links, education, culture and human capital. In this sense, development is not merely a consequence of security; rather, it is one of its fundamental preconditions.

This approach gained institutional form in July 2021, when Tashkent hosted the high-level international conference “Central and South Asia: Regional Connectivity. Challenges and Opportunities” at the initiative of President Shavkat Mirziyoyev. The forum created an important political and expert platform for advancing interregional cooperation. Its international recognition was further demonstrated in 2022, when the United Nations General Assembly adopted the resolution “Strengthening Connectivity between Central and South Asia.” Initiated by the President of Uzbekistan and supported by more than 40 states, the resolution confirmed that Uzbekistan’s vision has significance not only at the national or regional level, but also for the wider international community.

The Termez Dialogue is a practical continuation of this diplomatic and intellectual process. Launched in May 2025, it has emerged as a permanent platform aimed at creating a stable, systematic and practice-oriented environment for cooperation between Central and South Asia. Its first meeting attracted considerable attention from the international expert community due to its broad participation, multilateral format and applied focus. The growing interest in this initiative was also reflected in the organization of a separate session on the Termez Dialogue during the Doha Forum in December 2025.

The second meeting of the Termez Dialogue, scheduled for 4–6 June 2026 in Tashkent, Termez and Samarkand, is expected to mark a new stage in the development of this platform. The main emphasis will shift from general conceptual discussions to the identification of specific priorities and practical mechanisms. In other words, the Dialogue is intended not only to exchange views, but also to generate concrete outcomes in political dialogue, economic connectivity, transport and logistics, climate adaptation, and cultural-humanitarian cooperation.

One of the key features of the Termez Dialogue is that it reflects Uzbekistan’s proactive, pragmatic and open foreign policy. Uzbekistan does not position itself as a state forced to choose between competing blocs, but rather as a reliable platform for dialogue among different regions, markets and civilizations. In this regard, the Termez Dialogue forms part of a broader system of initiatives, including the Fergana Peace Forum, the Samarkand Climate Forum, the Samarkand Solidarity Initiative, and proposals within the Shanghai Cooperation Organization on good-neighbourliness, trust and cross-border partnership.

Transport and logistics remain among the most important dimensions of connectivity between Central and South Asia. The countries of Central Asia are landlocked and therefore face structural limitations in accessing global markets. Diversifying transport routes, reducing logistics costs and facilitating access to external markets are essential for the region’s long-term economic development. According to available estimates, the level of transport connectivity of Central Asian states with external markets is around 60 per cent, while in the European Union and ASEAN countries it exceeds 95 per cent. In some cases, transport costs in Central Asia may reach up to 50 per cent of the final value of goods, which is several times higher than the global average.

In this context, the Trans-Afghan Corridor has strategic importance. It can provide Central Asian states with the shortest access to the ports of the Indian Ocean and link South Asia with the markets of Central Asia, Russia, China and Europe. This project is not limited to railway construction or transport infrastructure. It is also an instrument of regional economic integration, Afghanistan’s involvement in peaceful development processes, and the formation of a new trade architecture in Eurasia. Through this approach, Uzbekistan seeks to transform its geographical constraints into logistical advantages.

Afghanistan occupies a special place in this process. It is a natural land bridge connecting Central and South Asia. Uzbekistan’s policy toward Afghanistan is consistent and practical. Since 2021, Uzbekistan has sent 15 humanitarian convoys to Afghanistan, delivering more than 13,000 tons of humanitarian assistance. At the same time, bilateral trade and economic relations have been developing dynamically. In 2025, trade turnover between Uzbekistan and Afghanistan reached 1.7 billion US dollars, which is 55 per cent higher than the previous year. These figures demonstrate that Uzbekistan views Afghanistan not as a source of problems, but as an important participant in regional development and stability.

The choice of Termez as one of the central locations of this initiative is also highly symbolic. Historically, Termez has been a meeting point of trade, culture, science and religious traditions between Central and South Asia. The city played an important role in the history of Bactria, the Kushan Empire, the Great Silk Road and wider civilizational exchange. Today, Termez is becoming Uzbekistan’s southern gateway and a modern centre of practical cooperation with Afghanistan and South Asia.

There are concrete examples of this transformation. The Termez International Trade Centre, opened on 29 August 2024, covers 36 hectares and is located only 500 metres from the border with Afghanistan. A 15-day visa-free regime has been introduced within the centre. Its infrastructure includes more than 3,000 shops, customs facilities, banking services, public service centres and export-oriented platforms. The annual export potential of products represented in the trade zone is estimated at 1.2 billion US dollars. More than 1,000 local residents and about 140 Afghan citizens are employed there. This shows that connectivity is not an abstract political slogan, but a practical reality linked to jobs, exports, services and human livelihoods.

Another important example is the Termez Cargo Centre, an international transport and logistics hub operating since 2016. Located near the intersection of Afghanistan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan, the centre has been used since 2021 by the United Nations World Food Programme and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees for delivering humanitarian cargo to Afghanistan. Thus, Termez is becoming not only a trade and logistics hub, but also an important point of humanitarian diplomacy.

The Educational Centre for Afghan Citizens, established in Termez in 2018, also reflects Uzbekistan’s long-term investment in human capital. The centre provides education for Afghan youth in 17 higher education fields and 16 vocational and secondary-specialized areas. Since its establishment, more than 800 Afghan citizens have studied there, including 200 girls and women. These figures demonstrate the importance of education and professional training in stabilizing Afghanistan. Peace is strengthened not only through political agreements, but also through an educated, skilled and socially active generation.

Another important dimension of the Termez Dialogue is climate and environmental sustainability. Central and South Asia are among the regions most affected by the consequences of climate change. Water scarcity, desertification, soil degradation, air pollution, glacier melting and natural disasters are not only national challenges, but also transboundary problems. Therefore, climate adaptation, rational use of water resources, early warning systems and the exchange of digital hydrological data should become integral components of cooperation between the two regions.

Uzbekistan is taking an active role in this field as well. The Samarkand Climate Forum, regional climate summits, the Green Agenda, the regional strategy for climate adaptation and environmental protection programmes are important steps in this direction. These initiatives show that Central Asia is no longer merely a region affected by environmental problems; it is increasingly becoming an active regional actor proposing practical solutions.

Cultural and humanitarian cooperation forms one of the deepest foundations of interregional connectivity. The peoples of Central and South Asia have been linked for centuries through shared history, trade routes, science, culture and spirituality. Today, the demographic potential of the two regions also creates major opportunities: more than 60 per cent of the population is under the age of 30. This opens broad prospects for cooperation in education, science, academic exchange, innovation and human capital development.

From this perspective, the Termez Dialogue is not only a meeting of diplomats and experts. It should also serve as a platform that opens new opportunities for young people, scholars, entrepreneurs, educational institutions, cultural actors and civil society representatives. Economic projects require trust, and trust requires closer ties, mutual understanding and cultural dialogue among peoples.

The planned visit to Samarkand also carries deep symbolic meaning. For centuries, Samarkand served as a centre of science, trade and diplomacy connecting East and West, Central and South Asia, the Middle East and Europe. The “Spirit of Samarkand” reflects openness, tolerance, dialogue and a commitment to shared development. In the diplomacy of President Shavkat Mirziyoyev, Samarkand has become a platform that connects Uzbekistan’s historical legacy with modern international initiatives.

In conclusion, the Termez Dialogue is not an ordinary international event aimed only at bringing Central and South Asia closer together. It is a strategic platform that reflects Uzbekistan’s new foreign policy thinking, regional responsibility and global initiative. Its foundation rests on three interconnected principles: trust through dialogue, cooperation through dialogue, and shared development through cooperation.

The international community is increasingly recognizing Uzbekistan’s efforts in this direction. The adoption of the UN General Assembly resolution, the support of more than 40 states, and the growing interest of international organizations, experts and regional partners in the Termez Dialogue clearly demonstrate this trend. Through this platform, Uzbekistan is building a new bridge of trust between Central and South Asia — a bridge strengthened by trade routes, railways, educational programmes, cultural ties and humanitarian initiatives.

Therefore, the Termez Dialogue should be viewed as an emerging architecture of interregional cooperation. It contributes to the formation of Central and South Asia not merely as neighbouring geographic spaces, but as a macro-region united by common interests, shared security and a common future. In this process, Uzbekistan acts as an initiator, organizer and reliable bridge between the two regions.

Sadullaev Qudrat Yusubbaevich
Chief Research Fellow of the Academy of Public Policy and Administration under the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Doctor of Law (DSc)

Dear participants of the conference!

Ladies and gentlemen!

First of all, from the bottom of my heart, I sincerely congratulate you, my dear ones, on the opening of today's prestigious event - the joint conference of the International Textile Federation and the International Association of Apparel Manufacturers.

I would like to express my special gratitude to the President of the International Federation of Textile Manufacturers Mr. Kei Vi Srinavasan and President of the International Association of Apparel Manufacturers Mr. Chem Altan for the fact that this joint conference is being held in Uzbekistan for the first time.

At the same time, I express my sincere gratitude to the high-ranking representatives of the industry, heads of prestigious international and regional organizations participating in this conference.

Welcome to the pearl of the ancient Great Silk Road, the land of craftsmen - the majestic city of Samarkand!

Dear participants of the conference!

In recent years we have taken decisive steps to radically improve the investment and business environment, create favorable conditions for foreign and domestic investors.

As in all spheres and sectors, we have been implementing large-scale reforms in the textile and garment industries.

First of all, the state monopoly in cotton cultivation has been abolished, and a cluster system has been created and is being consistently improved, covering the entire process from raw material procurement to the production of finished goods.

Our reforms in this area have won the recognition of prestigious international organizations, and the boycott of Uzbek cotton has been lifted. Our cooperation with the international coalition “Cotton Campaign” continues in this direction.

At the same time, as a result of creating a stable legislative framework, improving the investment environment and introducing new technologies, the volume of cotton fiber processing increased from 40 percent in 2017 to 100 percent. At the same time, the work on import of cotton raw materials and production of finished products with high added value began.

Thanks to the opportunities created in the sphere, the volume of textile production has increased 5 times, its export - 4 times.

The most important thing is that earlier a significant part, i.e. 70 percent of exports in the sector, was accounted for raw materials, while today 60 percent of exported goods are finished products.

In the first years of reforms, we identified as a priority task the development of human capital, training of the population, especially young people and women, in professions, training of qualified personnel for all sectors, and these issues will continue to be in the center of our attention.

Decent working conditions that meet international requirements are created for the employees of enterprises, and the “Better Work” and “Better Cotton” programs are systematically implemented.

Particular attention is paid to ensuring labor rights and providing full support to over 600,000 workers.

At the same time, decisive measures are taken to create national brands, attract prestigious international and foreign trademarks to our country.

Authoritative participants of the world market, such as “Teamdress” (Germany), “Cotonella” (Italy), “Indorama” (Singapore), “Posco International” and “Gwangyang” (South Korea) are effectively operating in the country.

Uzbekistan's textile industry is being actively integrated into global production processes, and the number of our reliable partners on all continents of the world is increasing.

It should be noted that long-term cooperation with foreign investors and international brands, increasing production of high value-added products, bringing national brands to the international level will remain our priorities in the textile industry in the future.

I am convinced that today's conference will serve as an effective platform for further strengthening and expanding cooperation in this area on an international scale, sharing best practices and ideas.

I hope it will contribute to further expansion of mutually beneficial cooperation between representatives of more than 500 national and international organizations, manufacturers and retailers participating in the conference, and will bring the development of the industry to a qualitatively new level.

We highly appreciate and support all mutually beneficial initiatives of our foreign partners. In particular, we are ready to provide all possible assistance in introducing the necessary standards for international brands to enter Uzbekistan.

We are ready to create all necessary conditions for prestigious international organizations to regularly hold conferences, exhibitions and fashion shows in our country, particularly in such cities as Bukhara, Khiva, Shakhrisabz, Margilan, Kokand, Namangan, Andijan, which have high tourism and industrial potential.

I am confident that the ancient history, rich cultural heritage of our country, meetings with our hard-working and generous people will make an indelible impression on you, and the huge socio-economic potential of our regions will encourage investors to implement new projects.

I congratulate you once again on the opening of the prestigious conference that is starting today and wish you all good health, happiness and prosperity, success in the fruitful work of the conference.


Shavkat Mirziyoyev,

President of the Republic of Uzbekistan

Uzbekistan is undergoing a large-scale transformation of its social protection system, aimed at improving the well-being of its citizens and enhancing the effectiveness of social services. A key driver of this process is the national development strategy “Uzbekistan – 2030”, which focuses on the comprehensive and high-quality modernization of the country’s social policy.

In recent years, Uzbekistan has introduced innovative approaches to supporting vulnerable groups, including low-income families, the elderly, persons with disabilities, victims of violence, women in difficult situations, and children deprived of parental care.

Reforms are being implemented both at the legislative level and through specific programs and projects. A significant milestone was the establishment in 2023 of the National Agency for Social Protection (NASP) under the President of Uzbekistan – the only consolidated, ministerial-level body of its kind in the region, responsible for coordinating the implementation of a new generation of social policy.

Unlike neighboring countries, where social functions are divided among several institutions, Uzbekistan has integrated all components of social protection into a single digital system managed by NASP. This has improved coordination, efficiency, accountability, and has led to real improvements in the lives of vulnerable population groups.

In 2021, Uzbekistan ratified the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD). The country offers a range of benefits to companies and organizations that employ individuals with disabilities. Many institutions, streets, and bus stops across the country are gradually being adapted to accommodate people with disabilities.

A key focus of the reforms is the development of “Inson” Social Services Centers, established in 208 districts and cities across the country. These centers operate on a one-stop-shop model and provide over 100 types of social assistance, including psychological and legal counseling, food assistance, and targeted aid for 12 categories of citizens, such as persons with disabilities, low-income families, and the elderly.

All centers are fully digitized, integrated with state systems, and operate on an individualized support model. Each citizen undergoes a needs assessment and receives a personalized support plan with ongoing guidance through the recovery or reintegration process.

In every makhalla (community unit), social workers are assigned based on a tiered “region–district–makhalla” structure, according to the number of families and individuals in need.

In the second quarter of the year 2025, 1.787 million applications were submitted to “Inson” Centers. Of these, 1.204 million were processed, while 496,200 are under review. The most in-demand services include compensation for gas and electricity costs, child benefits, support for low-income families, and access to health resorts for seniors and persons with disabilities.

The “From Poverty to Prosperity” program, enacted by Presidential Decree on September 23, 2024, addresses issues of social orphanhood and care for children deprived of parental care. It focuses on the creation of conditions as close as possible to a family environment and on an individual approach to each child. Accordingly, measures have been developed to place such children in foster care and provide them with social services. In particular, priority is given to preserving the family setting when placing a child in foster care. The main forms of placement are guardianship, custody, or adoption. Placement in a specialized institution is considered only as a measure of last resort.

Children with difficult life situations are temporarily placed in family orphanages within “Inson” Centers before being placed in foster care. Each child is assigned an individualized development plan, with records managed through the “Social Protection” system, which tracks both identified orphans and families willing to foster.

In this way, “Inson” Centers serve as legal representatives for such children, safeguarding their interests, monitoring living conditions, the use of support provided, and ensuring caretakers fulfill their obligations.

During his visit to the “Inson” Social Services Center in Tashkent’s Shaykhantahur district, President Shavkat Mirziyoyev emphasized: “This is a place where every persons concerns are taken care of and where they strive to make people happy. Through such a system, social justice and human dignity are established in our society”.

Special attention in Uzbekistan is given to families raising children with disabilities. As part of a public-private partnership, a specialized center “Imkoniyatlar Olami” (“World of Opportunities”) was created to provide services to children from birth to three years of age. Previously, such infants were exclusively under the care of their parents, and were admitted to specialized institutions only from the age of three. Now, if a risk of disability is identified during pregnancy, expectant mothers can receive help and counseling here, which will strengthen the care of the child. Psychological support is also provided.

Starting March 1, 2025, a day care services for children with disabilities aged 3 to 18 began operating under a public-private partnership model. It offers a wide range of services – social, rehabilitative, educational, and more. The initiative by NASP aims to support children’s social adaptation and enables parents, previously unable to work due to caregiving responsibilities, to return to employment.

A pilot project in Tashkent – the private kindergarten “Wunderkind” in the Yashnabad district successfully operates such a day care service, offering pedagogical, social, and rehabilitative care for children with special needs.

Another example is Family-type home No. 1 in the Mirzo-Ulugbek district. It currently houses nine children – seven with various medical conditions (Down syndrome, dysplasia, anemia, heart defects), and two without. Education and care are customized: three attend specialized kindergartens, three go to general kindergartens, and three are home-schooled.

The home emphasizes individualized care, love, and a nurturing environment that replicates family life. Caregivers follow development plans and integration programs tailored to each child’s needs and capabilities.

“Children choose their meals and even help prepare them, fostering responsibility and independence”, one caregiver noted.

Currently, nine such homes operate across Uzbekistan – five in Tashkent, two in Kashkadarya, and two in Samarkand.

In accordance with the Presidential Decree “On measures to expand the scope of social services provided to individuals in need of care”, the “Step Towards an Active Life” program is being implemented. Under this initiative, adults with disabilities or those requiring constant care receive free social services through vouchers. These include home-based care, supervision, assistance with hygiene, meals, and psychological support.

An example of the program’s implementation is a center located in the Nodirabegim makhalla of Mirzo-Ulugbek district. It has capacity for nine people and currently serves seven. The center is staffed by five experienced professionals.

Iroda Khamidova, a primary school teacher at Wunderkind:

“Our special day care center for children with disabilities, designed for nine children, currently serves seven. Two caregivers and an assistant are assigned to them. The center operates five days a week for nine hours a day and includes a psychological service.

Educators focus on building essential skills such as holding a spoon or expressing creativity with a pencil. The center was established under a Presidential initiative to support children with special needs.

Here, we’ve created all necessary conditions, including a psychologist’s office where not only children but also parents receive consultations and moral support. Seeing their child in a safe and attentive environment reassures them”.

Farhod Kamilov, Chief Specialist of NASP’s Department for the Development of Medical and Social Services for Persons with Disabilities:

“From March 1, 2025, we launched a pilot day care service in seven regions of Uzbekistan, including Tashkent.

By October 1, we plan to expand the service nationwide. Agreements with entrepreneurs in all districts have already been signed as part of public-private partnerships.

Currently, the day care program covers 1,200 children. We believe it is essential to raise public awareness about their specific needs.

Territorial NASP offices operate psychological, medical, and pedagogical commissions. They conduct comprehensive assessments of children with special educational needs and recommend the most suitable path – inclusive, special, or day care service.

It is important to understand that day care is not an educational institution; it focuses solely on caregiving and development. The entrepreneur provides 9-hour daily care, allowing parents to work or do other things.

With mutual agreement, it may be extended up to 12 hours, but the child must always return home to their family.

Our main goal is to reduce, or ideally eliminate, the need for residential care institutions. That is why these day care services were created. Our main goal is to reduce or ideally prevent the placement of children in long-term institutional care. It is with this purpose that such day care services have been established”.

 Dunyo IA